老人与海英语论文文档格式.docx
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老人与海英语论文文档格式.docx
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学院:
外国语学院
班 级:
英语101
姓名:
王金
学 号:
100801009
Abstract:
HemingwaywasoneofthemostfamousnovelistsinAmerica.HecreatedaperfectimageofCodeHero:
SantiagoinTheOldManandtheSeawhichwonHemingwayNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1954.TheOldManandtheSeaisoneofthemostinfluentialandfar-reachingnovelsoftheliterarytreasureoftheworld.ThecontentoftheessayistoanalyzethecharacteristicsofCodeHero.ThroughtheintroductiontoHemingway’slegendlife,wefindsomecommonpointsbetweentheauthorandtheoldman,andthemostfamiliarpointisthatbothofthemhavethespiritofCodeHero.ThenIwillanalysesthespiritofCodeHero.Thespiritisconcentratedonfourareas:
First,nevergiveuphopesinanydifficultconditions;
secondly,keepdaringspiritandneveradmitdefeatintheprocessoffighting;
thirdly,behaveheroicallyintheactualbattle;
andlast,endurethelonelinessinthelongprocessofthefighting.Thelastpartoftheessayistheconclusion.Thispaperwillanalyzetheimageoftheoldman,revealthecharacteristicsofCodeHero,andadvocatethespiritofnevergivingup.
Keywords:
Spirit,Hemingway,CodeHero,Santiago
1TheIntroductiontotheAuthor
RegardedasagiantbothinAmericanliteratureandtheworldliterature,ErnestHemingwaywasbornonJuly21,1898,atOakPark,Illinois.DuringWorldWarIheworkedasanambulancedriverinFranceandintheItalianinfantryandwaswoundedseverelyjustbeforehis19thbirthday.Later,hebecameinvolvedwiththeexpatriateliteraryandartisticcirclesurroundingGertrudeSteinwhenhewasworkinginParisasacorrespondentfortheTorontoStar,Hisworksduringthe1920sarerepresentativeof“theLostGeneration”.DuringtheSpanishCivilWarandlatertheSecondWordWar,Hemingwayservedasacorrespondentontheloyalistside.ThenhesettledinCubain1945.In1954,HemingwaywasawardedtheNobelPrizeofLiteratureforhis“masteryoftheartofmodernnarration”.AfterhisexpulsionfromCubabytheCastroregime,hemovedtoIdaho.Hewasincreasinglyplaguedbyillhealthandmentalproblems,andinJuly,1961,hecommittedsuicidebyshootinghimself.
Hemingway’slifeisfilledwithkindsofadventures,andfromhisrichandcolorfullifeexperiences,hislifeseemslikeanunusualbookwhichmanyotherpeopleintheworldadmireandenvy.Hemingway'
sfictionusuallyfocusesonpeoplelivingessential,dangerouslives,soldiers,fishermen,athletes,bullfighters,whomeetthepainanddifficultyoftheirexistencewithstoiccourage.Fromhisworksandlifeexperiences,Hemingwayisindeedaperfectionist.Manyoftheheroesthathecreatedinnovelsarerepresentedhiscodemanspirit---perfectionism,especiallyinTheOldManandtheSea.TheoldmannamedSantiagorepresentedHemingway’sperfectionismcharacteristicmorevividlythanothercodemaninhisworks
2TheIntroductiontotheBackground
Hemingway’slifewasactiveandadventurousbutfullofpains.HelivedintheperiodthattheWorldWarOnebrokeoutwhenmanyyoungvolunteerstookpartinthewarwhichalsocalled“awarendsallwars”.Butthecruelrealitymadethemawarethatmodernwarfarewasnotasgloriousastheythought.ActuallytheFirstandtheSecondWorldWarshadaffectedHemingwayalot,forhehadoncejoinedthearmyandhadinjuredinItaly,sohesufferedmuchwhichwasbroughtaboutbythewardeeply.Hewasdisappointedwiththeworldatthattimeandbecameverypessimisticaboutthefateofthehumanbeings.Asayoungwriterandspokesmanofthe“TheLostGeneration”,andinfluencedbythegreedyandheedlesswayoflifeinAmerica,Hemingway’sworksallvividlyrecordedthelifeofthosephysicallyandmentallywoundedsoldiers,revealedthefrustration,lonelinesswhen“Godisdead”.
3Plot
Itisapoetictragicnoveltoldinlanguageofgreatsimplicityandpower.ItsheroisanoldCubanfisherman---Santiago,whoisdownonhisluck,andtriestofightagainsthisfate.InthestorySantiagohasgonefor84dayswithoutcatchingafish.Asaresult,Mandolin,alittleboy,whousedtosailwithhim,isforbiddenfromfishingwiththeoldmanbyhisparentsandforcedtocatchfishinanother“good-lucky”ship.
Laterdespitetheboyasksforfishingtogetheragain,buttheoldmaninsistsonfishingaloneandatlast,hesucceedsinhookingagiantmarlinwhichiseighteen-foot,thelargesthehaseverknownbefore.Butthefishisverypowerfulanddisobedient.Ittowstheoldmanandhisboatforalmost48hours,theoldmancoulddonothingbutbearingthewholeweightofthefishthroughthelineonhisback.Theoldman,withlittlefoodandsleep,hastobearalotofpainandatthesametimefightagainstthefish.Tohisgreatexcitement,hewasrewardedforhisstruggle.Onthethirddayatsea,hefinallycatchestheweakenedmarlintothesurfaceandharpoonsit.
