监控外文期刊.docx
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监控外文期刊
InternationalJournalofComputerScience&InformationTechnology(IJCSIT)Vol4,No6,December2012
DOI:
10.5121/ijcsit.2012.4609105
COMPUTINGINSTALLATIONPARAMETERSOF
CCTVCAMERASFORTRAFFICSURVEILLANCE
PratishthaGupta1,Prof.G.N.Purohit2,AmritaDadhich3
1DepartmentofComputerScience,BanasthaliVidyapith,Jaipur,India
pratishtha11@
2DepartmentofComputerScience,BanasthaliVidyapith,Newai,Rajasthan,India
gn_purohitjaipur@yahoo.co.in
3DepartmentofComputerScience,BanasthaliVidyapith,Jaipur,India
amrita8288@
ABSTRACT
ForproperlyinstallingCCTVcamerasonanyintersectionpointfortrafficsurveillance,someparameters
needtobedeterminedinordertogetmaximumbenefit.Theheight,angleofplacementoftheCCTV
cameraisusedtodeterminetheviewortheareathatthecamerawillcoverwithproperresolution.The
resolutionshouldnotbetoohightocoverlesstrafficandshouldnotbetoolowtocoverlargebuthardly
distinguishabletraffic.
ThispaperconcernswithcomputationoftherequiredCCTVinstallationparametersforthecorrect
placementofCCTVcamera.ThesimulationexperimenthasbeendoneinArcGIStocalculatedifferent
parametersandcomparedifferentcomputationresults,andprovidethenecessaryparametric
specificationstoinstallCCTVatasite.ViewshedAnalysisiscarriedouttofindtheinfluenceofvariations
invariousparametersonthetrafficimages.Variouscomparisonsareshownandbestparametersare
presentedinresults.
KEYWORDS
CCTV,ViewshedAnalysis,GoogleEarth,ArcGIS,TrafficSurveillance
1.INTRODUCTION
ThisdocumentanalysestheimpactofvariousCCTVcamerainstallationparametersonthetraffic
imagesacquiredtocoveranoptimallengthofroadforrealtimetrafficsignalcontrol.Various
CCTVCamerainstallationparametersincludeitsheight,verticalandhorizontalorientation,
frequency,resolutionandfocuspointsoftheimagesbeingacquired.
Thispaperisdividedintosixsections.Thesecondsectionpresentstherelatedwork.Thethird
sectiondiscussesthetechnologiesusedintheexperimentalstudy.Thefourthsectiondescribes
theprocedureofacquiringtherequiredinformation.Thefifthsectionpresentsthesimulation
experimentandresults.Thesixthsectiondrawstheconclusion.
2.RELATEDWORK
AlotofworkhasbeendonerelatedtoViewshedAnalysisaswellasTrafficManagement
System.Butboththetechnologieshavenotbeenusedtogethermuch,i.e.developingaTraffic
InternationalJournalofComputerScience&InformationTechnology(IJCSIT)Vol4,No6,December2012
106
ManagementsystemusingViewshedAnalysisandCCTVcameras.Thereareanumberof
sourcesthatcanhelpstudyandworkwithArcGIS.OnesuchisbyJonathanGlick[1].Itprovides
acompleteintroductiontoArcGISanditsworkingtothestarters.[2]canserveasausefulguide
forthemakingmaps,joiningdifferentmapsonthebasisofsomecommonfeaturesand
modifyingmapsasneeded.
ManypapershavebeenpublishedusingthefeaturesandapplicationsofViewshedanalysis.[3]is
adocumentthathelpsinworkingonViewshedAnalysisandgivesastepwiseprocedureforthat.
VinceGreenhasprovidedadocumentthatcontainsapracticalviewshedanalysisdoneonaWind
EnergyDevelopmentsite[4].LinhasgiventheimportanceofViewshedAnalysisinGeo-tagging
andconsideredthecaseoftaggingphotosontheInternet.Thispapervisualizestheimportanceof
ViewshedAnalysisinanalyzingtheplacewherethetaggedphotowastaken.Thisshowsone
moreimportantapplicationofViewshedAnalysis.AestheticQuality[5]isafulldocumentation
ofhowviewshedanalysishasbeenperformedonDigitalelevationModelofacoastalarea.In[6],
step-wiseprocessofworkingonViewshedAnalysisandCumulativeViewshedanalysishasbeen
provided.ManyresearchershaveusedViewshedAnalysisforsomeortheotheranalysis.Leeet
al.[14]workedupondeterminingleastcostpathsinaDigitalelevationmodelusingViewshed
Analysis.[15]showstheexplorationofmultipleViewshedAnalysis.
Yungetal.[13]haveworkeduponcalibrationtechniquesofCCTVcamera.
TounderstandworkingwithallfeaturesofGoogleEarthmightneedsomeassistance,especially
forexploringthefeaturesofGoogleEarth.Whiletalkingaboutthedocuments,varietyofthemis
available.AndrewHobbyhasgivenapaperregardingtheuseofGoogleEarthwithArcMap[7].
ElKhamlichiAhmedetal.In[8]createshapefiles(shp)thatshouldbeusedinArcGIS9.2forthe
designofageoreferenceddatabaseandthedevelopmentofthematicmapsin(ArcMap)interface
inthefinalresult.
DatafromGoogleEarthcannotbeuseddirectlyintoArcMap.ThedatafromGoogleEarthisin
KeyholeMarkupLanguage(KML)format.ToconvertthedatainaformusablebyArcMap;the
Shapefiles,aToolboxneedtobeaddedintoArcMap.Thistoolboxcanbedownloadedfrom[9].
