当代物流学答案第一章Word文档格式.docx
- 文档编号:22684174
- 上传时间:2023-02-05
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:36
- 大小:26.81KB
当代物流学答案第一章Word文档格式.docx
《当代物流学答案第一章Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《当代物流学答案第一章Word文档格式.docx(36页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
1.Diditsurpriseyouthatlogisticscanbesuchanimportantcomponentinacountry’seconomicsystem?
Whyorwhynot?
Theanswertothisquestionlikelydependsonastudent’spriorexposuretologistics.A“typical”studentinanundergraduatebasiclogisticscourselikelyhashadlimitedexposuretoandknowledgeaboutlogisticsandthuswouldlikelybeunawareastologistics’impactonacountry’seconomicsystem.Assuch,she/hemightbepleasantlysurprisedtolearnthatlogisticsoftenaccountsforatleast10%ofacountry’sGDPandalsoisimportantforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment.
2.Distinguishbetweenpossession,form,time,andplaceutility.
Possessionutilityreferstothevalueorusefulnessthatcomesfromacustomerbeingabletotakepossessionofaproductandcanbeinfluencedbytherelevantpaymentterms.Formutilityreferstoaproduct’sbeinginaformthat
(1)canbeusedbythecustomerand
(2)isofvaluetothecustomer.Timeutilityreferstohavingproductsavailablewhentheyareneededbycustomerswhileplaceutilityreferstohavingproductsavailablewheretheyareneededbycustomers.
3.Howdoeslogisticscontributetotimeandplaceutility?
Logisticscontributestotimeutilitybyrecognizingthatdifferentproductshavedifferentsensitivitiestotime.Forexample,athree-daylatedeliveryofbananaslikelyhasmoreseriousconsequencesthanathree-daylatedeliveryofaboxofpencils.Asforplaceutility,logisticsfacilitatesproductsbeingmovedfrompointsoflesservaluetopointsofgreatervalue.
4.Howcanaparticularlogisticssystembeeffectivebutnotefficient?
Effectivenesscanbethoughtofas“howwellacompanydoeswhattheysaythey’regoingtodo;
”efficiencyfocusesonhowwell(orpoorly)companyresourcesareusedtoachievewhatacompanypromisestheycando.Thereareamultitudeofexamplesthatwouldillustrateaneffective,butnotefficient,logisticssystem.Forexample,somecompaniesroutinelyusepremiumand/orexpeditedtransportation—whichincreasetransportationcosts—tomeetcustomerdeliveryrequirements.Assuch,thecompanycouldbeconsideredeffective(meetingdeliverydeadlines)butperhapsnotefficient(increasedtransportationcosts).
5.Explainthesignificanceofthefactthatthepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.
Onereasonforthissignificanceisthatmeetingcustomerrequirementsmeansthatcompaniesmustknow—ratherthanassume—customerneedsandwants.Thisknowledgeisfacilitatedbycommunicationbetweencompaniesandtheircustomers.Eventodaysomecompaniesarehesitanttocommunicatewithcustomers.Inaddition,meetingcustomerrequirementsmeansthata“onesizefitsall”approachtologisticswillresultinsomecustomersbeingoverservedandothersbeingunderserved.Asaresult,companiesshouldconsidera“tailoredlogistics”approach,wheregroupsofcustomerswithsimilarlogisticalneedsandwantsareprovidedwiththeappropriatelogisticalservices.
6.Explainhowanunderstandingoflogisticsmanagementcouldberelevanttoyourfavoritecharitableorganization.
Thereareanynumberofexamplesthatcanbeused.ConsidertheAsiantsunamioflate2004.Inarelativelyshorttime,avarietyofhumanitarianorganizations,withthehelpofprivatesectorcompanies,wereabletogetreliefsuppliesaswellasfoodandmedicineintotheregionanddistributethemtotheaffectedpopulation.
7.Discussthreereasonsforwhylogisticshasbecomemoreimportantsince1980.
Onereasonfortheincreasedimportanceoflogisticsinvolvesareductionineconomicregulation.Thisallowedindividualcarriersflexibilityintermsofpricingandserviceandprovidedthemwithanopportunitytobreakawayfroma“onesizefitsall”approach.Second,changesinconsumerbehavior,suchasanincreasingnumberofmarketsegments,necessitateflexibleratherthanrigidlogisticssystems.Third,technologicaladvanceshaveallowedlogisticianstomakefaster,moreinformed,andmoreaccuratedecisions.Thechapteralsodiscussesthegrowingpowerofretailersandglobalizationoftradeasreasonsfortheincreasedimportanceoflogistics.
8.Whichreasonfortheincreasedimportanceoflogisticsdoyoubelieveismostimportant?
Why?
Thereisnosingleanswerhere.Studentscanoffercompellingsupportforanyoneofthefivereasons—areductionineconomicregulation;
changesinconsumerbehavior;
technologicaladvances;
growingpowerofretailers;
globalizationoftrade—presentedinthechapter.Forexample,areductionineconomicregulationhasallowedcarrierstoofferdifferentpricing-serviceoptionstodifferentcustomers,whichisimportantbecausedifferentcustomersaretryingtoachievedifferentobjectiveswiththeirlogisticalsystems.
