高中英语语法主语从句讲解及练习Word格式.docx

高中英语语法主语从句讲解及练习Word格式.docx

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三.注意点:

it构成的主语从句

（1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。

Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.

=Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.

Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasnotbeenannounced.

=Ithasnotbeenannouncedwhentheplaneistotakeoff.

（但当what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。

错:

Itisabookwhathewants.

对:

Whathewantsisabook.

另外，需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。

试比较：

ItwasreportedthattheUSwasundertheterroristattack.

Aswasreported,theUSwasundertheterroristattack.

（2）常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构

<

a>

Itis+名词+从句

Itisafactthat…事实是……

Itisgoodnewsthat………是好消息

Itisaquestionthat………是个问题

Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识

类似的名词还有：

apity；

awonder；

agoodthing；

nowonder；

surprise等。

Itisamysterytomehowitallhappened.

Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.

ItisnosurprisethatBobshouldhavewonthegame.

It’sapitythatyoumissedthefilm.

b>

Itis+形容词+从句

Itisnecessarythat…有必要……

Itisclearthat…很清楚……

Itislikelythat…很可能……

Itisimportantthat…重要的是……

类似的形容词还有：

strange;

natural;

obvious;

true;

good;

wonderful;

possible;

unlikely;

quite;

unusual;

certain;

evident;

worth-while;

surprising;

interesting;

astonishing,etc.

Itisdoubtfulwhethershewillbeabletocome.

Itwasreallyastonishingthatherefusedtotalktoyou.

Itisessentialthatheshouldbeherebytheweekend.

Itseemsobviousthatwecannotgoonlikethis.

Itisnecessarythatyou（should）masterthecomputer.

ItisimportantthatastudentlearnEnglishwell.

Itislikelythatahurricanewillarrivesoon.

需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）＋动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。

<

c>

Itis+过去分词+从句

Itissaidthat…据说……

Itisreportedthat…据报道……

Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证明……

Itmustbeprovedthat…必须指出……

类似的过去分词还有：

known;

estimated;

expected;

believed;

thought;

hoped;

noted;

discussed;

required;

decided;

suggested;

demanded;

madeclear;

foundout,etc.

Itisthoughtthatheisthebestplayer.

Itisestimatedthatthevaseis2000yearsold.

Itisusedtobethoughtthatanewstarmustbeduetoacollisionbetweentwostars.

Ithasnotbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadistobeopenedtotraffic.

Itissaidthathewaskilledintheearthquake.

d>

Itseems（happened/appears/doesn’tmatter/makesnodifference/occurred…）that…

Itseemsthattheywillwinthegame.

Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot.

ItdoesnotmatterifImissedmytrain.

IthappenedthatIsawhimyesterday.

主从练习

1._____ 

as 

much 

one-fifth 

of 

all 

timber 

harvested 

is 

not 

used.

A. 

The 

estimate 

B. 

estimated 

C. 

They 

are 

D. 

It 

that

2. 

_____ 

some 

mammalscame 

to 

live 

in 

the 

sea 

known.

Which 

B. 

Since 

Although 

D. 

How 

3. 

we 

have 

achieved 

attributed 

guidance 

our 

parents.

Whoever 

Whatever 

However 

That 

4. 

wealthy 

does 

necessarily 

mean 

that 

a 

man 

greedy.

For 

reason 

he 

Just 

because 

being 

5. 

___ 

happened 

this 

developed 

country 

sounds 

like 

science 

fiction, 

it 

could 

occurelsewhere 

world.

which 

what 

how 

it

6. 

she 

had 

forgotten 

take 

her 

notebook.

occurred 

She 

To 

7. 

I 

am 

sure 

said 

wrong.

what

8. 

We 

lost 

way 

forest, 

and 

____ 

made 

matters 

worse 

was 

getting 

dark.

What

9. 

or 

still 

uncertain.

He’s 

coming 

If 

C. 

Whether 

he’s 

coming

10. 

It’s 

he’ll 

be 

able 

come.

doubt 

whether 

doubtful 

11. 

______ 

at 

work 

heart 

big 

city 

home 

quiet 

suburb, 

Dick’s 

life 

tied 

machines.

Till 

Unless

12. 

saw 

both 

surprised 

frightened 

him.

When 

What 

Which

13. 

warm 

sunshine.

do 

need. 

need 

need

14. 

pity 

should 

feel 

so 

upset. 

He 

It

15. 

spoonful 

soil 

can 

tell 

us 

about 

structure 

early 

history 

moon.

Remarkable 

Quite 

remarkably 

remarkable 

fact 

16. 

you 

nominate 

will 

elected. 

Who 

Whom 

Whomever 

That’s 

17. 

book 

borrow 

must 

returned 

within 

week.

Whichever 

18. 

gets 

first 

starts 

cooking.

Anyone

1.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.

A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever

2.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.

A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for

3.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.

A.isnotknownB.arenotknown

C.hasnotknownD.havenotknown

4.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.

A.Becauseshewasafewminuteslate

B.Owingtoafewminuteslate

C.Thefactthatshewasafewminuteslate

D.Beingafewminuteslate

5.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.

A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpected

C.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected

6.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.

A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...does

7.It________Bobdrivesbadly.

A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat

8.It'

suncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.

A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how

9.________theboydidn'

ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.

A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which

10.____wecan'

tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.

A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what

11.____youdon'

tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.

A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether

12..____we'

llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where

13._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.

A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who

14._______we'

llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.

A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That

15.______hewon'

tgothereiscleartoallofus.

A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This

16.______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'

smeeting.

A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What

17._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.

A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether

18._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.

A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody

19._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.

A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How

20.Whoisthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

21.Isthisfactoryyouvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

22.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.

A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who

表语从句

1、概述

用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。

引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、asthough（if）；

关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；

关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等。

可以接表语从句的连系动词由be,look,remain,seem等。

That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。

Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困难是我们资金短缺。

ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。

Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'

tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

2、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。

that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。

这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question（问题），trouble（麻烦），problem（问题），result（结果），chance（可能性），suggestion（建议），idea（想法），reason（理由）等。

表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。

Thetroubleis（that）shehaslosthismoney.麻烦的事是他丢了钱。

Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。

Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。

Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。

3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。

关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever