高考英语总复习Section 13 阅读补全七选五Word文档格式.docx
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高考英语总复习Section 13 阅读补全七选五Word文档格式.docx
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5.“七选五”的解题策略
(1)从意思上判断
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子,明白这几句话的确切意思,然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。
在读懂意思的基础上,利用线索词等进一步确认答案。
(2)从词汇上锁定线索
做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感,最主要的线索词是空白前后的名词和动词,寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。
其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词。
尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下,利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。
(3)从关联词上查找
由于英语的句、段之间经常会运用关联词或某些具有关联作用的副词表示衔接和过渡,使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯,因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。
在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。
例如,表示并列或递进关系的词,一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;
表示转折或让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指,但句意对立,或褒贬对立或肯否对立;
表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子,往往会有复述名词出现。
常见的关联词及有关联作用的副词或短语如下:
1)并列或递进关系:
and,or,also,neither...nor...,either...or...,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,thesame...as,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,inadditionto,whatismore等。
2)因果关系:
because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so...that,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,asaresult,becauseof,inthat,forthisreason,ofcourse等。
3)转折或让步关系:
but,however,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,ratherthan,insteadof,itistruethat,although,though,eventhough,evenif,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof等。
4)时间关系:
afterwards,atfirst,atlast,finally,first,firstly,inthefirstplace,tostartwith,inthemeantime,last,later,next,second,secondly,then,third,thirdly,tobeginwith以及一些具体的时间等。
(4)根据试题所在的不同位置确定不同的解题策略
1)如果问题在段首
①通常是段落主题句。
认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找同义词或其他相关的词,推断出主题句。
②与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。
着重阅读后文第一、二句,锁定线索信息词,然后在选项中查找相关特征词。
通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的,因此这两句间会有某种衔接手段。
③段落间的过渡句。
这时要前瞻后望找启示,即阅读上一段结尾部分(通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来),并结合下一段内容,看所选的答案是否将两段内容连接起来。
2)如果问题在段尾
①空白前的一句或两句是重点语句,重点阅读以锁定关键词。
②通常是结论、概括性语句。
注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信息词,如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语,选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
③与前文是转折或对比关系。
此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的词,同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
④与前文是并列或排比关系。
在这种情况下,通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节,因此根据段落一致性原则,在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词,通常在选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的词或与前文类似的句式结构,或出现同义词等其他信号线索。
前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。
要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句,通常会找到关键的线索词句。
⑤所选答案是引出下一段的内容。
如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联,此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。
认真阅读下一段开头几句,看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。
⑥如果第一段的段尾是空白,要认真阅读,看此处是细节还是主题。
通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题,如果在段尾提出主题,会用一些信号词如转折词引出来,正确答案中应有这样的特征词。
3)如果问题是一整个自然段
①这个段落应该是承上启下,而且自成一体,即有一个段落的中心,因此可重点阅读选项中较长的选项,以此类推直至找到正确答案。
②着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一、两句查找相关的线索,而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头,因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。
③分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性,注意段落间的衔接手段。
将选项代入原文,如果前后内容连贯,符合逻辑,就能得出正确答案。
A
(2016·
全国Ⅰ)Secretcodes(密码)keepmessagesprivate.Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.
Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.__1__Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.
Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.__2__Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”
__3__Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,forexample.Let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135.”
Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.__4__Forexample,“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”__5__However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.
A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.
B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.
C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.
D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.
E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.
F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.
G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.
B
全国Ⅱ)
Agardenthat’sjustrightforyou
Haveyouevervisitedagardenthatseemedjustrightforyou,wheretheatmosphereofthegardenappearedtototalmorethanthesum(总和)ofitsparts?
__1__.Butitdoesn’thappenbyaccident.Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.
•__2__
Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).__3__.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.
•Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemories
Ourmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma’srosegardenandDad’svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat’snotwhat’simportant.__4__—howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou’dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.__5__.Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.
A.Knowwhyyougarden
B.Findagoodplaceforyourowngarden
C.It’sourexperienceofthegardenthatmatters
D.It’sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowers
E.Stillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplants
F.Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,too
G.Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave
C
全国Ⅲ)Everyoneknowsthatfishisgoodforhealth.__1__Butitseemsthatmanypeopledon’tcookfishathome.Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperpersonperyear,butweeattwiceasmuchfishinrestaurantsasathome.Buying,storing,andcookingfishisn’tdifficult.__2__Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway.
__3__Freshfishshouldsmellsweet:
youshouldfeelthatyou’restandingattheocean’sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn’tfresh.__4__Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you’dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon’tcookitimmediately,butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.Frozenfishisn’tastastyasthefreshone.
Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish.__5__First,cleanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices(调料).Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutesifitweighsaboutonepound.(Alargeronewilltakemoretime.)Then,it’sreadytoserve.
A.Donotbuyit.
B.Theeasiestistosteamit.
C.Thisishowyoucandoit.
D.Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.
E.Thefishwillgobadwithinhours.
F.Whenbuyingfish,youshouldfirstsmellit.
G.Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.
D
北京高考)
TheScienceofRisk-Seeking
Sometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.__1__Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?
Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.
Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.__2__Asthequalityofrisk-takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.
Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?
Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.__3__
Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.__4__Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.
__5__Fortherisk-seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.
Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.
A.Italldependsonyourcharacter.
B.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.
C.Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.
D.Thus,thesewell-equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.
E.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.
F.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.
G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.
(2015·
全国Ⅰ)
BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgain
Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.__1__Trustisarisk.Butyoucan’tbesuccessfulwhenthere’salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.
Unfortunately,we’veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe’vebeenstolenfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan’ttrustanymore.__2__It’sunderstandable,butifyou’rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.
●__3__Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.
●__4__Ifyou’vebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere’sadifferencebetweenbeing
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