确定项目范围Word格式.docx

确定项目范围Word格式.docx

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TableofContents

TableofContentsii

RevisionHistoryii

1.BusinessRequirements1

1.1.Background1

1.2.BusinessOpportunity1

1.3.BusinessObjectivesandSuccessCriteria1

1.4.CustomerorMarketNeeds1

1.5.BusinessRisks1

2.VisionoftheSolution2

2.1.VisionStatement2

2.2.MajorFeatures2

2.3.AssumptionsandDependencies2

3.ScopeandLimitations2

3.1.ScopeofInitialRelease2

3.2.ScopeofSubsequentReleases2

3.3.LimitationsandExclusions3

4.BusinessContext3

4.1.StakeholderProfiles3

4.2.ProjectPriorities4

4.3.OperatingEnvironment4

RevisionHistory

Name

Date

ReasonForChanges

Version

1.BusinessRequirements

Thebusinessrequirementsprovidethefoundationandreferenceforalldetailedrequirementsdevelopment.Youmaygatherbusinessrequirementsfromthecustomerordevelopmentorganization’sseniormanagement,anexecutivesponsor,aprojectvisionary,productmanagement,themarketingdepartment,orotherindividualswhohaveaclearsenseofwhytheprojectisbeingundertakenandtheultimatevalueitwillprovide,bothtothebusinessandtocustomers.>

1.1.Background

Thissectionsummarizestherationaleforthenewproduct.Provideageneraldescriptionofthehistoryorsituationthatleadstotherecognitionthatthisproductshouldbebuilt.>

1.2.BusinessOpportunity

Describethemarketopportunitythatexistsorthebusinessproblemthatisbeingsolved.Describethemarketinwhichacommercialproductwillbecompetingortheenvironmentinwhichaninformationsystemwillbeused.Thismayincludeabriefcomparativeevaluationofexistingproductsandpotentialsolutions,indicatingwhytheproposedproductisattractive.Identifytheproblemsthatcannotcurrentlybesolvedwithouttheproduct,andhowtheproductfitsinwithmarkettrendsorcorporatestrategicdirections.>

1.3.BusinessObjectivesandSuccessCriteria

Describetheimportantbusinessobjectivesoftheproductinawaythatisquantitativeandmeasurable.Thevalueprovidedtocustomersisdescribedinsection1.4,sothissectionshouldfocusonthevalueprovidedtothebusiness.Thiscouldincludeestimatesofrevenueorcostsavings,returnoninvestmentanalysis,ortargetreleasedates.Determinehowsuccesswillbedefinedandmeasuredonthisproject,anddescribethefactorsthatarelikelytohavethegreatestimpactonachievingthatsuccess.Includethingswithinthedirectcontroloftheorganization,aswellasexternalfactors.Establishmeasurablecriteriatoassesswhetherthebusinessobjectiveshavebeenmet.>

1.4.CustomerorMarketNeeds

Describetheneedsoftypicalcustomersormarketsegments,includingneedsthatarenotyetmetbythemarketplaceorbyexistingsystems.Youmaywishtodescribeproblemscustomerscurrentlyencounterthatthenewproductwill（orwillnot）addressandhowtheproductwouldbeusedbycustomers.Identifythecustomerhardwareandsoftwareenvironmentinwhichtheproductmustoperate.Defineatahighlevelanyknowncriticalinterfaceorperformancerequirements.Avoidincludinganydesignorimplementationdetails.Presenttherequirementsinanumberedlistsothatmoredetaileduserorfunctionalrequirementscanbetracedtothem.>

1.5.BusinessRisks

Summarizethemajorbusinessrisksassociatedwithdevelopingthisproduct,suchasmarketplacecompetition,timingissues,useracceptance,implementationissues,orpossiblenegativeimpactsonthebusiness.Estimatetheseverityoftherisksandidentifyanyriskmitigationactionsthatcouldbetaken.>

2.VisionoftheSolution

Thissectionestablishesalong-termvisionforthesystemtobebuilttoaddressthebusinessobjectives.Thisvisionwillprovidethecontextformakingdecisionsthroughoutthecourseoftheproductdevelopmentlifecycle.Thevisionshouldnotincludedetailedfunctionalrequirementsorprojectplanninginformation.>

2.1.VisionStatement

Writeaconcisevisionstatementthatsummarizesthepurposeandintentofthenewproductanddescribeswhattheworldwillbelikewhenitincludestheproduct.Thevisionstatementshouldreflectabalancedviewthatwillsatisfytheneedsofdiversecustomersaswellasthoseofthedevelopingorganization.Itmaybesomewhatidealistic,butitshouldbegroundedintherealitiesofexistingoranticipatedcustomermarkets,enterprisearchitectures,organizationalstrategicdirections,andcostandresourcelimitations.>

