上海市各区高三英语一模汇编选词填空学生版已经校对文档格式.docx
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上海市各区高三英语一模汇编选词填空学生版已经校对文档格式.docx
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H.objective
I.desperately
J.balance
K.compared
WhyAren’tWomenHappier?
Whyaren’twomenhappierthesedays?
That’sthequestionraisedbyathought-provokingstudy,TheParadoxofDecliningFemaleHappiness,__31__lastmonth.Theresearchshowedthatoverthepast35yearswomen’shappinesshasdeclined,both__32__tothepastandrelativetomeneventhoughthelivesofwomenintheUShaveimprovedinrecentdecadesbymost__33__measures.
Theresearch,byUniversityofPennsylvaniaeconomistsStevensonandWolfers,andmade__34__bytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch,foundthedeclineinhappinesstobewidespreadamongwomenacrossavarietyofdemographic(人口统计的)groups.Theresearchers,forinstance,measuredsimilardeclinesinhappinessamongwomenwhoweresingleparentsandmarriedparents,“__35__doubtonthehypothesis(假设)thattrendsinmarriageanddivorce,singleparenthoodorwork/family__36__areattherootofthehappinessdeclinesamongwomen,”theywrote.
Onetheoryforthedeclineinhappinessisthatexpectationsforworkplaceandgeneraladvancementwereraisedtoohighbythewomen’smovementandwomenmightfeel__37__fornot“havingitall,”asaLosAngelesTimescolumnistrecentlyputit.Theresearchersacknowledgethat’sa__38__:
“Ifthewomen’smovementraisedwomen’sexpectationsfasterthansocietywasabletomeetthem,”thepapersays,“theywouldbemorelikelytoexperience__39__intheirlives.”Buttheyaddthingscouldchangeforthebetter:
“Aswomen’sexpectationsmoveintoadjustmentwiththeirexperiences,thisdeclineinhappinessmayreverse.”
Readers,whydoyouthinkwomenareunhappierthaninthepast?
Doyouthinkthatifexpectationsfor“havingitall”were__40__to“moveintoadjustmentwithexperiences,”womenmightbehappier?
Two
A.administered
B.assess
C.evaluating
D.externally
E.improperly
F.life-threatening
G.measures
H.original
I.preexisting
J.principles
K.vital
FirstAid:
DifferencebetweenDeathandLife
Firstaidisemergencycareforavictimofsuddenillnessorinjuryuntilmoreskillfulmedicaltreatmentisavailable.Itmaysavealifeorimprovecertain___31___signsincludingpulse,temperature,andbreathing.Firstaidmustbe___32___asquicklyaspossible.Inthecaseofthecriticallyinjured,afewminutescanmakethedifferencebetweencompleterecoveryandlossoflife.
First-aid___33___dependuponavictim’sneedsandtheprovider’slevelofknowledgeandskill.Knowingwhatnottodoinanemergencyisasimportantasknowingwhattodo.Forexample,___34___movingapersonwithaneckinjurycanleadtopermanenthealthproblems.
Despitethevarietyofinjuriespossible,several___35___offirstaidapplytoallemergencies.Thefirststepistocallforprofessionalmedicalhelp.Thevictim,ifconscious,shouldbereassuredthatmedicalaidhasbeenrequested,andaskedforpermissiontoprovideanyfirstaid.Next,___36___thescene,askingotherpeopleortheinjuredperson’sfamilyorfriendsaboutdetailsoftheinjuryorillness,anycarethatmayhavealreadybeengiven,and___37___conditionssuchashearttrouble.Unlesstheaccidentscenebecomesunsafeorthevictimmaysufferfurtherinjury,donotmovethevictim.
Firstaidrequiresrapidassessmentofvictimstodeterminewhether___38___conditionsexist.Onemethodfor___39___avictim’sconditionisknownbytheacronymABC,whichstandsfor:
A–Airway:
isitopenandclear?
B–Breathing:
isthepersonbreathing?
Look,listenandfeelforbreathing.
C–Circulation:
isthereapulse?
Isthepersonbleeding___40___?
Checkskincolorandtemperatureforadditionalindicationsofcirculationproblems.
Three
A.quickly
B.analyze
C.programmed
D.adoption
E.boredom
F.unaccompanied
G.dramatic
H.transform
I.distracted
J.peacefully
K.prospect
Imagineanurbanneighborhoodwheremostofthecarsareself-driving.Whatwoulditbeliketobeapedestrian?
Actually,prettygood.Infact,pedestriansmightendupwiththerunoftheplace.InanewstudypublishedintheJournalofPlanningEducationandResearch,Millard-Balllooksatthe__31__ofurbanareaswhereamajorityofvehiclesare“autonomous”orself-driving.It’saphenomenonthat’snotasfaroffasonemightthink.
“Autonomousvehicleshavethepotentialto__32__travelbehavior,”Millard-Ballsays.Heusesgametheoryto__33__theinteractionsbetweenpedestriansandself-drivingvehicles,withafocusonyieldingatcrosswalks.
Becauseautonomousvehiclesarebydesignrisk-averse,Millard-Ball'
smodelsuggeststhatpedestrianswillbeabletoactwithimpunity,andhethinksautonomousvehiclesmayfacilitateashifttowardspedestrian-orientedurbanneighborhoods.However,Millard-Ballalsofindsthatthe__34__ofautonomousvehiclesmaybehamperedbytheirstrategicdisadvantagethatslowsthemdowninurbantraffic.
