英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释英文版.docx
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英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释英文版.docx
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英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释英文版
TheBasicElementsofAppreciatingEnglishPoetry
1.Whatispoetry?
ØPoetryistheexpressionofImpassionedfeelinginlanguage.
Ø“Poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings:
ittakesitsoriginfromemotionrecollectedintranquility.”
Ø“Poetry,inageneralsense,maybedefinedtobetheexpressionoftheimagination.”
ØPoetryistherhythmicalcreationofbeauty.
ØPoetryistheimageofmanandnature.
Ø“诗言志,歌咏言。
”---《虞书》
Ø“诗言志之所以也。
在心为志,发言为诗。
情动于中而行于言,言之不足,则嗟叹之;嗟叹之不足,故咏歌之;咏歌之不足,不知手之舞之,足之蹈之也。
情发于声;声成文,谓之音。
”
---《诗·大序》
Ø“诗是由诗人对外界所引起的感觉,注入了思想与情感,而凝结了形象,终于被表现出来的一种‘完成’的艺术。
”---艾青:
《诗论》
2.TheSoundSystemofEnglishPoetry
a.Theprosodicfeatures
ØProsody(韵律)---thestudyoftherhythm,pause,tempo,stressandpitchfeaturesofalanguage.
ØChinesepoetryissyllable-timed,Englishpoetryisstress-timed.
ØStress:
TheprosodyofEnglishpoetryisrealizedbystress.Onestressedsyllablealwayscomestogetherwithoneormoreunstressedsyllables.
eg.Tiger,/tiger,/burning/bright
Inthe/forest/ofthe/night,
Whatim/mortal/handor/eye
Couldframethy/fearful/symme/try?
---W.Blake
Length:
itcanproducesomerhetoricalandartisticeffect.
eg.Thecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,
Thelowingherdwindslowlyo’erthelea,
ThePloughmanhomewardplodshiswearyway,
Andleavestheworldtodarknessandtome.
---ThomasGray
Longvowelsanddiphthongsmakethepoemslow,emotionalandsolemn;shortvowelsquick,passionate,tenseandexciting.
Pause:
itservesfortherhythmandmusicalityofpoetry.
b.Meterormeasure(格律)
poem---stanza/strophe---line/verse---foot---arsis+thesis;
Meterormeasurereferstotheformationwayofstressedand
unstressedsyllables.
Fourcommonmeters:
a)Iambus;theiambicfoot(抑扬格)
eg.Shewalks/inbeau/ty,like/thenight
Ofcloud/lessclimes/andstar/ryskies;
Andall/that’sbest/ofdark/andbright
Meetin/heras/pectand/hereyes.---Byron
b)Trochee;thetrochaicfoot(扬抑格)
eg.Never/seekto/tellthy/love,
Lovethat/never/toldcan/be.---Blake
c)Dactyl;thedactylicfoot(扬抑抑格)
eg.Cannonto/rightofthem,
Cannonto/leftofthem.
Cannonin/frontofthem,
Volley’dand/thunder’d.---Tennyson
d)Anapaest;theanapesticfoot(抑抑扬格)
eg.Break,/break,/break,
Onthycold/greystones,/Osea!
AndIwould/thatmytongue/couldutter
Thethought/thatarise/inme.---Tennyson
c)Othermeters
Amphibrach,theamphibrachicfoot(抑扬抑格);
Spondee,thespondaicfoot(扬扬格);
Pyrrhic,thepyrrhicfoot(抑抑格);
d)Actalecticfoot(完整音步)andCactalecticfoot(不完整音步)
eg.Richthe/treasure,
Sweetthe/pleasure.(actalecticfoot)
Tiger,/tiger,/burning/bright,
Inthe/forest/ofthe/night.(cactalecticfoot)
e)Typesoffoot
monometer(一音步)
dimeter(二音步)
trimeter(三音步)
tetrameter(四音步)
pentameter(五音步)
hexameter(六音步)
heptameter(七音步)
octameter(八音步)
Wehaveiambicmonometer,trochaictetrameter,iambic
pentameter,anapaestictrimeter,etc.,whenthenumberof
footandmeteraretakentogetherinapoem.
C.Rhyme
Whentwoormorewordsorphrasescontainanidentical
orsimilarvowelsound,usuallystressed,andthe
consonantsoundsthatfollowthevowelsoundare
identicalandprecededbydifferentconsonants,arhyme
occurs.
ØItcanroughlybedividedintotwotypes:
internalrhymeandendrhyme
Internalrhyme
a)alliteration:
therepetitionofinitialidenticalconsonantsoundsoranyvowelsoundsinsuccessiveorcloselyassociatedsyllables,esp.stressedsyllables.
eg.Thefairbreezeblew,thewhitefoamflew,
Thefurrowfollowedfree.
---Coleridge
Islip,Islide,Igloom,Iglance,
Amongmyskinningswallows.
---Tennyson
Whereatwithblade,withbloodyblamefulblade,
Hebravelybroachedhisboilingbloodybreast.
---Shakespeare
“Consonantcluster”(辅音连缀)
“internalorhiddenalliteration”(暗头韵)asin
“Hereinthelongunlovelystreet”(Tennyson)
TheScian&theTeianmuse,
Thehero’sharp,thelove’slute,
Havefoundthefameyourshoresrefuse.
---Byron
b)Assonance(腹韵/元音叠韵/半谐音):
therepetitionofsimilaroridenticalvowelsoundsinalineendingwithdifferentconsonantsounds.
eg.Donotgogentleintothatnight
Oldageshouldburnandraveatcloseofday.
Rage,rageagainstthedyingofthelight.
Thoughwisemenattheirendknowdarkisright,
Becausetheirwordshaveforkednolightningthey
Donotgogentleintothatnight.
c)Consonance(假韵):
therepetitionoftheendingconsonantsoundswithdifferentprecedingvowelsoftwoormorewordsinaline.
eg.Atonceavoicearoseamong
Thebleaktwigsoverhead
Inafull-heartedevensong
Ofjoyillimited.
---Hardy
Endrhyme:
linesinapoemendinsimilaroridentical
stressedsyllables.
a)Perfectrhyme
Perfectrhyme(intwoorm
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