辅助数据盾构机运作设备Word文档格式.docx
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辅助数据盾构机运作设备Word文档格式.docx
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Accordingtotheshape,inadditiontothetypicalrectangular,singlecylinder,doublecircleappearedagaininrecentyears,thethreeisomericformcircleandcircle,etc.Theyhavecertaindifferencesincomposition.Amongthem,thesoilpressuretypesinglecircularshieldmachineisusedwidelyinourcountry.Itismainlycomposedoftheshieldbody(includingtheknifedish,etc.),segmentspellafterinstalled,rowsoilbody,formacompletesetofequipment,electricalequipment,dataacquisitionsystem,theSLS-Tlaserguidingsystemandotherauxiliaryequipment.
1.2激光导向系统的组成
1.2laserguidancesystem
激光导向系统是综合运用测绘技术、激光传感技术、计算机技术以及机械电子等技术指导盾构隧道施工的有机体系。
其组成(见图1:
激光全站仪(激光发射源和角度、距离及坐标量测设备)和黄盒子(信号传输和供电装置);
激光接收靶(ELSTarget,内置光栅和两把竖向测角仪)、棱镜(ELSPrism)和定向点(ReferenceTarget);
盾构机主控室(TBMControlCabin):
由程控计算机(预装隧道掘进软件,具有显示和操作面板)、控制盒、网络传输Modem和可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)四部分组成;
油缸杆伸长量测量(ExtensionMeasurement)装置等。
其中,隧道掘进软件是盾构机激光导向系统的核心。
Laserguidingsystemistheintegrateduseofsurveyingandmappingtechnology,lasersensortechnology,computertechnologyandmechanicalandelectricaltechnicalguidancesystemofshieldtunnelconstruction.Itscomposition(seefigure1:
thetotalstationlaser(lasersourceandAngle,distanceandthecoordinatemeasuringequipment)andtheyellowbox(signaltransmissionandpowersupplyunit);
laserreceivingTarget(ELSTarget,built-ingratingandtwoverticalgoniometer),Prism(ELS)Prismandorientationpoints(ReferenceTarget);
themasterControlroomofshieldmachine(TBMControlCabin):
byprogrammablecomputer(tunnelingpre-installedsoftware,displayandoperationpanel),Controlbox,networktransmissionModemandprogrammablelogiccontroller(PLC)offourparts;
theoilcylinderrodelongationMeasurement(Extension)Measurementdevices,etc.Amongthem,thetunneldrivagesoftwareisthecoreofthelaserguidancesystemofshieldmachine.
2激光导向系统和盾构机控制测量在盾构施工中的地位和作用
2laserguidancesystemofshieldmachineandthepositionandroleofthecontrolsurveyinshieldtunnelconstruction
地铁盾构法施工过程如图3所示。
在隧道掘进模式下,激光导向系统是实时动态监测和调整盾构机的掘进状态,保持盾构机沿设计隧道轴线前进的吊车工具之一。
在整个盾构施工过程中,激光导向系统起着极其重要的作用:
Thesubwayshieldmethodconstructionprocessisshowninfigure3.Intunnelingmode,thelaserguidancesystemisthereal-timedynamicmonitoringandadjustmentofshieldmachinedrivingstate,keeptheshieldconstructionmachinealongthetunnelaxisisoneofthetools.Duringtheentireprocessofshieldconstruction,laserguidancesystemplaysanextremelyimportantrole:
(1)在显示面板上动态显示盾构机轴线相对于隧道设计轴线的准确位置,报告掘进状态石英壁布;
并在一定模式下,自动调整或指导操作者人工调整盾构机掘进的姿态,使盾构机沿接近隧道设计轴线掘进。
(1)dynamicdisplayonthedisplaypanelofshieldmachineaxisrelativetothetunnelaxisdesignofaccurateposition,reportsthestatusoftunneling(seefigure2);
Andinacertainmode,theautomaticadjustmentortoguidetheoperatormanualofshieldmachinedrivingattitude,makethedesignofshieldmachinealongclosetothetunnelaxisdriving.
(2)获取各环掘进姿态及最前端已装环片状态,指导环片安装。
(2)foreachringtunnelingpostureandthefronthasbeenassemblingstate,guideringplateinstallation.
(3)通过标准的隧道设计几何元素自动计算隧道的理论轴线坐标。
(3)throughastandardtheoryoftunneldesigngeometryelementsautomaticallycalculatingtunnelaxisofcoordinates.
(4)和地面电脑相连,对盾构机的掘进姿态进行远程实时监控。
(4)andthegroundcomputerconnectedtotheshieldmachinetunnelingpostureforremotereal-timemonitoring.
