中美谚语Cultural differences between Chinese proverbs and American proverbsWord格式文档下载.docx
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中美谚语Cultural differences between Chinese proverbs and American proverbsWord格式文档下载.docx
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总的说来,英美文化的主线是个人主义,而中国文化则以集体主义为主线。
此外,英美文化受宗教的影响比较大,而儒家思想则在中国的文化中留下深深的烙印,漫长的封建社会对中国文化的影响也是显而易见。
本文主要是从自然环境,生活方式,宗教思想和观念,哲学观念和家庭方面,讨论了英语和汉语谚语之间的不同,从而为英语和汉语文化交流提供一些启发。
关键词:
谚语;
文化差异;
语言
CulturalDifferencesbetweenChineseProverbsandAmericanProverbs
Abstract
Proverbsarethesummaryofexperiencewhichpeoplegetfromtheeverydaywork.Thecontentsofproverbsareincisiveandprofound,whichreflectsthegeography,history,socialsystem,philosophyoflife,socialpointsandculturalconnotation.Asalanguage,theuniquecharmoftheproverbisthatitisamarrowofthenationalculture,whichnotonlyreflectsthecommonnessofanationalculturebutalsoreflectsindividuality-itisaffectedbytheconceptoftheethnicgroupsvalue,religiousbelief,aesthetichabits,historyandculture,thesocialsystemandthesocialideology.
Asitismentionedabove,thelanguageandcultureareinseparable.Languageisapartoftheculture,butitselfisalsoaspecialculture.Therelationshipbetweenthelanguageandcultureisbi-directionalimpact.Somesociologistthinkthatlanguageisthebaseoftheculture-thereisnolanguage,thereisnoculture.Ontheotherhand,thelanguageisalsoinfluencedbycultureandreflectstheculture.Namely,languagereflectsthecharacteristicsofanation,whichnotonlycontainsthehistoricalandculturalbackgroundofthenation,butalsoimplicatesthepeoples'
viewoflife,lifestyle,andwaysofthinking.
Differentpeoplesinthelonghistoricalprocessgivebirthtotheuniqueculture.Overall,themainlineoftheAnglo-AmericancultureisindividualismandthemainlineoftheChinesecultureiscollectivism.Inaddition,theAnglo-Americancultureisgreatlyinfluencedbythereligion.ConfucianismleavesadeepimprintintheChinesecultureandobviouslythelongfeudalsocietyhasaffectedChineseculture.
ThisessayillustratesanddiscussestheculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseproverbsfromnaturalenvironment,livingways,religiousconcepts,philosophyconceptsandfamilyconcept,soastoprovidesomeimplicationforEnglishstudyingandinterculturalcommunication.
KeyWords:
proverb;
culturedifference;
language
Content
摘要I
AbstractII
Introduction-1-
1Proverb
-2-
1.1ProverbIntroduction-2-
1.2GrammaticalStructureofProverbs-2-
1.3ProverbsinConversation-3-
1.4ProverbsinLiterature-3-
1.5CounterProverbs-3-
1.6SourcesofProverbs-4-
1.7ApplicationsofProverbs-4-
1.8ProverbsandReligion-5-
1.9ProverbsinAdvertising-5-
2Culture-7-
2.1AmericanCulture-7-
2.2ChineseCulture-8-
3ProverbsandCulture-9-
4CulturalDifferencesinChinese-AmericanProverbs-10-
4.1Environment-10-
4.1.1GeographicalConditions-10-
4.1.2WayofLiving-10-
4.2ReligiousThought-11-
4.3NationalCharacters-12-
4.4PhilosophyConcepts-12-
4.5ConceptoftheFamily-13-
Conclusion-15-
Bibliography-16-
Acknowledgments-17-
Introduction
Asweallknow,todaytheworldisjustlikeabigvillageandeverydaywecanknowmanythingsaroundtheworld.Peopleintheworldfeelthatthecommunicationbetweendifferentcountriesbecomemoreandmoreimportantandtheyfocusonmanytopicssuchas,theenvironmentoftheearth,politics,religion,culture,economy,travelandsoon.
Throughcommunication,peoplecanunderstandeachotherbetter.Wehavemanytradefairstointroduceourproductsandresearch.Wetalkaboutourexperiencesinthelifewithpeoplefromothercountries.Wecantraveltoothercountriestoseetheirscenicspots.AndwealsocanexchangeourviewsaboutmanydifferentthingsthroughtheInternet.Alloftheseneedustolisten,read,speakandwrite,whichrequiresustolearnEnglishwell.
NowmanyforeignfriendscometoChina,someofthemarehereforstudyandwork;
othersareforbusiness,andsomefewarefortravel,allofthemneedtocommunicatewithus.IfwespeakEnglishwellandknowtheirculture,wecanunderstandeachotherbetter.Evenifthere'
ssomedisagreementsbetweenus,westillcanfindanotherwaytosolvetheproblem.
Englishisanimportantlanguagewhichisthemostwidelyusedintheworld.PeoplefromdifferentcountriesarelearningEnglishandtheyallhavethesamegoal,thatistoexchangetheirideassothatourliveswillbecomemorecolorfulandhappier.Forexample,whenweseeaforeignfilmandcanunderstandtheconversations,wewillfeelit'
ssofunnyandinteresting.Inaddition,whenweworkwithforeignpeople,wecanlearnmanyadvancedmethods.
