届高考英语阅读理解命题点2主旨大意解析01Word文档下载推荐.docx
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届高考英语阅读理解命题点2主旨大意解析01Word文档下载推荐.docx
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与主题句位于段首的情况相反,主题句位于段尾时,通常用归纳法撰写。
表述细节的句子在前,概述性的句子在后,并以此而结尾。
位于段尾的主题句往往陈述依据上文的细节的结论或建议,归纳的要点或共性以及得出的观察印象或结果。
3.主题句在段中:
当主题句位于段中,开段的句子往往表述段落要论述的主题,而主题则由随之引出的句子来表达。
此外,为阐明主题思想,在主题句之后,仍有一些句子陈述细节,或作合乎逻辑的引申。
这一类的段落包括三个层次:
引题——主题——解释,或提问——回答——解释。
屯主题句在段首和段尾:
在一些文段中,作者为了突出主题思想,并暗示读者,这段文章中的意思比其他的段更重要。
采用了前后呼应、两次点题的写作乎法。
值得注意的是,表述同一主题思想的两个主题句,在句型结构和用词方面往往不尽—致,而且在内容上后者也不是前者的简单重复,多半有所引申或顺应其向细节的铺叙而有所侧重。
5.主题句暗含在段中:
不是所有的段落都有主题句。
尤其是在多段文章中,主题句并没有明确表述。
阅读这样的文段,主要通过对细节的陈述或概括各段的主题思想,含蓄地表达文段的主题思想。
对于无主题句的文段,不可能采用辩论主题句的方法来获取其主题思想。
而应正确理解作者提供的所有细节,包括事实、观点和事件,在大脑中形成初步印象。
然后发挥自己的逻辑概括能力,概括作者提供的事实、观点和事件,综合归纳成一般概念。
这种概念不一定能达到主题句那样完整,但只要切合文段的主题即可。
这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,也包括分析、归纳文章的段落大意、重要睛节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。
这种试题要求学生把握文章的总体,并真正理解主题和中心句;
要求能较好地运用概念、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法,难度较大,属于高层次题。
在运用多项选择法考查学生这方面的阅读理解能力时,对大多数短文(段落)的主题(subject),中心思想(mabidea),标题(titlle)或作者的写作目的(pUI'
[X)se)加以拟题。
拟题大致有以下固定的提问方式:
1.Thesubiectoftheparagraph(passage)is______.
2.Theparagraph(passage)dealswith______.
3.WhattopiciStreatedinthisparagraph(passage)?
4.Themainideaoftheparagraph(passage)is
5.Fromtheparagraph(passage)weknowthat
6.Theparagraph(passage)couldbeentitled
7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefortheparagraph(passage)?
8.Whatistheauthor'
smainpupose?
凡遇到这样的一些问题,我们都应从理解主题思想去考虑答案是哪一个。
*******************************************************************
Passage**(典型例题)
Sometimes,somethingthatisconsideredtobenegativetumsouttobeanadvantageonthejob.Thoughheisonly18yearsoldandblind,SuleymanGokyigkisamongthetopcomputertechniciansandprogrammersatIntelidataTechnologiesCorp.,alargesoftwarecompanywithseveralofficesacrosstheUnitedStates."
AfterourcompanyunitedwithanotheronelastOctober,twodifferentcomputernetworksweredrivinguscrazy,"
recallsDouglasBraun,theInteliDatapresident."
Wecouldn'
tevensendE-mailtoeachother."
InthreeweeksMr.Gokyigitcreatedthesoftwareneededtoconnectthetwonetworks."
Noneofthecompany'
s350otheremployeescouldhavedonethejobinthreemonths"
saysMr.Braun."
Suleymancan'
see'
intotheheartofthecomputer."
Mr.Gokyigit'
sgift,asMr.Brauncallsit,isanunusualabilitytoformanideaoftheinsideofamachine."
ThecomputerpermitsmetoreachoutintotheworldanddoalmostanythingIwanttodo,"
saysMr.Gokyigit.
