精英英语Word文档格式.docx
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精英英语Word文档格式.docx
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known),
lay
(laid,
laid),
lead
(led,
led),
leave
(left,
left),
lend
(lent,
lent),lie
(lay,
lain
lie
(lied,
lied),
lose
(lost,
lost),
make
(made,
made),
mean
(meant,
meant),meet
(met,
met),
mistake
(mistook,
mistaken),
pay
(paid,
paid),
put
(put,
put),
read
(read,
ring
(rang,
rung
rise
(rose,
risen
run
(ran,
say
(said,
said
see
(saw,
seen),
sell
(sold,
sold
send
(sent,
sent
shake
(shook,
shaken
set
(set,
shine
(shone,
shone),
shoot(
shot,
shot),
show
(showed,
shown
shut
(shut,
shut),
sing
(sang,
sung
),sink
(sank,
sunk
)sit
(sat,
sat),
sleep
(slept,
slept),
smell
(smelt,
smelt
speak
(spoke,
spoken),
spell
(spelt,
spelt),
spend
(spent,
spent
stand
(stood,
stood),
steal
(stole,
stolen),
swim
(swam,
swum),
take
(took,
taken),
teach
(taught,
taught),tear
(tore,
torn),tell
(told,
told
think
(thought,
thought),throw
(threw,
thrown),understand
(understood,
understood),
wake
(woke,
woken),
wear
(wore,
worn),
win
(won,
won),write
(wrote,
written),
(3)不规则名词复数变化:
child,(children),
Englishman
(Englishmen),
Frenchman
(Frenchmen),foot
(feet
knife
(knives),
leaf
(leaves),
life
(lives),man
(men),mouse
(mice),ox
(oxen),
policeman
(policemen),
sheep
(sheep),
thief
(thieves),
tooth
(teeth),woman
(women),
(4)代词:
I,
my,
me,
mine,
myself
We,
our,
us,
ours,
ourselves
you,
your,
yours,
yourself,
yourselves,
你\你们
he,
his,
him,
himself,
she,
her,
hers,
herself,
they,
their,
them,
theirs,
themselves
他们\她们
it,
its,
itself
(5)高级词汇:
(300)
absent,
absence,
advantage,
disadvantage,
adventure,
advance,
altogether,
anxiety,
apologize,
astonished,
astonishing,
atmosphere
气氛,
apart
from除…都,
除…外(还有),appearance
外表,外貌,出现,balance,
beautify,
celebrate,
communicate,
communication交流,沟通comfort
confident
自信的,
confidence信心,自信心,
consideration,
…
into
consideration对
进行考虑,
crazy,
criticize批评,责备,
decision,
delicious,
deliver,
delighted,
demand,
depth,
destination
目的地desire,
determine,
determination,
description,
decrease,
disappointed,
disappointing,
disturb,
division,
during,
encourage,
encouragement鼓励
n
endless,
employ,
enjoyable令
愉快的,
enthusiastic
热情的,热心的,enter,
entrance,
environment
环境,
escape,
especially,
eventually
最后,终于exact,
exactly,
excellent,
exhibition,
expectaion期待,期望expensive,
experience,
experiment,
explanation,
extremely,
eyesight,
favourite,
foundation基础,
fortunate,
fortunately,
unfortunate,
unfortunately不幸的是,
frequent,
frequently,
frightening,
frightened,
furniture,
generation,
gentle,
glance,
goal,
gradually,
greatly,
greet,
happiness,
hardly,
hard-working,
height,
helpful,
human
being,
imagine,
immediate,
immediately,
international,
interrupt,
lately(recently),
length,
limit,
limited,
lively活泼的,活跃的,
lovely,可爱的
luggage,
meanwhile,
measure,测量,措施,
magazine,
marriage,
material,
opportunity机会,
major,
majority,
memory,
mention,
normal,
nowadays,
a
number
of,
nervous紧张的,
outstanding,
permit,
without
permission
未经同意persuade,
pleasant,
pleasure,
plenty
precious,
pronounce,
pronunciation,
provide
sth.
for
sb.,
pretend,
pretty,
punish,
punishment惩罚,
purpose,
rapid,
realize,
realization,
recognize,
request,
remain,
remind,
relative,
relation,
relationship,
regular,
require,
research,
respect,
restaurant,
revolution,
satisfied,
satisfaction满意
n,
sandwich,
satisfy,
score,
scores
seldom,
science,
scientific,
scientist,
scold责备,
sentence,
sentence
sb.
to
death,
separate,
separate…
from,
sense,
sense
serious,
servant,
serve,
service,
several,
shame,
shape,
share,
sharp,
shelf,
shock,
shocked,
shortcoming,缺点
sight,
sight
in
sign,
similar,
be
similar
to,
silver,
slightly,
smooth,
social,
socialist,
socialism,
special,
specially,
speech,
struggle,
straight,
strength,
strengthen加强,巩固,suffer,
sudden,
suddenly,
stare,
splendid,
standard水平,标准starve,
starvation,
stomach,
stomachache,
standard,
stupid,
suppose,
supply,
surface,
surprise,
surprise惊奇地,
surprising,
surprisingly
令人吃惊地,surprised,
threaten,
technical,
technology,
teenager
十几岁的青少年,telegraph,
temperature温度,tradition传统,traditional传统的,through
thick
and
thin不顾艰难,
同甘共苦transport,
treasure,
as
usual
像平常一样,
usually,
valley,
valuable,
value,
variety,
various,
vegetable,
university,
unknown,
up
down,
wealth,
wealthy,
willing
语法复习一:
句子成分;
简单句、并列句和复合句
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义:
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分有主语和谓语;
次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there
be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
一句话语法:
主语由名词性的词来充当.