[10]isahelponhowtodownloadthetoolboxandinstallitinArcMapforuse,butArcGIS9.3
alreadyhasthistoolboxincludedinitforconversionfromKMLfileformattoaShapefile.
3.TECHNOLOGIES
Forthepurposeofexperiment,thesoftwarepackageArcGISversion9.3,thesoftwareGoogle
EarthandViewshedAnalysistoolhavebeenused.
3.1.ArcGIS9.3
ArcGISisasoftwarepackagedevelopedbyEnvironmentalSystemsResearchInstitute(ESRI).It
isusedbymanyfederal,stateandlocalagencies,aswellaseducationalinstitutes,businesses
throughouttheworld.Itincludesdesktop,server,mobile,hosted,andonlineGISproducts.There
areanumberofversionsofthesoftwarepackageavailablelike9.2,9.0,8.2etc.butthecurrent
researchusesversion9.3asithasanumberofadditionalcharacteristicsthanitspreviousversions
andsoisbetter.TheadditionalcharacteristicsincludeimprovedsupportforcreatingKML,easier
tocreatehighperformancewebmapservices,betterwebsecurityetc.Thesoftwarepackage
allowsustostore,manipulate,analyzeanddisplayspatialdata.Thedesktopproductsallowusto
integrateandeditdatacreatenewmaplayers,andauthormaps.ArcGISdesktopincludesaseries
ofscalableproducts.ArcGISdesktopproductsincludeArcCatalog,ArcScene,ArcMap,
ArcGlobe,andArcReader.
InternationalJournalofComputerScience&InformationTechnology(IJCSIT)Vol4,No6,December2012
107
3.2.ViewshedAnalysis
Aviewshedisanareaofland,water,orotherenvironmentalelementthatisvisibletothehuman
eyefromafixedvantagepoint.Itcanalsobedefinedasanareaonterrainsurfacethatisvisible
fromaspecificlocation.Thetermisusedwidelyinsuchareasasurbanplanning,archaeology,
andmilitaryscience.InArcGIS,Viewshedtakesasinputarasterfileandafilecontaining
observationpointsanditidentifiesthecellistherasterthatarevisiblefromtheobservationpoint.
Asexplainedin[11],ifonlyoneobservationpointispresent,eachcellthatcanseethe
observationpointisassignedoneandthecellsthatcannotseetheobservationpointareassigned
Zero.Whileinmultipleobservationpoints,eachcellintheoutputrasterreceivesavaluethat
indicateshowmanyobserverpointscanbeseenfromeachlocation.
InArcGIS9.3,ViewshedanalysiscanbecalculatedfromthetoolbarofSpatialAnalysisor3D
Analysis.Inboththetoolbars,viewshedfunctionisavailableinSurfaceAnalysis->Viewshed.
3.3.GoogleEarth
GoogleEarthisavirtualglobecomputerprogram.Someversionsofthesoftwarearenotfreely
availableandthefreelyavailableGoogleEarthcanbeeasilydownloaded.Itprovideshigh
resolutionaerialandsatelliteimagery.Onecanidentifyandmarkplacesandanyotherdataof
interest.GoogleEarthandArcGISallowforsomeinter-compatibilitythroughtheuseofKeyhole
MarkupLanguage(KML)andsoGoogleEarthhasbeenusedtogetthedatafortheresearch.
KML,aprogramminglanguagesimilartoHTML,wasspecificallydesignedtoallowspatialmap
datatobedisplayedinvirtualearthbrowsers,suchasGoogleEarth.BysupportingKML,ArcGIS
allowsShapefilestobeconvertedforviewinginGoogleEarth.DataimportedfromGoogleEarth
isintheKMLformatandcanbeconvertedtoShapefilesofArcGIS.
4.PROCEDUREOFACQUIRINGTHEINFORMATION
Thisresearchusesavailableresourcestogettherequiredinformationtogetasetof
parametersthatwillbeusedtoinstallCCTVatatrafficsurveillancesite.Thefollowing
sectionsdepictthestepsforcollectingtheinformation.
4.1.Selectionofsite
RambaghCircleofJaipurisselectedasthesitewherealltheanalysishasbeendone.Thecircle
areaisbusyoneasitconnectsthemaincityofJaipurtothegrowingpartofJaipur.Ithasabusy
trafficatnearlyalltimeofthedayandthushasbeenchosenformonitoringtheeffect.One
portionofthecompleteintersectionareaistakenintoaccountforviewingtheeffectsofplacinga
CCTVcamerawiththetrafficlight’spole.
4.2.GettingdatafromGoogleEarth
GoogleEarthprovidesthecompletespatialinformationofaplaceandanyplaceontheEarthcan
bemappedusingthisapplication.Bydownloadingit,onecanviewalltheplaces,their
coordinatesandanyextrainformationrelatedtotheplace.Mainly,datafromGoogleEarthis
compatiblewithArcGISandthusithasbeenused.ThedatatakenfromGoogleEarthisinthe
formofKML(KeyholeMarkupLanguage).KMLdatacanbeeasilyimportedintoArcGIS.
InternationalJournalofComputerScience&InformationTechnology(IJCSIT)Vol4,No6,December2012
108
Fortheresearch,theplacewhereviewshedanalysisneedstobecarriedoutismarkedinGoogle
Earthusingpolygons,andplacemarks.Thefollowingstepshavebeenfollowedtocollectthedata
from
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