English Literature 3Word文件下载.docx

English Literature 3Word文件下载.docx

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•JohnDonne

ThomasMore（1478-1535）

•HewasLordChancellortoHenryVIII.

•HewasbeheadedbecauseherefusedtorecognizethesupremacyofHenryasheadoftheEnglishChurch.

•Masterpiece:

Utopia（meaningnoplace）,publishedin1516.

SirPhilipSidney（1554-1586）

•Hewasaperfectknightandscholarcourtier.

•Majorworks:

Arcadia（1580）

AstrophelandStella（1580-1584）:

sonnetseries,108inall.

ApologyforPoetry（1579）

EdmundSpencer（1552-1599）

•Thegreatestnon-dramaticpoetoftheElizabethanage.Hewascalled“poets’poet”.TheSpencerianstanza（p.72）.

TheShepherd’sCalendar（1579）

Amoretti（sonnetsequence,89inall）

TheFaerieQueene

ChristopherMarlowe（1564-1593）

•Oneofthe“UniversityWits”.

TamburlainetheGreat（1587）

TheTragicHistoryofDr.Faustus（1592）:

Awilltosearchtheinfiniteworldofknowledgeevenintheexpenseoflife.

（Seeplotsummaryonp.85-86）

ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove

WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）

•TheGreatestwriterinEnglishandoneofthegreatestintheworld.

•“Hewasnotofanage,butforalltime.”——BenJonson

•Achievements:

seep.95-97

1.Shakespearerepresentedthetrendofhistoryingivingvoicetothedesiresandaspirationsofthepeople.

2.Shakespeare’shumanism.

3.Shakespeare’scharacterization.

4.Shakespeare’soriginality.

5.Shakespeareasagreatpoet.

6.ShakespeareasmasteroftheEnglishlanguage.

Works:

Poetry

Sonnets（154inall）

ALover’sComplaint

TheRapeofLucrece

VenusandAdonis

FuneralElegybyW.S

Comedy

All'

sWellThatEndsWell

AsYouLikeIt皆大欢喜

TheComedyofErrors错误的喜剧

Cymbeline辛柏霖

Love'

sLaboursLost终成眷属

MeasureforMeasure

TheMerryWivesofWindsor温莎的风流娘儿们

TheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人

AMidsummerNight'

sDream仲夏夜之梦

MuchAdoAboutNothing无事生非

Pericles,PrinceofTyre

TamingoftheShrew

TheTempest暴风雨

TroilusandCressida

TwelfthNight第十二夜

TwoGentlemenofVerona维洛纳二绅士

Winter'

sTale冬天的故事

History

HenryIV,part1

HenryIV,part2

HenryV

HenryVI,part1

HenryVI,part2

HenryVI,part3

HenryVIII

KingJohn

RichardII

RichardIII

Tragedy

AntonyandCleopatra

Coriolanus

Hamlet

JuliusCaesar

KingLear

Macbeth

Othello

RomeoandJuliet

TimonofAthens

TitusAndronicus

Sonnet18

•Seep.99

•我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？

你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：

狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，

夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：

•天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈，

它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽：

被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，

没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。

•但是你的长夏永远不会雕落，

也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳，

或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊，

当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。

•只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛，

这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。

（梁宗岱译）

Hamlet

•Plotsummary:

kingofDenmarkdied---queenmarriedthenewking,deceasedking’sbrother---ghostinElsinoreCastle---ghosttalktoHamlet---Hamletpretendedtobemad---actorscame---provedking’sguilt---HamletkilledPolonius---kingsentHamlettoEngland---Hamletreturnedalive---kingarrangedaduel---Hamlet,Laertes,queenwerepoisoned,kingwaskilled

ActIII,Scene1

Seep.156

•是生，还是死，问题就在这里：

•哪一种做法更高贵可取，

•是忍受厄运投射的矢石，

•还是拔剑杀向无边恨海，

•一拼了之：

死去，睡去，

•了却一切？

若一觉睡去，

•得以了却心头之恨

•和肉体带来的千般苦，

•那可是馨香以求的归宿。

•死去睡去，或许又入梦；

•唉，麻烦就出在这里，

•想到摆脱了人世的纷扰，

•在长眠中可能梦到什么，

•我们就踌躇。

是这一缘故

•使得人生苦难如此长命：

•一个人若仅用一把匕首

•就结清了身前身后之账，

•谁又愿忍受那世态炎凉、

•压迫者的欺负、傲慢者的白眼、

•失恋的痛苦、正义的迟误、

•官吏的骄横、还有那小人

•对宽让君子的侮辱？

•谁愿身背愁苦生活的包袱，

•呻吟、流汗，要不是因为

•对死后情况，对那不为人知、

•行客一入不返国度的恐惧？

•于是我们意志消沉，宁可忍受

•前已有的困苦，也不逃往

•其他我们不了解的困境。

•这样，理智使我们都成为懦夫，

•这样，我们血气方刚的本色

•便蒙上一层思虑的惨白病容，

•轰轰烈烈的各番事业

•由此便偃旗息鼓，白白断送。

FrancisBacon（1561-1626）p.196

•Englishphilosopher,statesman,scientist,lawyer,juristandauthor.