Theyoungprogrammerisathomewithhardwareaswell,thankspartlytoahighlydevelopedsenseoftouch.MitziNowakows-ki,anofficemanageratInteliData,remembershowheeasilydisconnectedandreconnectedtheircomputersystemsduringamovelastyear."
Throughfeel,Suleymancanfindthepositionofconnectors,pinsandwiresmuchfasterthanmostotherpeoplewithsight,'
hesays.
Muchofthestudentprogrammer'
sspeedcomesfromhisabilitynottobeinterruptedwhileatthecomputer.Whentyping,helistenscarefullytothesynthesizer(合成器).Hislong,thinfingersflyoverkeyboard."
Nothingseemstoshakehisattention,'
saysMrs.Nowa-kowski,hisboss.
Mr.Gokyigitistheonlycompanyemployeewhoisavailable(可找到的)24hoursaday."
Weconsiderhimourtopproblemsolver,"
saysMr.Braun.
1.AccordingtoMr.Braun,Suleyman
A.canworkwondersoncomputer
B.isthebesttechnicianintheworld
C.hasdoneahardjobinthreemonths
D.hasunitedInteliDataTechnologiesCorp.withanothercomputercompany.
答案:
A指导:
据全文可知,Suleyman在电脑方面有非凡的才能,故选A:
其他各项均与原文有出人。
2.Theunderlinedpart"
isathomewithhardware"
(Paragraph4)means_________.
A.isgoodatdealingwithcomputerhardware
B.isfondofcomputerhardware
C.workswithcomputerhardwareathome
D.feelscomfortablewhenworkingwithcomputerhardware
此处的"
beathomewithsth.”的意思根据上下文篇应是“擅长解决……的问题”。
3.Suleymanwasquickwhileatthecomputermostlybecauseof
A.hisblindness
B.hisattentiononthesynthesizer
C.hislong,thinfingers
D.hisabilitynottobeinterrupted
D指导:
文中有“...speedcomesfromhisabilitynottobeinterruptedwhileatthecomputer"
,这才是他速度快的原因。
4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?
A.Computertechniciansaremorelikelytobegifted.
B.One'
sdisadvantagesmayprovetobeadvantages.
C.Thedisabledcanalsoplayanimportantroleinsociety.
D.Topcomputerscientistshaveunusualabilitiestoformideasofcomputers.
B指导:
通常文章的首段首句为主题句。
**************************************************************结束
(典型例题卷)
MountainlionsliveinmountainousareasofthewesternUnitedStates.Lately,however,peoplehavereportedseeingtheminquietneighborhoodsallacrossthecountry!
Usuallyconsideredshyandseldomseen,theselionsarebecomingmorenoticeable.Inaddition,thelionsappeartobemovingeast.Theywereevenreportedinthesuburbs(郊区)ofBoston,Philadelphis,andChicago.
Itseemscertainthatthese"
kingsofthemountains"
aremoving.Why?
Scientistsarenotsure.Somethinkthatasthemountainlionpopulationincreasesthewest,youngerwildcatsareleavingthearea.Thesecatsaresearchingfornewhomesandnewplacesforfood.
"
Theyoungmalesarelookingfornewhomes,"
saysLynnSadler,whoisthedirectoroftheMountainLionFoundationinSacramento,Calif."
Peopletendtocreatetomanybarriers(障碍),suchasbuidings,fences,roads,andnoise.Asthemountainlionsseeknewplacesandfoodandwatersources'
(水源),thesebarriersgetintheirway."
Thesightingshavemadepeopleincreasinglywatchful.Sometimesthe"
mountainlions"
thatpeoplereportseeingturnouttobelargedogsorevenhousecats.Butatleastafewofthemeetingshavebeenreal.Thebuildingofnewroads,thegrowingofsuburbsandthegrowingpopularityofoutdooractivitiesareallincreasingthechancesthatpeopleinvariouspartsofthecountrymaymeetupwithamountainlion.
Becausemanypeopleareconcerned,aboutthereappearanceoftheAmericanlion,anexpertoutlinedsomewaystheycana-voidattractingthewildcats:
Neverleavepetsorpetfoodoutsiderproperlycvareforfarmanimals;
andplanpubliclandusetoenablethelionstomovesafelyfromoneplacetoanother.
