英国散文选读之欧阳化创编Word格式文档下载.docx
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英国散文选读之欧阳化创编Word格式文档下载.docx
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Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;
forornament,isindiscourse;
andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness;
forexpertandexecute,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars,onebyone;
butthegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshallingofaffairs,comebestformthosethatarelearned.
Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth;
tousethemtoomuchforornament,isaffectation;
tomakejudgmentwhollybytheirrules,isthehumourofascholar.
Theyperfectnature,andareperfectedbyexperience:
fornaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants,thatneedproyning(pruning)bystudy;
andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.
Craftymencontemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem;
fortheyteachnottheirownuse;
butthatisawisdomwithoutthem,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.
Readnottocontradictandconfute;
nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;
nortofindtalkanddiscourse;
buttoweighandconsider.
Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;
thatis,somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;
otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;
andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.
Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy,andextractsmadeofthembyothers;
butthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimportantarguments,andthemeanersortofbooks;
elsedistilledbooksare,likecommondistilledwaters,flashythings.
Readingmakethafullman;
conferenceareadyman;
andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;
ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit;
andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunning,toseemtoknowthathedothnot.
Historiesmakemenwise;
poetswitty;
themathematicssubtile;
naturalphilosophydeep;
moralgrave;
logicandrhetoricabletocontend. Abeuntstudiainmorse.
Naythereisnostandorimpedimentinthewit,butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies:
likeasdiseasesofthebodymayhaveappropriateexercises.Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins;
shootingforthelungsandbreast;
gentlewalkingforthestomach;
ridingforthehead;
andthelike.
Soifaman'
switbewandering,lethimstudythemathematics;
forindemonstrations,ifhiswitbecalledawayneversolittle,hemustbeginagain. Ifhiswitbenotapttodistinguishorfinddifferences,lethimstudytheschoolmen;
fortheyareCuminisectors. Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatters,andtocalluponethingtoproveandillustrateanother,lethimstudythelawyers'
cases. Soeverydefectofthemindmayhaveaspecialreceipt.
2SundayintheCountry
SundayintheCountry
JosephAddison
IamalwayswellpleasedwithacountrySunday,andthink,ifkeepingholytheseventhdaywereonlyahumaninstitution,itwouldbethebestmethodthatcouldhavebeenthoughtofforthepolishingandcivilizingofmankind.Itiscertainthecountrypeoplewouldsoondegenerateintoakindofsavagesandbarbarians,weretherenotsuchfrequentreturnsofastatedtime,inwhichthewholevillagemeettogetherwiththeirbestfaces,andintheircleanliestsubjects,toconversewithoneanotherupondifferentsubjects,heartheirdutiesexplainedtothem,andjointogetherinadorationoftheSupremeBeing.Sundayclearsawaytherustofthewholeweek,notonlyasitrefreshesintheirmindsthenotionsofreligion,butasitputsboththesexesuponappearingintheirmostagreeableforms,andexertingallsuchqualitiesasareapttogivethemafigureintheeyeofthevillage.Acountryfellowdistinguisheshimselfasmuchinthechurchyard,asacitizendoesuponthechange,thewholeparish-politicsbeinggenerallydiscussedinthatplaceeitheraftersermonorbeforethebellrings.MyfriendSirRoger,beingagoodchurchman,hasbeautifiedtheinsideofhischurchwithseveraltextsofhisownchoosing.Hehaslikewisegivenahandsomepulpit-cloth,andrailedinthecommuniontableathisownexpense.Hehasoftentoldme,thatathiscomingtohisestatehefoundhisparishionersveryirregular,andthatinordertomakethemkneelandjoinintheresponses,hegaveeveryoneofthemahassockandacommon-prayerbook;
andatthesametimeemployedanitinerantsinging2master,whogoesaboutthecountryforthatpurpose,toinstructthemrightlyinthetunesofthePsalms;
