高级商务英语口语讲义Word格式.docx
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高级商务英语口语讲义Word格式.docx
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✧GivingCriticism
提出批评观点的技巧
PartIITheHow-Tos
LeadingSeminars/QuestioningTechniques
✧Generalproceduresofaseminar/lecture
1)Self-introduction
2)IntroductionofTopic
3)Describingsequencesandtiming
4)Highlightinginformation
5)Involvingtheaudience
6)Givinginstructions
7)Checkingunderstanding
8)Askingquestions
9)Clarifyingquestions
10)Evadingquestions
11)Invitingcomments
12)Interrupting
13)Transitions
14)Reformulations
15)Closing
✧LanguageReference
Self-introduction自我介绍
Goodmorning,I'
m----andI'
vebeeninvitedtogivethistalk/presentation/lecturebecause---
Ihavedoneresearchin/Ihaveaspecialinterestin/myexperienceisin
IntroductionofTopic话题介绍
Inmypresentation/talk/lecturetodayIshallbedealingwith---
Thesubjectofmy----todayis----
WhatI'
dliketodotodayistointroduce/suggest/analyse/describe/explain
Mytopic/subjecttodayis---
Ishallbedealingwith2/3/4….mainareas/topics/subjectstoday
DescribingSequencesandTiming程序介绍与时间安排
FirstIwantto/spendafewminutesoutlining---/remindyouofthebackgroundto/summarisethe----/explain---/present---
NextIshall---/afterthatIwilltaketheopportunityofdescribing---/
Thenwe'
lllookat---
FinallyIwantto---
HighlightingInformation重点介绍
(Rhetoricalquestions)
So,whatdoesthatmean?
/Howcanweinterpretthis?
/What'
stheexplanationforthis?
/Whataretheimplicationsofthesefindings?
(Changeoffocus)
Whatthattellsusis/WhatI'
msuggestingis/Whatisclearisthat
(Introducingauxiliaryverb)
Soclearlywedoneedto--/Obviouslytheydidunderstandthat---/Ofcourseyoudowantoknowwhy---
InvolvingtheAudience听者的参与
Let'
shaveashowofhands,howmanyofyouagreewith----
I'
msureweallknowwhatit'
sliketo---
Letmeaskyoutospendacoupleofsecondsthinkingabout---
Well,whatwouldyoudo,Iwonder---
Justlookaroundtheroomandtakeanoteof/howmanymenarewearingatie---/howmanypeoplearewearingjeans---/theaverageageoftheparticipants
GivingInstructions给予指示
Forthisexercise,wearegoingtoworkinpairs:
groupsof3/4/5
Makeanoteofthesewords/figures
Readtheparagraphonpage---
PleasenotethatIshallbetimingtheexerciseandyouhaveexactly7minutes
Nowcompletethequestionnaireandputyournameinthetopleft-handcorner
CheckingUnderstanding随时观察听者反映
Iseveryonewithmesofar?
Arethereanyquestionsatthisstage?
Wouldanyonelikemetorunthroughthatagain?
Ifyouhaveanyproblemswiththedetail,don'
tworrybecausealltheinformationisinyourhandout
AskingQuestions询问问题
Directquestions/open-ended:
What/why/how/where/when
Closedquestions:
Doyou/didyou
Delicatequestions:
Iwaswonderingif/couldIaskyou/wouldyoumindtellingme/ifit'
snotindiscreetI'
dliketoknow/mightIask/mayIask
ClarifyingQuestions澄清问题
Soyouwanttoknowabout---/isitthefiguresthatworryyou/whenyousay---doyoumean---/IfI'
veunderstoodthequestionyouwanttoknowabout---
EvadingQuestions回避问题
That'
snotreallymyfield---/that'
sabitoutsidethescopeoftoday'
stopic/Ihaven'
tgotthepreciseinformationwithmetoday/that'
snotreallyformetosay/I'
dneednoticeofthatquestiontoansweryouinfull/thisisnotreallytheplacetodiscussthatmatter/perhapsthat'
saquestionforanothermeeting
InvitingComments鼓励并听取意见
Hasanyonegotanyquestionsatthispoint?
Wouldanyoneliketocommentonthat?
Doesanyonedisagreewithmylastpoint?
Cananyoneconfirmmyexperience?
IfnobodyhasanyquestionsthenI'
llmoveon
Interrupting中断
dliketodiscussitfurther,butIthinkit'
stimetomoveon
CouldIjuststopyouthere---
IfImightjustadd----
msurewe'
dallagree,butperhapsweshouldgetbacktothemainpoint
Transitions过渡
Ifwecouldnowturnto---/mynextpointis---/whatIwanttodonextis---/let'
smoveonto---/thatcompletesmyanalysisof---/so,nowwearegoingto----
Reformulations总结
IfImightjustgooverthatagain---/so,insummary---/justtoremindyouofthekeyfacts/themainpoints/theadvantagesof---/mymainargumentswere---
Closing结束
Thankyouforlisteningtometoday
Ihopeyouhavefoundmypresentationuseful
Thankyouforyourattention
✧QuestioningTechniques
提问技巧
Reasonsforaskingquestions:
Toobtaininformation
Tofindouttheopinionsofotherpeople
Toaskotherpeopletocontributeideas
Tofindoutthereasonsbehindevents
Toseekconfirmation
Thestatusofthequestioner
Thequestionermayhaveanofficialneedtoaskquestions-work-role,legalpower,etc.,orthequestionermayhaveanentirelypersonalcuriositytosatisfy.Iftheroleisofficial,thequestionerneedstochoosethequestioningstylewithcareinordertoproducetherequiredresults.Questioningcanbequiteathreateningactivityinsomecircumstances.Forexample,ifthequestionerwantsinformation,thenthepersonwhohasthatinformationmayfeelthats/heisbeingaskedtogiveupsomethingthatrepresentsanadvantage.Ifthequestionerismerelycuriousinasocialsetting,thentheimportantpointisthelevelofdelicacyofthequestion.Inmostcultures,verypersonaldetailssuchashowmuchmoneyweearnistooprivatetoformthesubjectofquestionsbyothers.