例如:
During
the
1990s,
American
country
music
has
become
more
popular.(名词)
We
often
English
class.(代词)
One-third
of
students
this
class
are
girls.(数词)
To
river
is
great
pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking
does
harm
health.(动名词)
The
rich
should
help
poor.(名词化的形容词)
When
we
going
have
an
test
not
been
decided.(主语从句)
It
necessary
master
foreign
language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
三)谓语:
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语由动词充当.
有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词.
谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:
由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:
He
practices
running
every
morning.
2、复合谓语:
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
注意:
这里面的动词原形非常重要.
You
may
book
two
weeks.
bad
cold.
(2)由系动词加表语构成。
students.
(四)表语:
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,
become,
get,
look,
grow,
turn,
seem等)之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
表语使用形容词,不用副词!
Our
teacher
American.(名词)
Is
it
yours?
(代词)
weather
turned
cold.(形容词)
speech
exciting.(分词)
Three
times
seven
twenty
one?
(数词)
His
job
English.(不定式)
hobby(爱好)is
playing
football.(动名词)
machine
must
out
order.(介词短语)
Time
up.
over.(副词)注意:
副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:
我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住.
truth
that
he
never
abroad.(表语从句)
(七)定语:
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
定语使用形容词
定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin
beautiful
city.(形容词)
China
developing
country;
America
developed
country.(分词)
There
thirty
women
teachers
our
school.(名词)
rapid
progress
made
us
surprised.(代词)
monitor
always
first
enter
classroom.(不定式短语)
teaching
plan
next
term
worked
out.(动名词)
reading
article
about
how
learn
English.(介词短语)
(八)状语:
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法:
状语用副词,不用形容词),说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
可由以下形式表示:
Light
travels
most
quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
lived
city
ten
years.(介词短语)
proud
passed
national
college
entrance
examination.(不定式短语)
room
making
model
plane.(分词短语)
Wait
minute.(名词)
Once
you
begin,
continue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
How
meeting
again
at
six?
(时间状语)(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢?
对喽,就是原因状语)
Last
night
she
didn’t
dance
party
because
rain.(原因状语)
I
shall
there
if
doesn’t
rain.(条件状语)
Mr
Smith
lives
on
third
floor.(地点状语)
She
eggs
basket
with
care.(方式状语)
came
dictionary
her
hand.(伴随状语)
In
order
others,
work
harder.(目的状语)
was
so
tired
fell
asleep
immediately.(结果状语)
works
very
hard
though
old.(让步状语)
am
taller
than
is.(比较状语)
二、简单句、并列句和复合句
(一)句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种:
1)陈述句(肯定、否定):
six
years
old;
before.
特点:
用句号结束一个句子
2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):
Do
they
like
skating?
old
he?
or
old?
Mary
can
swim,
can’t
she?
疑问句就是问句
3)祈使句:
Be
careful,
boys;
Don’t
talk
class
祈使句:
表示命令或者请求.
和有没有主语没有关系
4)感叹句:
clever
boy
is!
还有一个结构是用
what.
后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.
2、按句子的结构可分三种:
1)简单句:
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
e.g.
reads
Tom
Mike
boys.
likes
drawing
draws
pictures
wall
newspapers.
2)
并列句:
由并列连词(and,
but,
or等)或分号(;
)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.
him
helps
you.
future
bright;
road
tortuous.
前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
3)复合句:
含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。
复合句包含:
名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。
有主句和从句构成,在一个句子前面加上连词(当然不是and,but,or了),这个句子就是从句了.
visitors
took
lot
when
were
Great
Wall.
(二)简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语:
student.
2、主语+不及物动词:
work.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语:
Henry
bought
dictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):
My
father
me
car.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):
baby
laugh.
注:
其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
这是非常重要的,不需要理解,背下来吧
注二:
简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。
虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多,但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解,在书面表达中,没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
(三)并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and,
only…but
also…,
neither…nor…,
then等连接。
teacher’s
name
Smith,
student’s
John.
2、表示选择,常用的连词有or,
either…or…,
otherwise等。
Hurry
up,
you’ll
miss
train.
3、表示转折,常用的连词有but,
still,
however,
yet,
while,
when等。
little
man
glasses,
but
had
strange
way
his
classes
lively
interesting.
4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so,
for,
therefore等。
August
time
year
rive
harvest,
day
from
dawn
until
dark.
这里大家记住这些连词就够用了.如果一下子记不住这么多,就记一个两个,记住有的时候不要和自己较劲
高考语法复习二、主谓一致
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