Onhiswayhome,helashedmarlinalongsidehisboatbecauseitistoobigtobeputintheboat.But,unfortunately,thesharksassaultedtheoldmanandthegiantmarlinindifferentdirectionsforfourtimes.Theoldmanfightstokillthesharkswithasmuchstrengthhecansummon,butonlytofindagiantskeletonofhismarlinleftafterhisdesperatedefense.Atlast,Santiago,havinglostwhathefoughtfor,reachestheshoreandstrugglestohisshack.Hefallsintosoundsleep,dreamingofAfricaandthelionsagain.
4Analysisoftheheroiccharacters
Inthenovel,theauthorportraystheimageofanoldCubanfishermanwhohasgonefor84dayswithcatchingnothing.“Theoldmanwasthinandgaunt,withdeepwrinklesinthebackofhisneck.Thebrownblotchesofthebenevolentskincancerthesunbringsfromitsreflectiononthetropicseawereonhischeeks.Theblotchesranwelldownthesidesofhisfaceandhishandshadthedeepcreasedscarsfromhandlingheavyfishonthecords.Butnoneofthescarswerefresh.Theywereasoldaserosionsinafishlessdesert.”Fromthesewords,wemayfeelsympathetictowardtheoldmanandthinkthatheistooweektocatchabigfish.But“Everythingabouthimwasoldexcepthiseyeandtheywerethesamecolorastheseaandwerecheerfulandundefeated.”Inspiteofhisoldandweekappearance,hiseyesarenotstuffybutascheerfulastheyoungmen’seyesthroughwhichwecanseehisunyieldingspirit.ThiscontrastclearlyshowsSantiago’srealpersonality.
84daysisalongperiodoftime.Amancantoleratefailure,butcan’ttoleratecontinuousfailure.Toomuchfailurewilldestroyamanevenwithstrongwill.ButforSantiago,althoughapoverty-strickenandlonelyoldman,nothingcandefeathiswill.Hefirmlyinsiststhathewillnotalwaysbeunfortunate.Hesays,“ImaynotbeasstrongasIthink.”,“ButIknowmanytricksandIhaveresolutions.”Theoldmanisveryconfidentandhasthestrongbelievethathewillfinallycatchabigfish.Whatgiveshimsuchconfidenceunderthedifficultandcruelreality?
Throughtheman,theauthorpointsout---eventhoughlifeisveryhardandseemshopeless,“Butwhoknows?
Everydayisanewday.”Hehasthehopeforthefutureandtheunyieldingspirittochallengehisfate.
WithSantiago’sexceedingself-confidence,hegetsrideofhisbadfortuneandcatchesthefishwhichislongerthanhisskiff.ButtheMarlineisverydisobedientandstrong.Theoldman“swingwitheacharmalternatelyonthecordwithallthestrengthofhisarmandthepivotedweightofhisbody.”But“nothinghappened.Thefishjustmovesawayslowlyandtheoldmancouldnotraisehimaninch.”Onesideisaveryoldman,andtheothersideisthebigstrongMarline.Neithersideisgoingtoyield.Insomeway,theMarlinisaremarkableandrespectablefish.Ittowstheskiffbehindhimouttotheseafor48hours.“Thecontestistoseewhocanendurelongerthantheother.”“Thefishmadeastrugglethatpulledhimdownonhisfaceandmadeacutbelowhiseye.Thebloodrandownhischeekalittleway.Butiscoagulatedanddriedbeforeitreachedhischinandheworkedhiswaybacktothehowandrestedagainstthewood.”Atthemoment,ifSantiagocutthelineandletthefishgo,hecangetrideofthedanger,butifhedoso,itmeansthatheisaloser.Santiagodoesn’tchoosethisway;
hetriestothinknothingbutonlytoendure.Whenheisthirsty,hetakessomewater;
whenheissleepy,heliesforwardcramminghimselfagainstthelinewithallofhisbody,puttingallhisweightontohisrighthand.Evenhislefthandcrampsandhisrighthandiscutbytheline,hejusttrieshisbesttoendure.Onthethirddayatsea,hefinallycatchestheweakenedmarlintothesurfaceandharpoonsit.Butonthereturningvoyage,theoldmanmeetsamoreterribledisaster.TheMarline’sblooddrawsthesharkgroupindifferentdirectionsforfourtimes.AlthoughheknowsthatthereislittlehopeforhimtowinafterhislongfightingwiththeMarline,butheknowsthatheshouldfacethesharksandkillthemasamantoprotecthisfish.Theauthorusesmuchinktoportraythesharkswhichaimstodescribetheoldman’sspirit.Theharderthefishandthesharksaretodefeat,thetallertheoldman’simageis.
5WritingStyleandTechniques
Hemingway’sworkshaveuniqueartisticstyle.Heisdistinguishedfromotherwritersinchoosingcharactersandsubjects.Theleadingrolesinhisnovelsaremen.Throughaseriesofdescription,heshowsthereaderstheuniqueworldofmen.Mostofthesemenarematador,pugilist,andhunterandsoon.Byportrayingthebattlesinwhichthesemenfightwithnature,societyand,Hemingwaywanttoextol
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