托福TPO46阅读文本题附答案Word格式.docx
- 文档编号:22557717
- 上传时间:2023-02-04
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:18
- 大小:24.30KB
托福TPO46阅读文本题附答案Word格式.docx
《托福TPO46阅读文本题附答案Word格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《托福TPO46阅读文本题附答案Word格式.docx(18页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
inevitably,literacywaslargelylimitedtoasmallprofessionalclass,thescribes.
TheAkkadiansconqueredtheSumeriansaroundthemiddleofthethirdmillenniumB.C.E.,andtheytookoverthevariouscuneiformsignsusedforwritingSumerianandgavethemsoundandwordvaluesthatfittheirownlanguage.■TheBabyloniansandAssyriansdidthesame,andsodidpeoplesinSyriaandAsiaMinor.■TheliteratureoftheSumerianswastreasuredthroughouttheNearEast,andlongafterSumerianceasedtobespoken,theBabyloniansandAssyriansandotherskeptitaliveasaliterarylanguage,thewayEuropeanskeptLatinaliveafterthefallofRome.■Forthescribesofthesenon-Sumerianlanguages,trainingwasdoublydemandingsincetheyhadtoknowthevaluesofthevariouscuneiformsignsforSumerianaswellasfortheirownlanguage.■
Thecontentsoftheearliestclaytabletsaresimplenotationsofnumbersofcommodities—animals,jars,baskets,etc.Writing,itwouldappear,startedasaprimitiveformofbookkeeping.Itsusesoonwidenedtodocumentthemultitudinous
thingsandactsthatareinvolvedindailylife,fromsimpleinventoriesofcommoditiestocomplicatedgovernmentalrulesandregulations.
Archaeologistsfrequentlyfindclaytabletsinbatches.Thebatches,someofwhichcontainthousandsoftablets,consistforthemostpartofdocumentsofthetypesjustmentioned:
bills,deliveries,receipts,inventories,loans,marriagecontracts,divorcesettlements,courtjudgments,andsoon.Theserecordsoffactualmatterswerekeptinstoragetobeavailableforreference-theywere,ineffect,files,or,tousethetermpreferredbyspecialistsintheancientNearEast,archives.Nowandthenthesefilesincludepiecesofwritingthatareofadistinctlydifferentorder,writingsthatdonotmerelyrecordsomematteroffactbutinvolvecreativeintellectualactivity.Theyrangefromsimpletextbookmaterialtoliterature-andtheymakeanappearanceveryearly,evenfromthethirdmillenniumBCE.
1.Theword“key”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
Ofrequent
Oessential
Ooriginal
Ofamiliar
2.Theword“virtue”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
Oprice
Odesign
Odesirablequality
Ophysicalcharacteristic
3.WhichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationInthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.
OInpartbecauseofitslowcostandeaseofuse,claybecamethepreferredwritingmaterialthroughoutMesopotamiaandwellbeyondit
OClaywascheapthroughoutMesopotamia,soclaytabletsfromMesopotamiabecamethepreferredwritingmaterialasfarastheMediterranean.
OForawhile,thedaytabletwasthepreferredwritingmaterialinCreteandGreece.
OMoreover,becausedaywasusedasthewritingmaterialofchoiceinMesopotamia,Syria,AsiaMinor,Persia,andtheMediterranean,itwascheapandpopular.
4.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2aboutclayasawritingmaterial?
OIthadtobebakedbeforeitcouldbewrittenon
OItsgoodpointsoutweigheditsbadpoints.
OItsdurabilitywasitsmostimportantfeatureforitsusers.
OItwasnotavailableinEgypt.
