考研英语真题以及答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

考研英语真题以及答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

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【答案】C

2.【题干】2._____

A.alternatively

B.formally

C.accidentally

D.generally

【答案】D

3.【题干】3._____

A.while

B.since

C.once

D.until

【答案】A

4.【题干】4._____

A.detection

B.accumulation

C.consumption

D.separation

【答案】B

5.【题干】5._____

A.possibility

B.decision

C.goal

D.requirement

6.【题干】6._____

A.delay

B.ensure

C.seek

D.utilize

7.【题干】7._____

A.modify

B.supported

C.included

D.predicted

8.【题干】8._____

A.devoted

B.compared

C.converted

D.applied

9.【题干】9._____

A.with

B.above

C.by

D.against

10.【题干】10._____

A.above

B.managed

C.scored

D.played

11.【题干】11._____

A.ranout

B.setoff

C.drewin

D.wentby

12.【题干】12._____

A.superior

B.attributable

C.parallel

D.resistant

13.【题干】13._____

A.restored

B.isolated

C.involved

D.controlled

14.【题干】14._____

A.alter

B.spread

C.remove

D.explain

15.【题干】15._____

A.compensations

B.symptoms

C.demands

D.treatments

16.【题干】16._____

A.Likewise

B.Meanwhile

C.Therefore

D.Instead

17.【题干】17._____

A.change

B.watch

C.count

D.take

18.【题干】18._____

A.well-being

B.process

C.formation

D.coordination

19.【题干】19._____

A.level

B.love

C.knowledge

D.space

20.【题干】20._____

A.design

B.routine

C.diet

D.prescription

SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?

Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:

everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'

srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear'

s,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex（CPI）measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidisethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?

EquallythereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'

srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalisationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

21.【题干】Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'

sincreaseinrailpassengersfares_____.

A.willeasetrainoperation'

s'

burden.

B.haskeptpacewithinflation.

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters.

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure.

22.【题干】Thestockbrokerin2isusedtostandfor_____.

A.cardrivers

B.railtravellers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

23.【题干】Itisindicatedin3thattrainoperators_____.

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters.

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions.

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice.

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes.

24.【题干】Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface_____.

A.thelossofinvestment.

B.thecollapseofoperations.

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership.

25.【题干】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'

tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'

tSustainable

LastyearmarkedthethirdyearinarowofthatIndonesia’sbleakrateofdeforestationhasslowedinpace.Onereasonfortheturnaroundmaybethecountry'

santipovertyprogram.

In2007,Indonesiastartedphasinginprogramthatgivesmoneytoitspoorestresidentsundercertainconditions,suchasrequiringpeopletokeepkidsinschoolorgetregularmedicalcare.CalledconditionalcashtransfersorCCTs,thesesocialassistanceprogramsaredesignedtoreduceinequalityandbreakthecycleofpoverty.They'

realreadyusedindozensofcountriesworldwide.InIndonesia,theprogramhasprovidedenoughfoodandmedicinetosubstantiallyreduceseveregrowthproblemsamongchildren.

ButCCTprogramsdon'

tgenerallyconsidereffectsontheenvironment.Infact,povertyalleviationandenvironmentalprotectionareoftenviewedasconflictinggoals,saysPaulFerraro,aneconomistatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.

That'

sbecauseeconomicgrowthcanbecorrelatedwithenvironmentaldegradation,whileprotectingtheenvironmentissometimescorrelatedwithgreaterpoverty.However,thosecorrelationsdon'

tprovecauseandeffect.Theonlypreviousstudyanalyzingcausality,basedonanareainMexicothathadinstitutedCCTs,supportedthetraditionalview.There,aspeoplegotmoremoney,someofthemmayhavemoreclearedlandforcattletoraiseformeat,Ferrarosays.

Suchprogramsdonothavetonegativelyaffecttheenvironment,though.FerrarowantedtoseeifIndonesia'

spoverty-alleviationprogramwasaffectingdeforestation.Indonesiahasthethird-largestareaoftropicalforestintheworldandoneofthehighestdeforestationrates.

Ferraroanalyzedsatellitedatashowingannualforestlossfrom2008to2012-includingduringIndonesia'

sphase-inoftheantipovertyprogram-in7,468forestedvillagesacross15provincesandmultipleislands.TheduoseparatedtheeffectsoftheCCTprogramonforestlossfromotherfactors,likeweatherandmacroeconomicchanges,whichwerealsoaffectingforestloss.Withthat,"

weseethattheprogramisassociatedwitha30percentreductionindeforestation,"

Ferrarosays.

slikelybecausetheruralpoorareusingthemoneyasmakeshiftinsurancepoliciesagainstinclementweather,Ferrarosays.Typically,ifrainsaredelayed,peoplemayclearlandtoplantmorericetosupplementtheirharvests.WiththeCCTs,individualsinsteadcanusethemoneytosupplementtheirharvests.

Whetherthisresearchtranslateselsewhereisanybody'

sguess.Ferrarosuggeststheimportanceofgrowingriceandmarketaccess.Andregardlessoftransferability,thestudyshowsthatwhat'

sgoodforpeoplemayalsobegoodforthevalueoftheavoideddeforestationjustforcarbondioxideemissionsaloneismorethantheprogramcosts.

26.【题干】Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,CCTprogramsaimto_____.

A.facilitatehealthcarereform.

B.helppoorfamiliesgetbetteroff.

C.improvelocaleducationsystems.

D.lowe