2.2.MajorFeatures

Includeanumberedlistofthemajorfeaturesofthenewproduct,emphasizingthosefeaturesthatdistinguishitfrompreviousorcompetingproducts.Specificuserrequirementsandfunctionalrequirementsmaybetracedbacktothesefeatures.>

2.3.AssumptionsandDependencies

Recordanyassumptionsthatweremadewhenconceivingtheprojectandwritingthisvisionandscopedocument.Noteanymajordependenciestheprojectmustrelyuponforsuccess,suchasspecifictechnologies,third-partyvendors,developmentpartners,orotherbusinessrelationships.>

3.ScopeandLimitations

Theprojectscopedefinestheconceptandrangeoftheproposedsolution.It’salsoimportanttodefinewhatwillnotbeincludedintheproduct.Clarifyingthescopeandlimitationshelpstoestablishrealisticexpectationsofthemanystakeholders.Italsoprovidesareferenceframeagainstwhichproposedfeaturesandrequirementschangescanbeevaluated.Proposedrequirementsthatareoutofscopefortheenvisionedproductmustberejected,unlesstheyaresobeneficialthatthescopeshouldbeenlargedtoaccommodatethem（withaccompanyingchangesinbudget,schedule,and/orresources）.>

3.1.ScopeofInitialRelease

Describetheintendedmajorfeaturesthatwillbeincludedintheinitialreleaseoftheproduct.Considerthebenefitstheproductisintendedtobringtothevariouscustomercommunities,andgenerallydescribetheproductfeaturesandqualitycharacteristicsthatwillenableittoprovidethosebenefits.Avoidthetemptationtoincludeeverypossiblefeaturethatanypotentialcustomercategorymightconceivablywantsomeday.Focusonthosefeaturesandproductcharacteristicsthatwillprovidethemostvalue,atthemostacceptabledevelopmentcost,tothebroadestcommunity.>

3.2.ScopeofSubsequentReleases

Ifastagedevolutionoftheproductisenvisionedovertime,indicatewhichmajorfeatureswillbedeferredtolaterreleases.>

3.3.LimitationsandExclusions

Identifyanyproductfeaturesorcharacteristicsthatastakeholdermightanticipate,butwhicharenotplannedtobeincludedinthenewproduct.>

4.BusinessContext

Thissectionsummarizessomeofthebusinessissuesaroundtheproject,includingprofilesofmajorcustomercategories,assumptionsthatwentintotheprojectconcept,andthemanagementprioritiesfortheproject.>

4.1.StakeholderProfiles

Stakeholdersareindividuals,groups,ororganizationsthatareactivelyinvolvedinaproject,areaffectedbyitsoutcome,orcaninfluenceitsoutcome.Thestakeholderprofilesidentifythecustomersforthisproductandotherstakeholders,andstatestheirmajorinterestsintheproduct.Characterizebusiness-levelcustomers,targetmarketsegments,anddifferentuserclasses,toreducethelikelihoodofunexpectedrequirementssurfacinglaterthatcannotbeaccommodatedbecauseofscheduleorscopeconstraints.Foreachstakeholdercategory,theprofileincludesthemajorvalueorbenefitstheywillreceivefromtheproduct,theirlikelyattitudestowardtheproduct,majorfeaturesandcharacteristicsofinterest,andanyknownconstraintsthatmustbeaccommodated.Examplesofstakeholdervalueinclude:

∙improvedproductivity

∙reducedrework

∙costsavings

∙streamlinedbusinessprocesses

∙automationofpreviouslymanualtasks

∙abilitytoperformentirelynewtasksorfunctions

∙conformancetocurrentstandardsorregulations

∙improvedusabilityorreducedfrustrationlevelcomparedtocurrentapplications

Example:

>

Stakeholder

MajorValue

Attitudes

MajorInterests

Constraints

executives

increasedrevenue

seeproductasavenueto25%increaseinmarketshare

richerfeaturesetthancompetitors;

timetomarket

maximumbudget=$1.4M

editors

fewererrorsinwork

highlyreceptive,butexpecthighusability

automaticerrorcorrection;

easeofuse;

highreliability

mustrunonlow-endworkstations

legalaides

quickaccesstodata

resistantunlessproductiskeystroke-compatiblewithcurrentsystem

abilitytohandlemuchlargerdatabasethancurrentsystem;

easytolearn

nobudgetforretraining

4.2.ProjectPriorities

Describetheprioritiesamongtheproject’srequirements,schedule,andbudget.Thetablebelowmaybehelpfulinidentifyingtheparametersaroundtheproject’skeydrivers（toppriorityobjectives）,constraintstoworkwithin,anddimensionsthatcanbebalancedagainsteachothertoachievethedriverswithintheknownconstraints.Formoreinformation,seechapter2of