Choicesofquestionstyle
Closedv.open
Closedquestionspermitonly'
yes'
/'
no'
answers.Theymaythereforebemorethreateningthanopenquestionsbecausetheyleavenoroomforexpansionorexplanation.Thequestionerneedstodecideifitwouldbemoretactfultoask:
Haveyoufinishedthatreportyet?
Or
Howareyougettingonwiththatreport?
Thefirstquestionimpliesthatthereportisnowdue;
thesecondmerelyasksforaprogressstatement.Theopenquestionallowstherespondenttoelaborateanddoesnothaveovertonesofauthority.
Wh-typequestions
Questionsstartingwithquestionwords:
what,when,why,who,how,areopenquestionsbuttheyarealsoverydirect.Toomanyquestionslikethishavetheflavourofaninterrogationandmaymakethepersonbeingquestionedfeeluncomfortable.Itmaybenecessarytoprefacethequestionswithphrasesthatshowthequestionerisawareoftheintrusivenessofthequestion:
MayIaskyou…
Couldyoutellme…
Wouldyoumindtellingme…
IwonderifIcouldaskyou….
Iwouldbeinterestedinknowing…
Ifit'
snotindiscreet,mayIask….
Iknowit'
snotreallymybusiness,but….
Facilitativestylesofaskingquestions
Iftheintentionofthequestionerisreallytoprompttheinterlocutorindisclosinginformationfreely,thenquestiontechniquesmaynotbeappropriateatall.Insteaditmightbebettertoechoandtoreformulateinordertogivetheinterlocutortheopportunitytoexpand.
Illustrativedialogue
A.Well,Iliveinaflatinaratherpoorpartoftown.
B.Poorpartoftown…?
A.Yes,it'
squitedirtyandthestreetsarebadlylit.That'
swhyIdon'
tlikegoingoutaloneatnight.
B.Soyou'
refrightenedtogooutalone?
A.Well,yesbecausewehearofattacksandmuggings.That'
swhyIwanttoleave.
Inthisdialogue,speakerBdoesn'
ttrytotaketheinitiative,butmerelyechoesandreformulatestopromptspeakerAtosaywhatworriesher.
PartIIILet’sTalkBusiness
LEADINGTHROUGHCHANGE:
Listeningasaleader
Often,whenwethinkofcommunication,wethinkofspeaking,presenting,writing--deliveringamessageinsomeway.Butaneffectivecommunicatorisalsoadept(擅长于)atreceivingmessages.Youwon'
tbudgepeopletowardagoaliftheydon'
tfeelthatthey'
vehadinput,thatthey'
vebeenheardandunderstood,andthatthevisionthey'
reworkingtowardisalsotheirownvision.Listeningtoyourfollowersistheonlywayyoucanmakethishappen.
Tobeagoodleader,HEAROUTwhatothershavetosay:
HoldjudgmentandholdeyefocusListencarefullyandwithanopenmind--ifyou'
redefensiveyoumaymisscriticalinformation.Don'
tformulateyouranswerwhileapersonisstillspeaking.Watchforsubtlebodylanguagethatmayofferextracluestothespeaker'
struemeaning.Also,holdeyefocus.Ifyoudon'
tlookatthepersonwhoisspeakingtoyou,youcan'
testablishtrust.Asaleader,youwantfollowerstotrustyouandbelieveinyou.
Endallothertasks.Showrespectforpeoplebyputtingasideyourpaper,lunch,etc.,anddon'
ttakephonecalls.You'
llbebetterregarded,andyou'
llsavetime.By"
doingitrightthefirsttime,"
therewon'
tbemisunderstandingsoranyneedtorepeatinformation.Bereadytojobdownnotesasthepersonspeaks.
Allowthespeakertofinish.Don'
tinterrupt.Don'
tchangethesubject.Don'
tfinishsentencesforthespeaker.Remainquietuntilyou'
resurethespeakerhascompletedhisorherthoughts.
Readbetweenthelines.Asyoulistentothespeaker,listenforwhatmightbeleftunsaid.It'
snotalwayseasyforapersontoapproachsomeoneinamoreseniorpositionandtellitlikeitis.Ifyouwanttogetanhonestopinionofsomeofyourideasandactions,you'
llneedtoprobe.You'
llalsoneedtovaluethatfeedbackandthepersonwhogaveittoy
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