《英国文学选读》教案文档格式.docx
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《英国文学选读》教案文档格式.docx
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TeachingMethodsandStrategies
Openquestionsandanswersinclass
Classdiscussionandanalysis
MainBody
I.GeneralIntroduction
1.Warming-upquestions:
1)HowmuchdoyouknowaboutEnglishliterature?
2)Whydowelearnliterature?
—Agoodwaytoimprovethelanguage-learningitself;
agoodwaytobroadenthesphereofknowledge;
toprovokedeep-thinkingandtoprovidedifferentwaystolookatlifeandtheworld;
toenhanceone’sunderstandingofhistory,politics,cultureandtheminiatureofthesociety;
toenrichone’slifeandimproveone’squality;
toimproveone’sinsightintohumancharacter…
Wordsusedtodescribeliterature:
artistic,
beautiful,emotional,
expressive,
imitating,
imaginative,
informative,
instructive,
pleasing,
passionate,
reflective,
valuable
2.Mainplot/GeneralclueofEnglishliterature:
EnglishliteraturebeganwiththeAnglo-SaxonsettlementinEngland.ThestudyofEnglishliteratureusuallybeginswiththeAnglo-SaxonepicpoemBeowulf.TheAnglo-SaxonsfirstbroughttoEnglandtheGermaniclanguageandculture.AftertheNormanConquestin1066,theNormansboughttoEnglandafreshwaveofMediterraneancivilization,whichincludesGreekculture,Romanlaw,andtheChristianreligion.ItistheculturalinfluencesofthesetwoconqueststhatprovidethesourcefortheriseandgrowthofEnglishliterature.TheEnglishatthattimewascalledOldEnglish,whichisquitehardtorecognizetoday.
GeoffreyChaucer,fatherofEnglishliterature,isagreatrepresentativeoftheMediaevalAge.He’sthefirstpersontouseEnglishtowritestories.
BythetimeofQueenElizabethI’sreign(1558-1603),Englishwasbasicallyasitistoday.IntheworksofShakespeareandlaterintheKingJamesversionoftheBible,Englishreacheditspeakofpurityandbeauty.Inallthecenturiessince,theEnglishlanguagehasundergonegradualchanges.Shakespearelivesinthisagebuthebelongstoallages.Heisthegreatestplaywrightandpoet.HismasterfulplayshavedominatedEnglish-speakingstageseversincetheywerewritten.Theyhavebeentranslatedintoeverymajorlanguage.Amongallhis38plays,thewell-knownfourgreatesttragediesare:
Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.
The17thcenturywitnessestheGreatRevolutioninEngland.Inthisperiod,JohnMiltonfinishedwritinghismasterpiecesParadiseLost,Paradiseregained,andSamsonAgonistesafterhebecameblind.
The18thcenturyEnglishliteratureismarkedbyaratherlargeshiftfromthemoodandtoneofthe17thcentury.Inthisperiod,JonathanSwiftwasoneofthegreatestfigures.HisGulliver’sTravelsnotonlysatirizedthepoliticalcirclebutalsoentertainedmanychildrenwithhisfantasticstories.DanielDefoe,fatherofEnglishnovels,wasalsoworthmentioning.RobinsonCrusoeisthemostfamoustaleofshipwreckandsolitarysurvivalinallliterature.
Roughlythefirstthirdofthe19thcenturymakesupEnglishliterature’sromanticperiod.Writersofromanticliteraturearemoreconcernedwithimaginationandemotionthanwiththepowerofreason,whichmarkedthe18thcentury.WordsworthandColeridgepublishedtheirLyricalBalladsin1798,whichwascalledromanticpoetry’sDeclarationofIndependence.TogetherwithRobertSouthey,theywerecalled“LakePoets”sinceallofthemlivedintheLakeDistrictandadmirednatureverymuch.Byron,KeatsandShellyareallwell-knownfiguresinthisperiod.JaneAustenwastheonlyfamouswomannovelist,withhergracefulnovels,likeSenseandSensibility,PrideandPrejudice,andEmma.
TheromanticperiodshadesgraduallyintotheVictorianage,whichtakesitsnamefromQueenVictoria.Shecametothethronein1837andreigneduntil1901.Historicalandphilosophicalwritingcontinuedtoflourishalongwithpoetryandfiction.Atthesametime,satireandprotestagainstevilsinsocietybecamestrongelements.AmongthefamousnovelistsofthetimewerethecriticalrealistslikeCharlesDickens,WilliamMakepeaceThackeray,andBrontesisters.InCharlesDickens’novels,hecombinesararecomicgiftandapowertoreducethereaderstotears.ThomasHardylivedwellintothe20thcentury,butdidhismajorworkasanovelistinthe19thcentury,asapoethebelongstothe20th.
20thcenturyisthemostdifficulttosummarize.Ithaswitnessedwarsandrevolutions.AndthepostwareconomicdislocationandspiritualdisillusionproducedaprofoundimpactupontheBritishpeople,whocametoseetheprevalentwretchednessincapitalism.Britainsufferedheavylossesinthewar:
thousandsofpeoplewerekilled;
theeconomywasruined;
andalmostallitsformercolonieswerelost.Thesun-never-setEmpirefinallycollapsed.20thcenturyhasmarkedtheendoftheBritishEmpire.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,variousideasandtheorieshavebeenprintedorpassedon,throughnewspapers,radioandTV.KarlMarxandFriedrichEngelsputforwardthetheoryofscientificsocialism;
Darwin’stheoryofevolutioncausedmanypeopletolosetheirreligiousfaith;
thesocialDarwinism,underthecoverof“survivalofthefittest”,stronglyadvocatedcolonialismandjingoism;
Freud’sanalyticalpsychologydrasticallyalteredpeople’sconceptionofhumannature;
FriedrichNietzschewentfurtheragainstrationalismbyadvocatingthedoctrinesofpowerandsupermanandbycompletelyrejectingtheChristianmorality.Allinall,modernismroseoutofskepticismanddisillusionofcapitalism.Newideasinwritingweremixedwiththeold,tofollowthechangingtimes.Themajorthemesofthemodernistliteraturearethedistorted,alienatedandillrelationshipsbetweenmanandnature,manandsociety,manandman,andmanandhimself.Allkindsofliterarytrendsofmodernismappeared:
symbolism,expressionism,surrealism,futurism,Dadaism,imagism,andstreamofconsciousness,TheateroftheAbsurd,blackhumor.Manyoutstandingmenoflettersemerged,JamesJoyce,D·
H·
Lawrence,VirginiaWoolf,E.M.Forster,T.S.Eliot,tonameafew.