“Pedestriansroutinelyplaythegameofchicken,”Millard-Ballwrites.Crossingthestreet,evenatamarkedcrosswalkwithoutatrafficsignal,requiresaprobabilitycalculation:
whataretheoddsofsurvival?
Thebenefitofcrossingthestreet__35__,insteadofwaitingforagapintraffic,istradedoffagainsttheprobabilityofinjuryorevendeath.Pedestriansknowthatdriversarenotinterestedinrunningthemdown--usually.Butthereisthechanceadrivermaybe__36__,ordrunk.
Self-drivingcarsare__37__toobeytherulesoftheroad,includingwaitingforpedestrianstocross.Theycouldprovidethemost__38__transformationinurbantransportationsystems.Parking,streetdesign,andtransportationservicenetworksarelikelytoberevolutionized.Inhislateststudy,Millard-Ballsuggeststhatthepotentialbenefitsofself-drivingcars--avoiding__39__oftrafficandtrafficaccidents--maybeoutweighedbythedrawbacksofanalwaysplay-it-safevehiclethatslowstrafficforeverybody.
“Fromthepointofviewofapassengerinanautomatedcar,itwouldbelikedrivingdownastreetfilledwith__40__five-year-oldchildren,”Millard-Ballwrites.
Alternatively,plannerscouldseizetheopportunitytocreatemorepedestrian-orientedstreets.Autonomousvehiclescouldstartaneweraofpedestriandomination.
Four
A.attachedB.commerciallyC.expectationsD.managedE.obstacles
F.personalG.positiveH.relativelyI.samplesJ.sensitiveK.shelved
Thisinvention,commonlyusedinofficesandhouseholdsthroughouttheworld,cameaboutasaresultofaseriesofaccidents.In1968SpencerSilver,whowasworkingforacompanycalled3Matthetime,wastryingtoproducesuper-strongadhesive,asubstancemakingthingsstickytogether,tobeusedinthebuildingofplanes.This,however,wasn’tsuccessfulandinsteadhesucceededincreatinganextremelyweakadhesivethatwas
31
topressure.Thisnewadhesivehadtwoadvantages:
itcouldberemovedfromsurfacesquiteeasilyanditcouldbereused.Inspiteofthesetwo
32
features,nobodycouldseeanypracticaluseforit.Intheend,theinventionwas
33
.
Afewyearslater,ArtFry,aproductdevelopmentengineerworkingfor3M,decidedtousethisadhesivefor
34
use.Hestuckstripsofpaperinabookaspagemarkerandawholenewconceptwasborn.However,theideastillwasn’twithout
35
.Thechallengewastomakethegluestayonthestickynoteitself,ratherthanpeelingoffandstayingonthesurfaceitwas
36
to.Twomore3Memployeeswerebroughtinandsetthetaskofproducingacoatingfortheadhesivesothatitwouldn’tcomeoffandthey
37
justthat.
Unfortunately,3Mbossesstillbelievedthatthisinventionwasn’tgoingtobe38successfulandpeoplewouldcontinuetousecrappaper(小纸条)fortheirnotesratherthanstickynotes.Thisiswhystickynoteswereonlytestedwithinthecompany,wheretheybecameextremelypopular.Itwasn’tuntilmanyyearslaterthat3Mbossesfinallydecidedtogiveoutavastamountoffree39toothercompaniestoseeifanyonewouldbeinterestedinbuyingthem.Totheirsurprise,90percentofthecompaniesapproachedwentontoordermorestickynotes.Thiswentbeyondanybody’s40.Nowadays,stickynotescomeinavarietyofshapesandcoloursandaresoldinmorethan100countries.
Five
A.overtookB.promisingC.likelihoodD.ridiculousE.sharedF.controlled
GbeliefsH.reasonableI.trendJ.trackedK.demonstrated
Theriseinstoriesdescribingeventsthatneverhappened,ofteninvolvingfakepeopleinfakeplaces,hasledtoFacebookandGoogle’s(31)____todealwiththem.Butarewereallysoeasytofool?
Accordingtoseveralstudies,theanswerisyes:
eventhemostobviousfakenewsstartstobecomebelievableifit’s(32)_____enoughtimes.
InthemonthsrunninguptotheUSelectiontherewasasurge(大浪)infakenews.AccordingtoananalysisbyCraigSilverman,ajournalist,duringthistimethetop20fakestoriesincirculation(33)_____thetop20storiesfrom19mainstreampublishers.
PaulHorner,acreativepublisheroffakenews,hassaidhebelievesDonaldTrumpwaselectedbecauseofhim.“MysiteswerepickedupbyTrumpsupportersallthetime…Hisfollowersdon’tfact-checkanything–they’llposteverything,believeanything,”hetoldtheWashingtonPost.
Silvermanpreviously(34)_____rumourscirculatingonlinein2014andfoundthatsharesandsocialinteractionsaroundfakenewsarticlesdwarfed(使...相形见绌)thoseofthearticlesthatexposedthem.AccordingtoSilverman,fakenewsstoriesareengineeredtoappealtopeople’shopesandfears,an
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