uponwhichtheynowverymuchvaluethemselves,andindeedoutdomostofthecountrychurchesthatIhaveeverheard.AsSirRogerislandlordtothewholecongregation,hekeepstheminverygoodorderandwillsuffernobodytosleepinitbesidehimself;
forifbychancehehasbeensurprisedintoashortnapatsermon,uponrecoveringoutofithestandsupandlooksabouthim,andifheseesanybodyelsenodding,eitherwakesthemhimselforsendshisservantstothem.Severalotheroftheoldknightsparticularitiesbreakoutupontheseoccasions.SometimeshewillbelengtheningoutaverseinthesingingPsalmshalfaminuteaftertherestofthecongregationhavedonewithit;
sometimes,whenheispleasedwiththematterofhisdevotion,hepronounces'
Amen'
threeorfourtimestothesameprayer;
andsometimesstandsupwheneverybodyelseisupontheirknees,tocountthecongregation,orseeifanyofhistenantsaremissing.Iwasyesterdayverymuchsurprisedtohearmyoldfriend,inthemidstoftheservice,callingouttooneJohnMatthewstomindwhathewasaboutandnotdisturbthecongregation.ThisJohnMatthewsitseemsisremarkableforbeinganidlefellow,andatthattimewaskickinghisheelsforhisdiversion.Thisauthorityoftheknight,thoughexertedinthatoddmannerwhichaccompanieshiminallthecircumstancesoflife,hasaverygoodeffectupontheparish,whoarenotpoliteenoughtoseeanythingridiculousinhisbehaviour;
besidesthatthegeneralgoodsenseandworthinessofhischaractermakehisfriendsobservetheselittlesingularitiesasfoilsthatrathersetoffthanblemishhisgoodqualities.Assoonasthesermonisfinished,nobodypresumestostirtillSirRogerisgoneoutofthechurch.Theknightwalksdownfromhisseatinthechancelbetweenadoublerowofhistenants,thatstandbowingtohimoneachside,andeverynowand3
theninquireshowsuchaoneswife,ormother,orson,orfatherdo,whomhedosenotseeatchurch;
whichisunderstoodassecretreprimandtothepersonthatisabsent.Thechaplainhasoftentoldmethat,uponacatechizingday,whenSirRogerhasbeenpleasedwithaboythatanswerswell,hehasorderedaBibletobegiventohimnextdayforhisencouragement;
andsometimesaccompaniesitwithaflitchofbacontohismother.SirRogerhaslikewiseaddedfivepoundsayeartotheclerksplace,andthathemayencouragetheyoungfellowstomakethemselvesperfectinthechurchservice,haspromiseduponthedeathofthepresentincumbent,whois4veryold,tobestowitaccordingtomerit.ThefairunderstandingbetweenSirRogerandhischaplain,andtheirmutualconcurrenceindoinggood,isthemoreremarkablebecausetheverynextvillageisfamousforthedifferencesandcontentionsthatarisebetweentheparsonandthesquire,wholiveinaperpetualstateofwar.Theparsonisalwayspreachingatthesquire;
andthesquire,toberevengedontheparson,nevercomestochurch.Thesquirehasmadeallhistenantsatheistsandtithe-stealers;
whiletheparsoninstructsthemeverySundayinthedignityofhisorder,andinsinuatestothem,inalmosteverysermon,thatheisabettermanthanhispatron.Inshort,mattershavecometosuchanextremity,thatthesquirehasnotsaidhisprayerseitherinpublicorprivatethishalfyear;
andtheparsonthreatenshim,ifhedoesnotmendhismanners,toprayforhiminthefaceofthewholecongregation.Feudsofthisnature,thoughtoofrequentinthecountry,areveryfataltotheordinarypeople,whoaresousedtobedazzledwithriches,thattheypayasmuchdeferencetotheunderstandingofamanofanestate,asofamanoflearning;
andareveryhardlybroughttoregardanytruth,howimportantsoeveritmaybe,thatispreachedtothem,whentheyknowthereareseveralmenoffivehundredayearwhodonotbelieveit.
3LettertoLordChesterfield
February7th,1755
MyLord,
Ihavebeenlatelyinformed,
bytheproprietoroftheWord,
thattwopapers,
inwhichmy
dictionaryisrecommendedtothepublickwerewrittenbyyourLordship.Tobesodistinguished,isanhonour,whichbeingverylittleaccustomedtofavoursfromthegreat,Iknownotwellhowtoreceive,orinwhattermstoacknowledge.
When,uponsomeslightencouragement,IfirstvisitedyourLordship,Iwasoverpowered,liketherestofmankind,bytheenchantmentofyouaddress,andcouldnotforbeartowishthatImightboastmyselfLevainqueurduvainqueurdilaterre.ThatImightobtainthatregardforwhichIsawtheworldcontending;
butIfoundmyattendancesolittleencouraged,thatneitherpridenormodestywouldsuffermetocontinueit.WhenIhadonceaddressedyourLordshipinpublickIhadexhaustedalltheartofpleasingwhicharetiredanduncourtlyscholarcanpossess.IhaddoneallthatIcould;
andnomaniswellpleasedtohavehisallneglected,beiteversolitter.
Sevenyears,myLord,havenowpast,sinceIwaitedinyourooutwardrooms,orwasrepulsedfromyourdoor,throughdifficulties,ofwhichitisuselesstocomplain,andwithoutoneactofassistance,onewordofencouragement,oronesmileoffavour.SuchtreatmentIdidnotexpect,for
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