II.Requirement
1.Followingeveryunit,therearesomequestions.Thesequestionsmaystimulateyourthinkingandthushelpyouwrite.IbelieveandIaskyoutobelievethatthereareinfactno“rightanswers”,onlymoreorlesspersuasiveones,tomostquestionsaboutliterature—asaboutlife.
2.Everybodyisexpectedtowriteabookreviewonsomefamousworks,likeJaneAusten’sPrideandPrejudice,CharlesDickens’ATaleofTwoCities,ThomasHardy’sTessofD’Urbevilles,CharlotteBronte’sJaneEyre,EmilyBronte’sWutheringHeights,WilliamGolding’sLordoftheFlies,KingsleyAmis’LuckyJim,JohnFowles’TheFrenchLieutenant’swoman,E.M.Forster’sAPassagetoIndia.
3.Everybodyhasachancetogiveanoraldutyreport.Inthefirstturn,youcantalkaboutanythingthatisrelatedtoliterature:
Yourgeneralviewonliterature;
literature’sinfluenceonyou;
yourviewontheliterarycircleorevenChineseliterature;
anyknowledgeablepersonsyou’veevermet.Inthesecondturn,youcanintroduceaBritishnoveltotheclassandgivebriefcommentonthebook.
4.ReadShakespeare’smasterpieceTheMerchantofVenice.Thenwewilldiscussthisplayfromdifferentangles.(Portia—afeminist;
Shylock—awrongedJew;
Antonio—selfishorunselfish;
usurers—cruelcapitalists)
5.Don’tplaytruant.Yourclassperformanceisakeyelementtodecidewhetheryoucanpassthiscourseornot.
Unit1GeoffreyChaucer
ToletthestudentsgettoknowGeoffreyChaucer
ToletthestudentsunderstandthemainideaofTheCanterburyTales
Thebackgroundoftheauthor’stime
ThemainideaandthesignificanceofTheCanterburyTales
TogettoknowthegeneralideaofTheCanterburyTales
Togettoknowsomeliteraryterms
1.abouttheauthor
GeoffreyChaucer,the“fatherofEnglishpoetry”andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsofEngland,wasborninLondoninorabouttheyear1340.HeissaidtohavestudiedatOxfordandCambridge.Thepoetdiedonthe25thofOctoberin1400,andwasburiedinWestminsterAbbey.
Chaucer’slanguage,nowcalledMiddleEnglish,isvividandexact.ThoughdrawinginfluencefromFrench,ItalianandLatinmodels,heisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteintheEnglishlanguage.HisproductionofsomuchexcellentpoetrywasanimportantfactorinestablishingEnglishastheliterarylanguageofthecountry.ThespokenEnglishofthetimeconsistedofseveraldialects,andChaucerdidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech..
乔叟出生于伦敦一家富裕的中产阶级家庭,父亲是酒商兼皮革商。
乔叟可能上过牛津大学或剑桥大学。
1357年进入宫廷,任英王爱德华三世的儿媳阿尔斯特伯爵夫人身边的少年侍从。
1359年,随爱德华三世出征法国,被法军俘虏,后被爱德华赎回。
1366年,乔叟和菲莉帕结婚。
菲莉帕的妹妹后来嫁给爱德华的次子兰开斯特公爵,乔叟因而受到兰开斯特公爵的保护。
同时,乔叟也是爱德华三世的侍从骑士。
1369年,兰开斯特公爵贡特约翰的元配夫人布兰希逝世,乔叟写了悼亡诗《公爵夫人的书》(1369~1370)来安慰他的保护人。
1370至1378年之间,乔叟经常出国访问欧洲大陆,执行外交谈判任务。
他曾两度访问意大利(1372~1373;
1378),这对他的文学创作起了极为重要的作用。
他发现了但丁、薄伽丘和彼特拉克的作品,这些作品深刻地影响了他的创作,使他从接受法国文学传统转向接受意大利文学传统。
从1374年开始,乔叟担任了一些公职。
他先被任命为伦敦港口羊毛、皮革关税总管(1374~1386),后来被英王理查二世任命为皇室修建大臣(1389~1391),主管维修公共建筑、公园、桥梁等。
乔叟还担任过肯特郡的治安官(1386),并当选为代表肯特郡的国会议员(1386)。
后来乔叟还担任过管理萨默塞特郡皇家森林的森林官(1391)。
乔叟于1400年10月25日在伦敦逝世,葬于威斯敏斯特教堂里的“诗人之角”。
乔叟把属于中古英语的东中部方言(伦敦方言)提高成为英国的文学语言。
他又善于继承和吸收法国诗人和意大利诗人的诗歌技巧,并且运用这些技巧来丰富和提高英诗的表达能力。
乔叟的最早的作品之一是他翻译的法文诗《玫瑰传奇》(1370)。
这个英译本的前1,700行诗一般公认为
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- 英国文学选读 英国文学 选读 教案
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