•Essays（1597,1625）

JohnDonne（1572-1631）

•Metaphysicalpoet,preacher.

•Works:

religioussermonsandpoems.

Style:

1.Intensefeeling

2.Dartingthought

3.Vasterudition

4.Conceit（别出心裁的比喻）:

love---apoisonousspider,cannonball,pike;

heart---fry;

lovers---feetofcompass

AValediction:

ForbiddingMourning

•Seep.192

•Meterandrhyme

Thepoemcontainsninequantrainsofiambictetrameter（四步抑扬格）.Therhymeschemeofeachquantrainisabab.

ABriefGuidetoMetaphysicalPoetry

•Theterm"

metaphysical,"

asappliedtoEnglishandcontinentalEuropeanpoetsoftheseventeenthcentury,wasusedbyAugustanpoetsJohnDrydenandSamuelJohnsontoreprovethosepoetsfortheir"

unnaturalness."

AsGoethewrote,however,"

theunnatural,thattooisnatural,"

andthemetaphysicalpoetscontinuetobestudiedandreveredfortheirintricacyandoriginality.

•JohnDonne,alongwithsimilarbutdistinctpoetssuchasGeorgeHerbert,AndrewMarvell,andHenryVaughn,developedapoeticstyleinwhichphilosophicalandspiritualsubjectswereapproachedwithreasonandoftenconcludedinparadox.Thisgroupofwritersestablishedmeditationasapoeticmode.

•ThemetaphysicalpoetswereeclipsedintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesbyromanticandVictorianpoets,buttwentiethcenturyreadersandscholars,seeinginthemetaphysicalsanattempttounderstandpressingpoliticalandscientificupheavals,engagedthemwithrenewedinterest.Inhisessay"

TheMetaphysicalPoets,"

T.S.Eliot,inparticular,sawinthisgroupofpoetsacapacityfor"

devouringallkindsofexperience."

BenJonson（1572-1637）

•Dramatist,poet.

•Poems:

SongtoCelia（p.198）

TotheMemoryofMyBelovedMasterWilliamShakespeare

RobertHerrick（1591-1674）

•Cavalierpoet

•Theme:

carpediem（seizetheday）

e.g.TotheVirgins,toMakeMuchofTime

（p.200）cf.

金缕衣

（唐）杜秋娘

劝君莫惜金缕衣，劝君惜取少年时。

花开堪折直须折，莫待无花空折枝。

（女人花）

AndrewMarvell（1621-1678）

•Metaphysicalpoet

TheGarden

ToHisCoyMistress

ToHisCoyMistress

•Hadwebutworldenough,andtime,

Thiscoyness,Lady,werenocrime

Wewouldsitdownandthinkwhichway

Towalkandpassourlonglove'

sday.

ThoubytheIndianGanges'

side

Shouldstrubiesfind:

Ibythetide

OfHumberwouldcomplain.Iwould

LoveyoutenyearsbeforetheFlood,

Andyoushould,ifyouplease,refuse

TilltheconversionoftheJews.

•Myvegetableloveshouldgrow

Vasterthanempires,andmoreslow;

Anhundredyearsshouldgotopraise

Thineeyesandonthyforeheadgaze;

Twohundredtoadoreeachbreast,

Butthirtythousandtotherest;

Anageatleasttoeverypart,

Andthelastageshouldshowyourheart.

For,Lady,youdeservethisstate,

NorwouldIloveatlowerrate.

•ButatmybackIalwayshear

Time'

swingè

dchariothurryingnear;

Andyonderallbeforeuslie

Desertsofvasteternity.

Thybeautyshallnomorebefound,

Nor,inthymarblevault,shallsound

Myechoingsong:

thenwormsshalltry

Thatlongpreservedvirginity,

Andyourquainthonourturntodust,

Andintoashesallmylust:

Thegrave'

safineandprivateplace,

Butnone,Ithink,dothereembrace.

•Nowtherefore,whiletheyouthfulhue

Sitsonthyskinlikemorningdew,

Andwhilethywillingsoultranspires

Ateveryporewithinstantfires,

Nowletussportuswhilewemay,

Andnow,likeamorousbirdsofprey,

Ratheratonceourtimedevour

Thanlanguishinhisslow-chaptpower.

•Letusrollallourstrengthandall

Oursweetnessupintooneball,

Andtearourpleasureswithroughstrife

Throughtheirongatesoflife:

Thus,thoughwecannotmakeoursun

Standstill,yetwewillmakehimrun.