学生版名词性从句文档格式.docx
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学生版名词性从句文档格式.docx
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wh-类连接词除起连接作用外,还在从句中作成分。
连接代词主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语等;
连接副词在从句中作状语。
4.It+谓语+主语从句
有时主语从句放在句首,句子显得笨重,常把主语从句移到句末,用it作形式主语。
常用的句型有以下四种:
(1)It+系动词+形容词+that/wh-从句
常用于这种句型的形容词有:
good,important,likely,unlikely,possible,clear,necessary,true,wrong,natural,strange。
(2)It+系动词+名词+that/wh-从句
常用于这种句型的名词有:
afact,agoodidea,anhonor,amystery,aquestion,apity,ashame,apleasure,nowonder,commonknowledge。
(3)It+系动词+过去分词+that/wh-从句
常用于这种句型的分词有:
known,proved,said,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,remembered,thought,considered,wellknown,hoped,turnedout,pointedout。
(4)It+不及物动词+that/wh-从句
常用于这种句型的动词有:
appear(似乎;
好像),happen,occur,(发生;
想起来)seem(看起来似乎;
好像)。
注意:
以上四种句型中前三种在表示建议、要求、命令、愿望、责任、义务时,从句谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略,翻译成“应该”,如表示的是过去的动作,要用“should+have+过去分词”形式。
如果表示对现在事物的惊奇、遗憾、惋惜时也常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略,翻译成“竟然;
居然”。
5.主语从句应注意的几个问题
(1)that引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句尾,但在下列情况下that从句不可提前。
在Itissaid/reported/believed/hopedthat…的结构中。
含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时。
在It+不及物动词+that的结构中。
(2)下面这种情况常用it作形式主语。
在Itdoesn’tmatter+what/whether/if/how…结构中。
(3)由what引导的主语从句谓语动词单复数问题
what引导的主语从句一般按单数对待,但是,在实际使用中究竟按单数还是按复数对待取决于其成分的含义。
主语从句分段练习题
1.____fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which
2.____the29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijingisknown.
A./B.WheneverC.WhatD.That
3.Thispaintingissplendid,but____weactuallyneeditisadifferentmatter.
A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.how
4.____hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.
A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif
5.____wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.
A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As
6.____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.
A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which
7.____wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.
A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who
8.Itisnoneofyourbusiness____otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.
A.howB.whatC.whichD.when
9.____seemedobvioustoeveryonepresentatthemeeting____Tomwasworried.
A.That;
thatB.It;
thatC.That;
whatD.It;
what
10.Itisashame____welostthatexpensivecar.
A.thatB.whenC.asD.if
11.TheForeignMinistrysaid,“____ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”
A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis
12.Itisyourownfault____youaresotired.Yououghtn’ttohavestayedupsolate.
A.whenB.howC.whereD.why
13.Itisknown____oneandonemakestwoiscorrect.
A.thatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhyD.thatall
14.____intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.
A.WhatisrequiredB.Whatrequires
C.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires
15.Itsuddenly____tomethatwecanaskourneighborstohelpus.
A.thoughtB.consideredC.cameD.occurred
16.Itisapitythathe____socareless.
A.wasB.willbeC.shouldbeD.canbe
17.Itisnecessarythathe____thecollegeentranceexamination.
A.shouldattendB.willattend
C.mustattendD.hadtoattend
18.____hasbeenannouncedthatweshallhaveourfinalexamnextmonth.
A.AsB.ItC.WhatD.That
19.Does____remaintobeseen____itwilldousharmorgood?
A.that;
thatB.this;
whetherC.it;
whetherD.it;
that
20.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter____itwas?
A.whereB.whatC.howD.which
21.Whatweneed____goodtextbooks.
A.isB.areC.haveD.has
22.Whatyousaid____thematterwearediscussing.
A.havesomethingtodoat
B.hassomethingtodowith
C.hadsomethingtodowith
D.hasbeensomethingtodowith
考点二、宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句称作宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的接接词大体一样,用法也一样,宾语从句可分为四类:
动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句,非谓语动词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
1.动词的宾语从句
(1)that引导的宾语从句
that常用来引导宾语从句,在口语和非正式文体中that常省去。
Richardhopes(that)theteacherwon’taskhimaquestion.
Ibelieve(that)youaretellingthetruth.
在ask,suggest,demand,desire,insist,order,command,propose,recommend,require等表示要求、愿望、命令、建议等意义的动词之后,that从句中常用“(should)+动词原形”这种虚拟语气形式来表达。
当主句谓语动词为feel,see,believe,expect,imagine,suppose,think等表示“认为”、“猜想”、“估计”的意思时,其后的宾语从句如果带否定意义,通常应将否定词“not”前置于主句谓语上。
补充:
在一些否定句中,表面上看是否定了一个句子成分,但实际上却否定了另外的成分,即所谓的“否定的转移”现象。
如果宾语从句后跟有补语,常用it作形式宾语,而将从句放到补语之后。
在口语和非正式文体中,引导宾语从句的that常省去,但是如果有两个that引导的从句作宾语,第二个that通常不能省略,以免引起歧义。
在由doubt,doubtful引导的宾语从句中,如果主句为肯定句,宾语从句的连接词常用whether或if;
如果主句为否定句或疑问句,宾语从句的连接词常用that。
(2)whether/if引导的宾语从句(直接引语与间接引语的转化)
whether/if引导的宾语从句,虽然是由一般疑问句转化而来,但要用陈述语序。
whether/if引导动词的宾语从句时,两者一般能互换,但在下列几种情况中,一般多用whether。
whether引导的宾语从句置于句首时。
如:
Whetherheisanexpert,Idon’tmind.
whether后紧跟ornot,不能用if;
whether与ornot分开,可用if。
TheydoubtwhetherornotJackisagoodstudent.
