奥鹏北京语言大学21春《阅读II》作业1docWord文档格式.docx

奥鹏北京语言大学21春《阅读II》作业1docWord文档格式.docx

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【参考答案】:

D

2.TheinventorofspectaclesprobablylivedinthetownofParis,Italy,around1286,andwasalmostcertainlyacraftsmanworkinginglass.Butnobodyknowshisname.WeonlyknowthismuchabouthimbecauseFriarGiordanepreachedasermononeWednesdaymorninginFebruary1306atachurchinFlorence."

It＇snotyet20yearssincetherewasfoundtheartofmakingeye-glasseswhichmakeforgoodvision,"

saidtheFriar."

Oneofthebestartsandmostnecessarythattheworldhas.Soshortatimeisitsincetherewasinventedanewartthatneverexisted.Ihaveseenthemanwhofirstinventedandcreatedit,andIhavetalkedtohim."

WeknowwhatFriarGiordanesaidbecauseadmirerscopiedhissermonsdownashegavethem.Theinventorofspectaclesapparentlykeptthemethodofmakingthemtohimself.Perhapshethoughtthiswasthebestwayofgettingmoneyfromhisinvention.Buttheideasoongotaround.Asearlyas1300,craftsmeninVenice,thecentreofEurope＇sglassindustry,weremakingthenew"

disksfortheeyes"

.Spectaclesatfirstwereonlyshapedforfar-sightedpeople.Concavelenses,forshort-sightedpeople,werenotdevelopeduntilthelate15thcentury.Spectaclesallowedpeopletogoonreadingandstudyinglongafterbadeyesightwouldnormallyhaveforcedthemtogiveup.Theywerelikeanewpairofeyes.Theinventorofsuchavaluablethingshouldbehonored,everyonethought.Butforcenturiesnoonehadanyideawhotheinventorreallywas.Soallkindsofcandidateswereputforward:

Dutch,English,German,Italiansfromrivalcities.AfakememorialwaserectedlastcenturyinachurchinFlorencetohonoramanasthetrueinventorofspectacles-butheneverevenexisted.问题：

Thefirstrecordofthespectaclesistobefoundin（）

A.newspapers 

B.churchsermons 

C.tradereports 

D.praisesofJordan 

B

3.Hemingwaywasbornin1899inOakPark,Illinois,aprosperoussuburbofChicago.Hisfather,aphysician,wasanenthusiastichunterandfishemanwhotaughthissontohandlearodandagun.Hemingway'

srespectfortheseskillsandhisloveoftheopenairrunthroughhiswriting.Hehastiredtocapturethepointofview,actions,feelings,andspeechofmenwhoexcelintheactivitiesheadmires.InschoolHemingwaywasagoodstudent,withawiderangeofinterestsbeyondtheclassroom.Hewasknownasaboxer,afootballplayer,amemberoftheswimmingteam,andmanagerofthetrackteam.For3yearsheplayedintheschoolorchestra.Butmuchofhisactivitywasconnectedwithwords,whichweretobehislifelongpreoccupation.Firstasreporter,thenaseditor,hegainedexperienceontheschoolpaper,towhichhecontributedarticlesandstories.WhenHemingwaygraduatedfromhighschoolin1917,WorldWarIwasstillbeingfought.AfterafewmonthsasareporterontheKansasCityStar,hesailedforEuropeinMay,1918,asavolunteerambulancedriverandlatertransferredtotheItalianinfantry.Twoweeksbeforehis19thbirthdayalegwoundbroughthimclosetodeath.WaranddeathhavebeenrecurrentthemesinHemingway'

swriting.Ofwarhehassaid,"

IthoughtaboutTolstoiandaboutwhatagreatadvantageanexperienceofwarwastoawriter.Itwasoneofthemajorsubjectsandcertainlyoneofthehardesttowritetrulyof..."

问题：

Accordingtoparagraphone,Hemingwaylearnedfromhisfatherallofthefollowingexcept（）

A.fishing 

B.hunting 

C.writing 

D.loveoftheopenair 

C

4.Twobasicmodelsofparentalinfluenceemergefromallthiscompetitionandvariety,however.One,looselybasedonFreudianideas,haspresentedanimageofthevulnerablechild:

childrenaresensitivebeings,easilydamagednotonlybytraumaticeventsandemotionalstress,butalsobyoverdosesofaffection.The2ndmodelisthatofthebehaviorists,whoseintellectualancestors,theempiricistphilosophers,describedthechild'

smindasatabularasa,orblankslate.Thebehavioristmodelofchild-rearingisbasedontheviewthatthechildismalleable,andparentsarethereforecastintheroleofPygmalionswhocanshapetheirchildrenhowevertheywish."

