六级阅读 语义理解题13文档格式.docx
- 文档编号:22578875
- 上传时间:2023-02-04
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:24
- 大小:38.52KB
六级阅读 语义理解题13文档格式.docx
《六级阅读 语义理解题13文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《六级阅读 语义理解题13文档格式.docx(24页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
题干中要求理解的单词或短语考生全都认识,但是词汇或词汇组合放在句中以后就有了在这个语境下的具体含义,甚至是活用的意义。
解题关键在于联系上下文,不能仅从单词的字面意思来理解。
【真题示例】
(06-12)
【原文】Inapurelybiologicalsense,fearbeginswiththebodyssystemforreactingtothingsthatcanharmus—thesocalledfightorflightresponse.“Ananimalthatcantdetectdangercantstayalive,”saysJosephLeDoux.Likeanimals,humansevolvedwithanelaboratemechanismforprocessinginformationaboutpotentialthreats.Atitscoreisaclusterofneurons(神经元)deepinthebrainknownastheamygdala(扁桃核)...
【题目】
52.The“socalledfightorflightresponse”(Lines12,Para.1)refersto“”.
[A]thebiologicalprocessinwhichhumanbeingssenseofselfdefenseevolves
[B]theinstinctivefearhumanbeingsfeelwhenfacedwithpotentialdanger
[C]theactofevaluatingadangeroussituationandmakingaquickdecision
[D]theelaboratemechanisminthehumanbrainforretrievinginformation
【解析】选[C]。
语义理解题。
分析原句的结构可知,这个response指的是身体在面临危险时的一种反应。
战斗或者逃跑,描述的正是对危险的评估以及评估之后的反应,故选[C]。
二、生词的意思
题目询问某个生词的具体意思。
这类题考查的是超出六级词汇大纲的生词。
在生词前后经常会有其定义或进一步的解释说明,解题时需要对这些定义或解释性的文字进行概括。
其标志有:
(1)or,thatis,inotherwords,namely等词(或词组);
(2)破折号、冒号、括号等;
(3)定语从句。
对于没有这种定义或说明的生词,可以通过寻找这个生词前后的文字中的词汇关系和逻辑关系来确定答案,看看这些关系要求这个地方的词具有什么样的意思。
(07-6)
【原文】Theothergreaterfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfeartheyvebecome“thedisposableAmerican”asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.
55.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Line3,Para.5)?
[A]Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.
[B]Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.
[C]PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolities.
[D]Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.
【解析】选[D]。
由第五段第二、三句可知,过去人们把工作的稳定当作生活标准的一部分,但是随着公司裁员的增加,这一部分已经弱化。
这说明员工的工作已经不再稳定,接下来指出了moreworkers的担心。
由此可知“thedisposableAmerican”指上文所说的不再有稳定工作的工人,[D]正是此意,故为答案。
[A]是根据第五段第二句设计的干扰项。
三、词或词组的比喻义
题目询问某个词或词组的比喻义。
此类题涉及的单词往往都是比较简单的词,多数是构成一些惯用搭配,表示某种特殊的比喻义。
这些单词或词组不能按其字面的意义去理解,要结合上下文,确保所理解的意思可以使语义通顺。
考生平时要多积累惯用搭配。
【原文】IntelchairmanAndyGrovehasdecided
tocuttheGordianknotofcontroversysur
roundingstemcellresearchbysimplywritingacheck.Thecheck,whichhepledgedlastweek,couldbeforasmuchas$5million,dependingonhowmanydonorsmakegiftsofbetween$50,000and$500,000,whichhehaspromisedtomatch.ItwillbemadeouttotheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco(UCSF).
57.WhenAndyGrovedecidedtocuttheGordianknot,hemeantto.
[A]putanendtostemcellresearch
[B]endIntelsrelationswithGordian
[C]settlethedisputeonstemcellresearchquickly
[D]expelGordianfromstemcellresearchforgood
【解析】选[C]。
分析原文的结构,theGordianknot在原文中指的是controversysurroundingstemcellresearch。
由后文可知,AndyGrove最终决定的是写出一张大额支票,对干细胞研究表示支持,故选[C],排除[A]。
后文中没有提到Gordian这个人物,所以排除[B]和[D]。
Gordianknot,是希腊神话中的戈尔地雅斯难结(按神谕,能解开此结者即可为亚细亚国王,后来此结被亚历山大大帝解开),比喻“难题;
难事;
(问题或故事情节的)关键,焦点”。
cuttheGordianknot意思是“以斩钉截铁的手腕解决问题”。
四、语句的言外之意
题目询问某些词句的言外之意。
此类题要求考生理解的是作者在某些词句形式下暗含的真实意思。
做题的关键是,记住句子的意思一定是和文章或段落主旨相关的,在把握文章主题和段落主旨的前提下,分析句子在上下文中应该起到的作用和具有的意义。
【真题示例1】
(10-12)
【原文】“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing. …PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?
“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”
60.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“…itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Line2,Para.9)?
[A]Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.
[B]Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.
[C]PaperslikeEinsteinswouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.
[D]Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.
根据题干中的itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard将本题出处定位到第九段末句。
字面上所考查的句子意为“他要想被人知晓会难很多”,理解这句话的意思需结合下段“尤其是考虑到爱因斯坦所提出的理论”,而后几段对爱因斯坦所提出的理论做了介绍,由倒数第二段的问题“这样的投稿放在今天会怎样呢?