从盾构施工基本过程(图3)可以看出,激光导向系统不能够独立完成导向任务,在盾构机始发、该系统启用之前,还需要做一些辅助工作:
首先,激光全站仪首次设站点及其定向点坐标,需用人工测定。
其次必须使用人工测量的方法,对盾构机姿态初值进行精确测定,以便于对激光导向系统中有关初始参数(如激光标靶上棱镜的坐标,内部的光栅初始位置及两竖角测量仪初值等)进行配置。
Fromthebasicprocessofshieldconstruction(figure3)canbeseen,thelaserguidancesystemwillnotbeabletoindependentlyaccomplishorientedtasks,beforethecommissioningoftheshieldmachine,fromthesystem,youneedtodosomesupplementarywork:
first,thelasertotalstationsiteandorientationpointscoordinates,forthefirsttimeneedtouseartificialmeasurement.Secondmustuseartificialmeasuremethod,shieldposturetotheinitialvalueforprecisemeasurement,sothatthelaserguidancesystemintheinitialparameters(suchaslaserprismonthetargetcoordinates,theinternalinitialpositionandtwoverticalAnglemeasuringinstrumentofgratinginitialvalue,etc.)areconfigured.
盾构机姿态是指盾构机前端刀盘中心(以下简称“刀头”)三维坐标和盾构机筒体中心轴线在三个相互垂直平面内的转角等参数。
盾构机姿态除了可以通过人工测量、单独解算方式获得外,还可以由导向系统实时、自动地获取。
用人工测量方式获得盾构机姿态的过程,被称作“盾构机控制测量”。
盾构机控制测量的另一个作用是:
在盾构机掘进过程的间隙,对激光导向系统采集的盾构机姿态参数进行检核,对激光导向系统中有关配置参数进行校正。
Shieldfrontendshieldposturereferstothecuttercenter(hereinafterreferredtoasthe"
head"
)three-dimensionalcoordinates,andshieldconstructionmachinecylinderaxiscenteronthreeparameterssuchasAnglewithintheperpendicularplane.Shieldpostureinadditiontoartificialmeasurement,calculationalonemaybeabletogetoutside,alsocanbeobtainedbytheguidancesysteminrealtimeandautomatically.Withartificialmeasuremethodtoobtaintheattitudeoftheshieldmachineprocess,knownas"
shieldmachinecontrolsurvey"
.Shieldmachinecontrolsurveyofanotherroleis:
duringtheprocessofshieldtunnelinggap,acquisitionoflaserguidancesystemofshieldmachinetocheckpostureparameters,andtherelevantconfigurationparameterinthelaserguidancesystem.
3盾构机激光导向系统原理:
Threeprinciplesoflaserguidancesystemofshieldmachine:
3.1盾构机激光导向系统涉及的坐标系
3.1laserguidancesystemofshieldmachinecoordinatesystem
为了阐明激光导向系统的原理,首先介绍一些与盾构机及隧道有关的坐标系(见图4):
Toillustratetheprincipleoflaserguidingsystem,firstintroducedsomerelatedwiththeshieldmachineandthetunnelofthecoordinatesystem(seefigure4):
(1)地面直角坐标系(O-XYZ):
简称地面坐标系,根据隧道中线设计而定,一般为地方坐标系。
洞内(外)控制点、测站点、后视点以及隧道中线坐标,均用该系坐标表示。
(1)thegroundrightAnglecoordinatesystem(O-XYZ),referredtoas"
thegroundcoordinatesystem,accordingtothedesignoftunnelCentralLineanddecide,generalforthelocalcoordinatesystem.Holeinside(outside)controlpoints,sitemeasurement,aftertheviewpointsandtunnelCentralLinecoordinates,areexpressedindepartmentcoordinates.
(2)盾构机坐标系(F-xyz):
在盾构机水平放置且未发生旋转的情况下,以盾构机刀头中心前端切点为原点,以盾构机中心纵轴为x轴,由盾尾指向刀头为正向;
以竖直向上的方向线为z轴,y轴沿水平方向与x、z轴构成左手系。
盾构机坐标系是连同盾构机一起运动的独立直角坐标系。
盾构机尾部中心参考点、盾构机棱镜等相对盾构机的位置都以此系坐标表示,这些坐标由盾构机制造商测定并给出。
(2)shieldmachinecoordinatesystem(F-xyz):
theshieldconstructionmachinehorizontalandwithoutrotationoccurs,frontendtangentpointatthecenteroftheshieldmachinecutterfortheorigin,theverticalaxisatthecenteroftheshieldmachineastheX-axis,theshieldtailpointinginthedirectionofcuttingheadispositive;
Lineintheverticaldirection,asthezaxis,yaxisalongthehorizontaldirectionandxandzaxisislefthand.Shieldmachinecoordinatesystemisalongwiththeshieldconstructionmachineindependentrectangularcoordinatesystemofthemovement.Shieldtailshieldprismcenterreferencepoint,relativetothelocationoftheshieldconstructionmachinesuchasthisdepartmentcoordinates,accordingtothesecoordinatesmeasurementisgivenbytheshieldconstructionmachinemanufacturers.
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