"
Tobefair,"
saystheexpert."
mountainlionsaretryingtoregaintheirhomes.Theywereherefirst.Nowweneedtofindwayswecanlivetogether."
1.Mountainlionsaremovingprobablybecause_________.
A.thesuburbso[bigcitiesarepeacefulandquiet
B.moreroadsarebeingbuiltintothemountains
C.thenumberofthelionsincreasesinthewest
D.younglionsareseekingnewpartners
2.Accordingtothepassage,itisclearthat_________.
A.thereportedsightingsofmountainlionshavenotbeenproved
B.peoplewalkinginthecountrymaycomeacrossalion
C.fenceshavebeenbuilttoprotecttheions
D.mountainlionspreferpopulatedareas
3.Toavoidattractingrnotuntainlions,Peopleareadvised_________.
A.tobuildmoreroadsforthelionstomovesafely
B.tokeepaclosewatchontheir[armanimals
C.nottostayoutdoors
D.nottoraisepets
4.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.MountainLionsinUnlikelyPassage?
B.MeasuresTakentoAvoidLions
C.NumberofSightingsGoingUp
D.MountainLionsMovingWest
命题目的与解题技巧;
本文的命题目的是考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,而本井无明显主题句。
做这类题的技巧是:
正确理解作者所提供的细节,运用自己的逻辑概括能力。
综合归纳主题。
解析:
本文主要讲美国西部的狮子被人们在全国各地发现。
据科学家估计是因为狮子数量不断增加,新的雄狮欲寻新的安身之所。
答案:
1.C细节题。
从第二段的第三句话“Somethinkthatasthemountainlionpopulationicreasesinthewest,youngerwildcatsareleavingthearea...searchingfornewhomesandnewplacesforfood”可直接选出答案。
2.B细节题。
由第一段第二句“.一peoplehavereportedseeingtheminquietneighbrhoodsallacrossthecountry”和第四段第四句“Thebuidingofnewroads,the...maymeetupwithamountinlion"
可知目前狮子在美国到外可见
3.B细节判断题。
第五段专家建议中的第二点properlycareforfarmanimals与B项同义,而A项中的建更多的roads文中未提及,文中只提到了publicland;
C、D两项文中提及。
4.A主旨大意题。
本文主要讲山狮从山里游移到全国各地,有时来到它们不该来的农户、新建公路等,一切都表明它们来到原来不可能的地方。
***************************************************************结束
Passage***(典型例题海卷)
Transportationandcommunicationnetworksbringpeopletogether.Yetsometimespeoplethemselvescreatebarriers(障碍)totransportationandcommunication.Insomecountries,lawsstoppeoplefrommovingfreelyfromplacetoplace.Overthecenturies,manygroupsofpeoplehavebeendeniedthefreedomtotravelbecauseoftheirrace,religion,ornationality.IntheMiddleAges,forexample,Jewswereoftenforbiddentomoveaboutfreelywithincertaincities.SouthAfrica'
sgovernmentusedtorequireblackAfricanstocarrypasseswhentheytravelwithinthecountry.Somegovernmentsrequireallcitizenstocarryidentificationpapersandtoreporttogovernmentofficialswhenevertheymove.
Countriessetupcustomspostsattheirborders.Foreigntravellersmustgothroughacustomsinspectionbeforetheyareallowedtotravelinthecountry.Usuallytravellershavetocarryspecialpaperssuchaspassportsandvisas(签证).Somecountriesevenlimitthenumberofvisitorstotheircountryeachyear.Othersallowtouriststovisitonlycertainareasofthecountry,ortheymayrequirethattravellersbewithanofficialguideatalltimesduringtheirstay.
Manyofthoseharrierstotravelalsoactasbarrierstocommunication.Whentwogovernmentsdisagreewitheachotheronimportantmatters,theyusuallydonotwanttheircitizenstoexchangenewsorideasfreely.Countriesoftentrytokeepmilitaryorindustrialinformationsecret.
Today,peoplehavethea
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