However,onlyknowingtheEnglishwordsisnotenough.Ifwewanttocommunicatewiththem,itisalsonecessaryforustounderstandtheirculture.Theculturehasveryimportantinfluenceonthecharacteristicsofthelanguage.Inanotherway,languageisalsoapartofculture,sounderstandingtheEnglishcultureisveryimportantfortheEnglishstudying.Itiswellknownthatdifferentcountriessetuptheirownculturalsystemandformtheirownuniquepsychologicalcharacteristics.Therearesomanydifferencesbetweenthetwonations,especiallytheChinesecultureandtheEnglish.SothedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishproverbsareveryObvious.Proverbsisarefinedlanguage.Aproverbisasimpleandconcretesaying,popularlyknownandrepeated,thatexpressesatruthbasedoncommonsenseorthepracticalexperienceofhumanity.Theyareoftenmetaphorical.
SointhisessayIhopetoshowtheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandAmericabytheirownproverbs.AndIwillfigureitoutfromsociety,region,religiousconcepts,nationalpsychologicaldifferencesandsoon.AndIhopeitishelpfulfortheEnglishstudyingandteaching.
1Proverb
1.1ProverbIntroduction
Aproverbisasimpleandconcretesaying,popularlyknownandrepeated,thatexpressesatruthbasedoncommonsenseorthepracticalexperienceofhumanity.Theyareoftenmetaphorical.Aproverbthatdescribesabasicruleofconductmayalsobeknownasamaxim.
Proverbsareoftenborrowedfromsimilarlanguagesandcultures,andsometimescomedowntothepresentthroughmorethanonelanguage.BoththeBible(including,butnotlimitedtotheBookofProverbs)andmedievalLatin(aidedbytheworkofErasmus)haveplayedaconsiderableroleindistributingproverbsacrossEurope,althoughalmosteveryculturehasexamplesofitsown.
Proverbsarefoundinmanypartsoftheworld,butsomeareasseemtohavericherstoresofproverbsthanothers(suchasWestAfrica),whileothershavehardlyany(NorthandSouthAmerica).Proverbsareoftenborrowedacrosslinesoflanguage,religion,andeventime.Forexample,aproverboftheapproximateform“Nofliesenteramouththatisshut”iscurrentlyfoundinSpain,Ethiopia,andmanycountriesinbetween.Itisembracedasatruelocalproverbinmanyplacesandshouldnotbeexcludedinanycollectionofproverbsbecauseitissharedbytheneighbors.However,thoughithasgonethroughmultiplelanguages,theproverbcanbetracedbacktoanancientBabylonianproverb.
1.2GrammaticalStructureofProverbs
Proverbsinvariouslanguagesarefoundwithawidevarietyofgrammaticalstructures.InEnglish.forexample,wefindthefollowingstructures(inadditiontoothers):
∙Imperative,negative-Don'
tbeatadeadhorse.
∙Imperative,positive-Lookbeforeyouleap.
∙Parallelphrases-Garbagein,garbageout.
∙Rhetoricalquestion-IsthePopeCatholic?
∙Declarativesentence-Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.
However,peoplewilloftenquoteonlyafractionofaproverbtoinvokeanentireproverb,e.g."
Allisfair"
insteadof"
Allisfairinloveandwar"
and"
Arollingstone"
for"
Arollingstonegathersnomoss."
1.3ProverbsinConversation
Proverbsareusedinconversationbyadultsmorethanchildren,partiallybecauseadultshavelearnedmoreproverbsthanchildren.Also,usingproverbswellisaskillthatisdevelopedoveryears.Additionally,childrenhavenotmasteredthepatternsofmetaphoricalexpressionthatareinvokedinproverbuse.Proverbs,becausetheyareindirect,allowaspeakertodisagreeorgiveadviceinawaythatmaybelessoffensive.Studyingactualproverbuseinconversation,however,isdifficultsincetheresearchermustwaitforproverbstohappen.
1.4ProverbsinLiterature
Manyauthorshaveusedproverbsintheirwritings.ProbablythemostfamoususerofproverbsinnovelsisJ.R.R.TolkieninhisTheHobbitandTheLordoftheRingsseries.Also,C.S.LewiscreatedadozenproverbsinTheHorseandHisBoy.Thesebooksarenotablefornotonlyusingproverbsasintegraltothedevelopmentofthecharactersandthestoryline,butalsoforcreatingproverbs.
Proverbshavealsobeenusedstrategicallybypoets.Sometimesproverbs(orportionsofthemoranti-proverbs)areusedfortitles,suchas"
Abirdinthebush"
byLordKennetand"
Theblindleadingtheblind"
byLisaMueller.Sometimes,multipleproverbsareimportantpartsofpoems,suchasPaulMuldoon'
s"
Symposium"
whichbegins"
Youcanleadahorsetowaterbutyoucan'
tmakeitholditsnosetothegrindstoneandhuntwiththehounds.Everydoghasastitchintime..."
1.5CounterProverbs
Thereareoftenproverbsthatcontradicteachother,suchas"
Lookbeforeyouleap"
and"
Hewhohesitatesislost."
Thes
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