全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语Word文件下载.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语Word文件下载.docx
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[B]aswellas
[C]onbehalfof
[D]withregardto
2.[A]adaptto
[B]providefor
[C]competewith
[D]decideon
3.[A]close
[B]renew
[C]arrange
[D]postpone
4.
[A]Intheory
[B]Aboveall
[C]Intime
[D]Forexample
5.[A]Although
[B]Lest
[C]After
[D]Unless
6.
[A]into
[B]within
[C]from
[D]through
7.[A]sine
[B]or
[C]but
[D]so
8.[A]test
[B]copy
[C]recite
[D]create
9.[A]folding
[B]piling
[C]wrapping
[D]tying
10.[A]lighting
[B]passing
[C]hiding
[D]serving
11.[A]meeting
[B]association
[C]collection
[D]union
12.[A]grow
[B]part
[C]deal
[D]live
13.[A]whereas
[B]until
[C]for
[D]if
14.
[A]obtain
[B]follow
[C]challenge
[D]avoid
15.[A]isolated
[B]persuaded
[C]viewed
[D]exposed
16.[A]wherever
[B]however
[C]whenever
[D]whatever
17.[A]changed
[B]brought
[C]shaped
[D]pushed
18.
[A]divided
[B]invested
[C]donated
[D]withdrawn
19.[A]clears
[B]warms
[C]shows
[D]breaks
20.
[A]while
[B]sowhat
[C]once
[D]inthat
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwoman.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.
Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat"
inciteexcessivethinness"
bypromotingextremedieting.
Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupwithimpingingonhealth.That'
sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarringthemselvestohealth-assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmovetakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.
Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowoman(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbeorbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosinezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.
TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymesscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.
Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardformodelsandfashionimagesthererelymoreonpearpressureforenforcement.
IncontrasttoFrance'
sactions,Denmark'
sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalcharterclearlystates,weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople.Thecharter'
smaintollofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagen.Fashionweek,whichismenbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.
Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.
21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?
[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined
[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed
[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive
[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline
22.Thephrase"
impingingon"
(Line2Para2)isclosestinmeaningto
[A]heighteningthevalueof
[B]indicatingthestateof
[C]losingfaithin
[D]doingharmto
23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry
[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed
[B]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark
[C]Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure
[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse
24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor
[A]settingperfectphysicalconditions
[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodels'
character
[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors
[D]pursuingahighagethresholdformodels
25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?
[A]AchallengetotheFashionIndustry'
sBodyIdeals
[B]ADilemmaforthestarvingmodelsinFrance
[C]JustAnotherRoundofstruggleforbeauty
[D]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry
Text2
Forthefirsttimeinthehistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate"
thecountryside"
alongsidetheroyalfamily.ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakethemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.
AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave"
thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever"
.Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience"
arefreshingair"
.Hill'
spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon'
tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.
Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.TheConservatives'
planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,
evenauthorizing"
off-plan"
buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilentonlyusensingitschance,hassideswiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItscampaigntoprotectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalconservativeparties.
Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhousesfactoriesandofficesiswherepeopleareincitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroyedrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfofmillionhousesintheLandonareaalonewithnointrusionongreenbelts.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.Theideathat"
housingcrisis"
equals"
concretedmeadows"
ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthemunderlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?
Developmentshouldbeplanned,notlettrip,AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope'
smostcrowedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenableittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative-thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepol
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