Iamwonderingwhether/ifitisappropriateornot.
discuss后的宾语从句。
Wearenowdiscussingwhetherweshouldgoswimming.
后接动词不定式时。
Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?
(3)wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句(直接引语与间接引语的转化)
wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来,但要用陈述语序。
2.作介词的宾语从句
(1)介词后面可以跟whether和wh-类连接词引导的从句。
(2)that从句通常不能跟在介词后面作宾语,但可跟在带有形式宾语it之后作介词的真正宾语。
这类词有seeto,dependon,relyon,counton等。
此外,在介词in,expect,besides和but之后可以跟that从句,但多被看作固定用法:
inthat(因为……);
expectthat(除了……);
butthat(要不是……)。
IknownothingabouthiscareerexceptthatheisagraduateofTsinghuaUniversity.
Hewouldhavehelpedusbutthathewasshortofmoneyatthattime.
(3)if和whether在引导宾语从句时可以互换。
但介词后的宾语从句只能用whether,不能用if。
Itisaquestionofwhetherweshouldgo.
Itdependsonwhetherhewillagreewithus.
3.作非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的宾语从句
(1)从句作不定式的宾语。
Itishardtosayhowlongtheoperationwilllast.
(2)从句作动名词的宾语。
Onlearning(that)Mr.Wangwasseriouslyill,thedoctorwenttoseehimatonce.
(3)从句作分词的宾语。
Knowing(that)thepatientwasveryweak,thenursesawhimhome.
4.作形容词的宾语从句
某些表示感情色彩或表示动态的形容词或分词(如:
afraid,amazed,annoyed,anxious,aware,certain,confident,conscious,disappointed,doubtful,glad,pleased,sure,surprised等)作表语时,后面可跟一个意义上相当于宾语的名词性从句。
Shewasafraidthatshewouldloseface.
Iamnotcertainwhetherhewillgowithus.
Ourfootballteamfeelsproudthatithaswoneverymatchthisyear.
5.宾语从句的时态
主句与从句时态一致的问题
如果主句是现在时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
Iknowhelivedinacityfouryearsago.
Hesaysheisgoingtoswimwithhisfriendtomorrow.
如果主句是过去范畴内的时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么从句中一定要用过去范畴内的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
Hesaidthathehadseenthefilm.
Shesaidthatshewouldcome.
Wediscussedwhetherweshouldlethimoff.
如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时。
Myfathertoldme(that)CanadaisonthenorthofAmerica.
HesaidYaoMingismuchtallerthanhim.
宾语从句分段练习题
1.Wewerewarned____thejourneywouldbedangerous.
A.ifB.whetherC.howD.that
2.Itwasseveralyears____Ifinallyrealized____Davidhadliedtome.
A.when;
thatB.that;
whenC.before;
thatD.until;
why
3.Theleadersofthebattleordered____allofus____theworkontime.
A.if;
finishedB.that;
finish
C.whether;
finishedD.what;
finished
4.Theguardofthemeetinginsistedthateverybody____therules.
A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey
5.Mrs.Blackdoesn’tbelievehersonisabletodesignadigitalcamera,____?
A.isheB.isn’theC.doesn’tsheD.doesshe
6.Theworkerconsider____important____thebosswouldagreetogivethemarise.
howB.it;
whetherC.this;
ifD.it;
how
7.Whydon’tyoubring____tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit?
A.whatB.itC.thisD.that
8.Hetoldmehehadgotusedtothelifethereand____shewasmakingprogress.
A.whatB./C.thatD.if
9.Canyoudoubt____hewillwin?
A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.what
10.Wedon’tdoubt____he’llgiveusmuchhelp.____wedoubtis____he’llcomeontime.
A.whether;
That;
whenB.that;
What;
whether
C.whether;
whetherD.that;
Why;
11.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand____itisroughorsmooth.
A./B.whetherC.howD.what
12.Whenasked____theyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.
A.whatB.whyC.whomD.which
13.Wecannotfigureout____quiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
14.—Wouldyoutellme____youwantyourtea,withsugarormilk?
—Sugar,please.
A.whetherB.whenC.whatD.how
15.Ashisbestfriend,Icanmakeaccurateguessesabout____hewilldoorthink.
A.whatB.whichC.whomD.that
16.Choosingtherightdictionarydependson____youwanttouseitfor,
A.whatB.whyC.howD.whether
17.Willyouseeto____thatmychildrenaretakengoodcareofwhileIamaway?
A.themB.yourselfC.meD.it
18.Humanbeingsaredifferentfromanimals____theycanuselanguageasatooltocommunicate.
A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich
19.Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning____histeammateshaddone.
A.whatB.whichC.whyD.while
20.Mostoftheuniversitystudentsareconfident____theycangetagoodjobwithhigherpay.
A.whetherB.thatC.whereD.when
21.Ithinkfatherwouldliketoknow____I’vebeenuptosofa
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