全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案详细解析Word格式.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案详细解析Word格式.docx
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1.[A]bywayof[B]withregardto[C]onbehalfof[D]aswellas
2.[A]decideon[B]providefor[C]competewith[D]adaptto
3.[A]close[B]arrange[C]renew[D]postpone
4.[A]Intheory[B]Aboveall[C]Intime[D]Forexample
5.[A]Unless[B]Lest[C]After[D]Although
6.[A]into[B]within[C]from[D]through
7.[A]or[B]since[C]but[D]so
8.[A]test[B]copy[C]recite[D]create
9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying
10.[A]passing[B]lighting[C]hiding[D]serving
11.[A]association[B]meeting[C]collection[D]union
12.[A]deal[B]part[C]grow[D]live
13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]for[D]if
14.[A]avoid[B]follow[C]challenge[D]obtain
15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed
16.[A]wherever[B]whatever[C]whenever[D]however
17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed
18.[A]invested[B]divided[C]donated[D]withdrawn
19.[A]warms[B]clears[C]shows[D]breaks
20.[A]while[B]sothat[C]once[D]inthat
Text1
France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat“inciteexcessivethinness”bypromotingextremedieting.
Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That’sastartAndthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath–assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.
Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.
TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovemment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.
Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.
IncontrasttoFrance’sactions,Denmark’sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:
”Weawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpacttheideals,especiallyonyoungpeople”.Thecharter’smaintoolofenforcementis(CFW),whichisrunbytheDanish
21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?
【A】Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.
【B】Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.
【C】Wcbsitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.
【D】Thefanshingindustrywoulddecline.
22.Thephrase“impingingon”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto
【A】heighteningthevalueof.
【B】indicatingthestateof.
【C】losingfaithin.
【D】doingharmto.
23.Whichofthefollowingistrueodthefashionindustry?
【A】TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.
【B】NewstandrdsarebeingsetinDenmark.
【C】Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.
【D】Itsinberentproblermaaregettingwotse.
Text2
Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry,InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate”thecountryside”alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthSerivce(NHS)atwhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.
AcenturyagoOctaviaHillLaunchedthenationaltrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave“thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever”Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspaceforleisurewheretheycouldexperience“arefreshingair.”Hillispressurelaterledtocreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon’tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.itneedsconstantguardianship.
Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.Theconservativesplanningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorsing“off-plan”buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.Theliberaldemocratsaresilent.Onlyukip,sensingitschance,hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.itsCampaigntoprotectruralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalconservativeparties.
Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare,incitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsstirlingackroydrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfamillionhousesintheLondonareaalone,withnointrusionongreenbelt.whatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.
Theideathat”housingcrisis”equals“concretedmeadows”ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobbypressure,GeorgeOsboynefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-town,shoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownandvillageshavegrownandwill
26Britainispublicsentimentaboutthecountryside
AhasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS
Bdidn’tstarttilltheShakespeareanage
Cisfullybackedbytheroyalfamily
Disnotwellreflectedinpolitics
27AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeing
Agraduallydestroyed
Beffectivelyreinforced
Cproperlyprotected
Dlargelyovershadowed
28whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?
AUkipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation
Btheconservativesmayabandon”off-plan“building
Ctheliberaldemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence
Dlabourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment
29theauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborneispreference
Arevealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas
Bshowshisdisregardforcharacterofruralareas
Cstressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis
Dhighlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure
30inthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciationof
AthesizeofpopulationinBritain
BtheenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain
Cthetown-and-countryplanninginBritain
DthepoliticallifeintodayisBritain
Text4
TherewilleventurallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactllywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.”Sometimeinthefuture”,thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2010.
Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there’splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper—printingpresses,deliverytrucks-isn’tjustexpensive;
it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintaway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarfthireonlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.
Overwaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprinteditionwouldbeamistake,sayBuzzFeedCEOJoahPeretti.
PeretisaystheTimeshould’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,
Butonlyiftheygoaboutittherightway.”Fightingoutofawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseofthem,”hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit“you’regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.”
Sometimes,that’sworthmakingachangeanyway.
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