Givemeadozenhealthyinfants,well-formed,andmyownspecifiedworldtobringthemupin,"

wroteJ.B.Watson,thefatherofmodernbehaviorism,"

andI'

llguaranteetotakeanyoneatrandomandtrainhimtobeanytypeofspecialistImight-doctor,lawyer,artist,merchant,chief,andyes,evenbeggarmanandthief!

"

Theimageofthevulnerablechildcallsforgentleparentswhoaresensitivetotheirchild'

sinner-mostthoughtsandfeelingsinordertoprotecthimfromtrauma.Theimageofthemalleablechildrequiresstemparentswhocoollyfollowthedictatesoftheirownexplicittrainingprocedures:

onlytheearlyeradicationofbadhabitsineating,sleeping,crying,canfendoffpermanentmaladjustments.问题：

Agoodtitlefortheabovepassageis（）

A.TwoModelsofParenting 

B.Twochildimages 

C.TheroleofPygmalions 

D.J.B.Watsonandhismodernbehaviorism 

A

5.Youdon＇thavetosetupafoundationorspendhoursraisingmoneytohelptheenvironment.JoeyGordon-Levitt,16,doeshispartbysimplycollectinghisnewspapers,plastic,andcans-andhavethemrecycled."

Everyoneshouldrecycle,"

theteenstarsays.SingerandactorBetterMidlergoesastepfurther-Shepicksupotherpeople＇sgarbage.Forexample,MidlerhashelpedremovetruckloadsoftrashfromFortTryonParkinNewYorkCity.Suchsimpleeffortsattrashcollectionandreductionarecatchingon.Lastyear,theEnvironmentalProtectionAgencycounted7,500recyclingprogramsintheUS.That＇supfromjust1,000programsin1988.Almosthalfofthecountry＇spopulationnowlivesintownsandcitieswithcurbsiderecycling.Sowe＇reontherighttracktoreducingtrash.Butwestillhavealongwaytogo.In1994,about40%ofpaperproductsandplasticsodabottlesproducedinthiscountrywererecycled.Butonly2%offoodpackagingwasrecovered!

Wealsohavetoworkoncreatingmoredemandforrecycledmaterial.Youcanhelpbycheckinglabels-andbuyingproductsmadefromrecoveredpaper,plastic,andmetal.Recyclingsavesresourceslikewaterandtrees,andcutsdownonairpollution.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?

Gettoworktakingcareofour"

rock."

Ifwedon＇t,we＇llallhavetomovetoMars,"

saysGordon-Levitt."

Theonlyproblemisthatwedon＇tknowhowtodothatyet!

Theauthorofthepassagesuggeststhatyou（）tohelptheenvironment.

A.set-upafund 

B.raisemoney 

C.recycletrash 

D.movetoMars 

6.Forafewminuteshe（tapped）theswitchaftereachflash.

A.touched 

B.painted 

C.pressed 

D.snapped 

7.Youdonthavetosetupafoundationorspendhoursraisingmoneytohelptheenvironment.JoeyGordon-Levitt,16,doeshispartbysimplycollectinghisnewspapers,plastic,andcans-andhavethemrecycled."

Tohelprecyclewastematerial,wecandoallofthefollowingexcept（）

A.creatingmoredemandforrecycledmaterial 

B.buyingproductsmadefromrecycledpaper,plasticandmetal 

C.collectinguesdthingssuchaspaper,plasticandmetal 

D.usingrecycledmaterialonlyinpackaging 

8.Astronomers（天文学家）cantelljusthowhotthesurfaceofthemoongets.Thesideofthemoontowardthesungetstwodegreeshotterthanboilingwater（沸水）.Thenightsidereaches243degreesbelowzero（零度）.Inaneclipse（月蚀）,theearth'

sshadowfallsonthemoon.Thenthemoon'

stemperaturemaydrop300degreesinaveryshorttime.Atemperaturechangelikethiscannothappenontheearth.Whydoesithappenonthemoon?

Astronomersthinkthatthesurfaceofthemoonisdust.Ontheearth,rocksstoreheatfromthesun.Whenthesungoesdown,therocksstaywarm.Butthedustofthemooncannotstoreheat.Sowhenthemoongetsdark,theheatescapesquickly.Themoongetsverycold.问题：

Thesurfaceofthemoonisprobably（）

A.rockthatstoresheat 

B.dustthatstoresheat 

C.dustthatcan