9.Whataresomepracticalimplicationsoftheideathatonelogisticssystemdoesnotfitallcompanies?
Theideathatonelogisticssystemdoesnotfitallcompaniesisderivedfromthefactthatlogisticalgoalsandobjectivesshouldbecompatiblewiththeoverallgoalsandobjectivesofaparticularcompany.Onebasicimplicationisthatdifferentcompaniesshouldhavedifferentlogisticalstrategiesandtactics—andthesestrategiesandtacticsshouldreflectacompany’sgoalsandobjectives.Assuch,acompanyfocusingoncostcontainmentshouldhavedifferentlogisticsstrategiesandtacticsthanacompanyfocusingonsuperiorcustomerservice.Forinstance,acompanyconcernedwithcostcontainmentmightpurchaseanextremelylargequantityinordertoreceivecostsavings.Thisdecisionimpactswarehousingandtransportationinthesensethatthecompanywilllikelyneedagreatdealofstoragespaceandwilllikelyutilizevolume-orientedtransportationproviders.Additionalimplicationscanbeoffered.
10.Distinguishbetweeninboundlogistics,materialsmanagement,andphysicaldistribution.
Inboundlogisticsreferstothemovementandstorageofmaterialsintoafirm;
materialsmanagementreferstothemovementandstorageofmaterialsandcomponentswithinafirm;
physicaldistributionreferstothestorageoffinishedproductandmovementtothecustomer.
11.Whatisthesystemsapproachtoproblemsolving?
Howisthisconceptapplicabletologisticsmanagement?
Thesystemsapproachtoproblemsolvingsuggeststhatacompany’sobjectivescanberealizedbyrecognizingthemutualinterdependenceofthemajorfunctionalareassuchasmarketing,production,finance,andlogistics.Assuch,decisionsmadebyonefunctionalareacanhaveimportantimplicationsfortheotherfunctionalareas.Withrespecttologistics,thesystemsapproachsuggeststhatoneshouldrecognizethemutualinterdependenceofthevariousactivitiesthatconstitutethelogisticsfunction.Thus,atransportationdecisionmayimpactinventory,warehousing,andpackaging,amongothers.
12.Explainwhatismeantbythetotalcostapproachtologistics.
Thetotalcostapproachtologisticsisbuiltonthepremisethatallrelevantactivitiesinmovingandstoringproductsshouldbeconsideredasawhole(i.e.,theirtotalcost)andnotindividually.Useofthetotalcostapproachrequiresanunderstandingofcosttradeoffs.Inotherwords,changestoonelogisticsactivitycausesomecoststoincreaseandotherstodecrease.Thekeytothetotalcostapproachisthatallrelevantcostitemsareconsideredsimultaneouslywhenmakingadecision.Theobjectiveistofindtheapproachwiththelowesttotalcostthatsupportstheorganization’scustomerservicerequirements.
13.Definewhatismeantbyacosttrade-off.Doyoubelievethatthisconceptisworkable?
Acosttrade-offacknowledgesthatchangingpatternsoractivitiesofdistributionwillresultinsomecostsincreasingandothercostsdecreasing.Theneteffect,however,shouldbeanoverallcostdecreaseforprovidingagivenlevelofcustomerservice.
Theremainderofthequestionasksthestudentforher/hisopinionabouttheworkabilityofthisconcept.Althoughnearlyanyanswerisacceptable,thosestudentswhobelievethatcosttrade-offsareunworkablemighthavedifficultywithmanyoftheconceptspresentedthroughoutthetext.
14.Whatareseveralareasinwhichfinanceandlogisticsmightinterface?
Thefinancedepartmentisofteninchargeofcapitalbudgetingdecisionsthatwouldaffectlogistics,suchasmaterialshandlingandpackagingequipment.Anotherpotentialareaoffinance/logisticsinterfaceiswithrespecttoinventory.Keyissuesincludeinventoryvaluation,inventoryfloat,andthefactthatfinancetendstoviewinventoryfromadollarperspectivewhilelogisticstendstobemoreconcernedwiththenumberofunitsofinventory.
15.Brieflydiscusseachofthefourbasicaspectsofthemarketingmixandhoweachinterfaceswiththelogisticsfunction.Inyouropinion,whichcomponentofthemarketingmixrepresentsthemostimportantinterfacewithlogistics?
Thefourbasicaspectsofthemarketingmixareplace,price,product,andpromotion.Withrespecttoplace,akeyconcernistoprovideacertainproductattherighttime,intherightquantities,andinanundamagedcondition.Akeycomponentofthepricingdecisioninvolvestransportationcostfactors.Althoughmarketerstendtopreferdeliveredpricingsystems,suchsystemscreatelogisticalchallengesinthesensethatthesellerbecomesresponsibleforproductdistribution.Productdecisionshavebeencomplicatedinrecentyearsbyamarkedincreaseinproductofferings.Althoughtheseincreasedofferingsallowforgreatercustomerchoice,theycreatelogisticalchallengesintermsofidentification,storage,andt
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 当代物流学 答案第一章 当代 物流 答案 第一章