”和末段的回答“我们大家都收到过像那样的论文,我们总是将它们丢进废纸堆”可知,像爱因斯坦当时那样的论文在现在被出版的可能性很小,他因此也就很难被大家听说,故答案为[C]。
注意倒数第二段的suchasubmission与前面提到的whatEinsteinwasproposing指的是同一内容,替换一下解题会容易很多。
【真题示例2】
(09-06)
【原文】ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFish
andWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticseaturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.
53.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness”?
[A]Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.
[B]Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.
[C]Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.
[D]Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteof
humanprotection.
要理解作者说这句话的意思应结合上下文进行揣摩。
结合上段提到的人们努力保护海龟免于灭绝,以及紧跟着考查句后面提到的“渔业和野生动物服务组织的一项报告显示,北大西洋里好几种海龟的数量都在令人担忧地下降”不难推断,答案为[D],其中的decreased对应文中的drop。
【真题示例3】
(08-6)
【原文】Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit'
snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:
somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn'
tlife'
sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarketandgraduateschool—theresultsmaychange.
59.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Kidscountmorethantheircolleges”(Line1,Para.4)?
[A]Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoapersonssuccess.
[B]Apersonshappinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducation.
[C]Kidsactualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackgrounds.
[D]Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements.
题干句出现在第四段首句,接着对其进行了具体解释:
能够进耶鲁大学是才智和抱负的体现,接着转折对此进行了否定:
但大学也不是惟一的指标,其原因是上大学不是人生惟一的竞争,毕业后的竞争包括求职和考研究生,所以说,孩子的实际能力比大学背景更为重要,其中题干中的count意为“重要”,与选项中的moreimportantthan意思一致,故[C]为答案。
30分钟练习
Passage1
题材字数做题时间科技评论451词8分钟Whenamedicalprocedureortechnologyfirstcomesontothescene,itisalmostinvariablymetwithcontroversyfromallsidesregardingthewayitcan,andshould,beapplied.Theongoingdebateoverabortioniscertainlynoexception,acontroversialissuethathascapturedtheattentionoflaymenandmedicalpractitionersalikefordecades.WiththeintroductionoftheFrench“abortionpill”RU486,thesituationhasbecomeanevenmoreurgentonetoproponentsonbothsidesoftheissue.Thoseinfavorofawomansrighttochooseabortionarguethatthepillindicatesthat,whetherwelikeitornot,themeanstoaccomplishthegoalareoutthere,andwemustrespondorbeleftbehind.Antiabortionactivists,however,seethepillasrepresentingthegreatestthreattotheircausetodate,andthusadevelopmentthaturgesalltomobilizeforthefightagainstabortion.TheRU486“abortionpill”hasalreadybeenusedinover200,000recordedinstancesinFrance,claiminga95.5%effectivenessratewhenusedinthefirst7weeksofpregnancy.InFrance,itisseenasamoreeconomicalandsaferalternativetosurgery,whichwasthemethodbywhichabortionswereperformedpriortothedevelopmentofthepill.Recentstudieshavediscoveredthatthepillmayhavebeneficialsideeffectsaswell,includinguseasapromisingtreatmentforbreastandovarian(卵巢的)cancer,adrenal(肾上腺的)cancer,andahostofotherillnesses.Althoughgenerallyconsideredsafeforuse,theuseofthepillhasnotbeenwithoutcomplications,mostnotablyexemplifiedinthecaseofoneFrenchwomanwhodiedofaheartattackafteringestingtheproperdosageofthemedicine.Further,duetoitsrelativelyshorthistory,thelongtermeffectsoftheRU486drughaveyettobeconclusivelyexamined.Thisandotherconcerns,includingpoliticalones,havepreventedsuchstatesasCanadaandtheUnitedStatesfromapprovingtheuseofthepillwithinitsborders.Otherstateshavebeenundeterred(未被吓住的),however,asahostofothernationscurrentlyusethepillasaviablemethodofabortioninsomeformoranother.TheunderlyingissueisonethatgoesbeyondtheuseoftheRU486pill,however,extendingtothequestionofmorality.Activistsopposedtoabortion,includingtheCatholicchurch,viewinglifeasbeginningatconception,andthusabortionisaformofmurderineverycase.Thoseinfavorofabortionseelifeasaprocessbeginningatbirth,thusequatingabortionprocedurestoanyotherstandardmedicaltreatments.Untilthosedeeperlevelsofcontentionareresolved,theissueof“thepill”willbeoneofonlymarginalimportance.
1.TheintroductionoftheRU486“abortionpill”.
[A]ledtothedebateovertheabortionissue
[B]fueledthedebateovertheabortionproblem
[C]providedthemeansofabortionforthefirsttime
[D]lowertheriskofdeathcausedbyabortion
2.HowdotheFrenchthinkoftheRU486pill?
[A]Itcanbesurelyeffective.
[B]Itischeaperandsecurerthansurgery.
[C]Itisagoodmedicineforbreastcancer.
[D]Itiscompletelysafewithnocomplications.
3.TheuseofRU486pillintheUnitedStatesrequiresthat.
[A]thedrugbeprovenabsolutelys
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 六级阅读 语义理解题13 阅读 语义 理解 13