5.Inparagraph2,whydoestheauthordiscusstheEgyptianuseofpapyrusasawritingmaterial^
OTodescribethesuperiofityofpapyrusoverleattierandwoodasawritingmaterial
OToexplainwhywritinginEgyptdidnotdevelopasquicklyasitdidMesopotamia
OToexplainwhyarchaeologists'
knowledgeoftheearlyhistoryofwritingreliesmainlyonSumeriancuneiform
OToexplainwhytheSumerianspreferredclaytabletsforwritingoverpapyrus
6.Accordingtoparagraph3,allofthefollowingaretrueofcuneiformwritingEXCEPT:
OItwascomposedofverysimpleshapes
OItwasperfectedbytheancientSumerians.
OItinfluencedthechoiceofmaterialonwhichitwaswritten.
OItwasunderstoodbyveryfewSumerians.
7.Accordingtoparagraph4,howdidtheAkkadiansusetheSumerianlanguage?
OTheyusedSumerianforspeakingbutusedtheirownnationallanguageforwriting.
OTheyusedthecomplexcuneiformsignsdevelopedbytheBabyloniansandAssyriansratherthantheSumeriansigns.
OTheydevelopedtheirowncuneiformshapesonclaytabletstoreplacethoseusedbytheSumerians.
OTheyassignednewsoundandwordvaluestothesignsofSumeriancuneiform.
8.Paragraph4answersallthefollowingquestionsaboutSumerianwritingintheperiodaftertheSumerianswereconqueredEXCEPT:
ODidSumerianliteraturecontinuetoberead?
ODidSumeriancontinuetobespoken?
ODidscribescomposenewtextsinSumerian?
ODidSumerianhavethesamefateasLatinhadafterthefallofRome?
9.Theword"
document"
inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
Oinclude
Oinfluence
Oorganize
Orecord
10.Accordingtoparagraph5,writingwasfirstusedfor
Osimplebookkeeping
Odescriptionsofdailyevents
Ocountingthecontentsofclaytablets
Ogovernmentreports
11.Thephrase“Nowandthen”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
Oalways
Ooccasionally
Osoonerorlater
Ofirstandlast
12.Accordingtoparagraph6,largebatchesofclaywritingtabletswerestoredbecausethetablets
Owerebeingproducedquicklyandinlargequantities
OdidnotserveanypracticalpurposeformostMesopotamians
Ocontainedinformationthatneededtobeavailableforfuturereference
Ocouldnotbeusedagainoncetheyhadbeenwrittenon
13.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.
However,theSumerianlanguagedidnotentirelydisappear.
Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?
Clickonasquare[■]toaddthesentencetothepassage
14.Directions:
Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassageSomesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.
DragyouranswerchoicestothespaceswheretheybelongToremoveananswerchoice,clickonit.
Toreviewthepassage,clickVIEWTEXT
TheearliestexamplesofwritinghavebeenfoundinMesopotamiaanddatetoshortlybefore3000B.C.E.
AnswerChoices
WritingwasinventedinthesameareasinwhichcivilizationbeganbytheancientcivilizationsofMesopotamia,AsiaMinorandtheMediterranean.
Thedevelopmentofcuneiformisknownbecauseitwaswrittenonalong-lastingmaterialandbecauseitwaslongandwidelyusedthroughouttheancientNearEast.
Cuneiformtabletsgenerallydealtwithbusinessandfactualmatters,butothertopics,includingliterature,werealsorecordedandvalued.
WritingwasdevelopedfirstbytheSumeriansusingwedgeshapedmarks(cuneiform)onclaytabletsandthenbytheEgyptiansusingpapyruspaper.
ScribesusingcuneiforminAssyria,Babylon,SyriaandAsiaMinorhadtolearnall
thelanguagesthatusedthecuneiformscript.
Batchesofclaytablets,sometimeswithasmanyasathousandtabletseach,areoftenfoundbyarchaeologists.
2.TheCommercialRevolutioninMedievalEurope
Beginninginthe1160s,theopeningofnewsilverminesinnorthernEuropeledtothemintingandcirculationofvastquantitiesofsilvercoins.Thewidespreaduseofcashgreatlyincrea
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 托福 TPO46 阅读 文本 答案
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)