《stepbystep3000》第二册unit8原文及答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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《stepbystep3000》第二册unit8原文及答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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4.GreenSchoolProjectisanorganizationthathelpsschoolsacrosstheUSwiththeirbudgetsin
ordertoreducetheamountofwastethatgoestothelandfill.
5.OnDecember10,2007,theIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeandAlGoreJr.were
awardedtheNobelPeacePrizefor“theireffortstobuildupanddisseminategreater
knowledgeaboutman-madeclimatechange,andtolaythefoundationsforthemeasuresthat
areneededtocounteractsuchchange.”
6.FriendsoftheEarthInternationalistheworld’slargestgrassrootsenvironmentalnetwork,
uniting70nationalmembergroupsandsome5,000localactivistgroupsoneverycontinent.It
campaignsontoday’smosturgentenvironmentalandsocialissues.
7.EEBEuropeanEnvironmentalBureauisanon-governmentalorganizationwith143member
organizationsin31countries.Itsspecificmissionistopromoteenvironmentalpoliciesand
sustainablepoliciesontheEuropeanUnionlevel.
8.TheSurfriderFoundationisanon-profitgrassrootsorganizationdedicatedtotheprotection
andenjoymentoftheworld’soceans,wavesandbeaches.Foundedin1984inCalifornia,it
nowmaintainsover50,000membersworldwide.
9.USGBCTheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncilisanon-profitorganizationcommittedto
transformingthewaybuildingsandcommunitiesaredesigned,builtandoperated,enabling
andenvironmentallyandsociallyresponsible,healthy,andprosperousenvironmentthat
improvesthequalityoflife.
10.Foundedin1977,theAlliancetoSaveEnergyisanon-profitorganizationthatsupports
energyefficiencyandadvocatesenergy-efficiencypoliciesthatminimizecoststosocietyand
individualconsumers,andthatlessengreenhousegasemissionsandtheirimpactontheglobal
climate.
11.TheEarthOrganizationisagrassrootsinternationalnon-profit,conservationand
environmentalorganization,withnewsolutions,committedtothecreative,responsible
rehabilitationofPlanetEarthandtheplantandanimalkingdoms.
12.TWPTrees,Water&
Peopleisanonprofitorganizationfoundedin1998,helping
communitiesprotect,conserve,andmanagethenaturalresourcesuponwhichtheirlong-term
well-beingdepends.
13.AmericanForestsisAmerica’soldestnonprofitcitizens’conservationorganizationfoundedin
1875.Itworkstoprotect,restoreandenhancethenaturalcapitaloftreesandforests.Healthy
forestsfilterwater,removeairpollution,sequestercarbon,andprovidehomesforwildlife.
14.GAATheGlobalAmphibianAssessmentisthefirst-evercomprehensiveassessmentofthe
conservationstatusoftheworld’s5,918knownspeciesoffrogs,toads,salamanders,and
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caecilians.Almost600scientistsfrom60countrieshavenowcontributedtotheproject.
15.ASESTheAmericanSolarEnergySociety,foundedin1954,isanon-profitorganization
dedicatedtoincreasingtheuseofsolarenergy,energyefficiency,andothersustainable
technologiesintheU.S.
B
1.Buyfreshfoodthatdoesn’tneedalotofpackaging.
2.Trytobuy“organic”fruitandvegetablesfromfarmerswhodon‘tusechemicals.
3.Saveasmuchwateraspossible.
4.Useproductsthatwon’tstayforeverintheearthorseawhenyouthrowthenaway.
5.Usebottlesmorethanonceortakethemtoabottlebank.
6.Trytosavepaper.Also,buyanduserecycledpaperasoftenaspossible.
7.Avoid“throw-away”products.
8.Makesurethatyourfamilyandfriendsuseunleadedpetrolintheircars.
9.Don’tbuyproducts(furorivory,forexample)madefromrareorprotectedspecies.
10.Usepublictransportationasoftenaspossible.
11.Ifyou’rebuyingwood,don’tchoosehardwoodformtropicalrainforests.
12.Lookforaerosolswhichhaven’tgotanyCFCsinthem.
13.Don’tbuyhamburgersorpizzasinplasticboxeswhichcontainCFCs.
14.Usebatteriesaslittleaspossible.Ittakes50timesmoreenergytomakethemthanthey
produce.
15.Don’tleaveonelectriclights,TV,hi-fi,etc.,ifyou’renotusingthem.
16.Findoutmoreaboutconservationissuesinyourarea.Arethereanywoodsorfieldsindanger,
forexample?
17.Trytothrowawayatleast25%lessrubbish.
18.Helpoldpeopleinyourareatoinsulatetheirhomes.Thissavesenergyandhelpstokeep
themwarminwinter.
19.Visitanylocalnaturereservesorzoosandtalktothepeoplewhorunthem.
Part?
CampaignCaliforniaRe-LeafasinL-E-A-FwaskickedoffrecentlywithapartyinSanFrancisco’sWashingtonSquareParkthrownbyacoalitionofsevenurbanforestrygroups.Thefocusofthepartywastheplantingofasingletree,thefirstof20milliontobeplantedin40Californiancitiesoverthenextdecade.Thetreeplantingcampaignisanattempttodeflatewhat’s
beencalledtheGreenhouseEffect.Scientistsbelievethattheearthisgettingwarmerbecauseofanaccumulationofcarbondioxideintheair.Treestakecarbondioxideoutoftheair.
MartinRosenisthedirectoroftheTrustforPublicLand,theorganizationthatiscoordinationthestat-widetreeplatingeffort.“Timeisnotneutral.Wearesorapidlydepletingtheatmosphere,wearesorapidlychangingtheclimate,thatunlesswestartnowthesituationmaywellbecomeirreversible.”
Somemoviestarswereonhandforthetreeplantingceremony.ActorPeterCyoteservedasthemasterofceremonies.“Unlesstheenvironmentalmovementcomesintoeverybody’slife,in
realsimpleactivities,it’snotgoingtowork.Plantingatreeisrealsimple.SoIwantedtoparticipateinsomethingthatwasreallyaccessibletothecitizen,justtoeverydaypeople,to
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children.Sothatascitizenswecandoalot.”
AfterPeterCyoteintroducedafewspeakersandacoupleofsongsweresung,theceremonymovedovertoacorneroftheparkwhereagroupofyoungstersplantedaCopperBeechtree.
IsobelWadeisthestatecoordinatorforCampaignCaliforniaRe-Leaf.Wadesaysthetreeplantingsareimportantbecausetheywillhelpcleanupthecarbondioxideintheatmosphere,improvetheenvironmentandmakeneighborhoodsmoreattractive,butIsobelWadecautionsitisn’tenough.“It’sonestepinacombinationofthings.Theotherkindsofthingsthatwecanallbedoingarebeingmuchmoreconsciousabouthowweuseenergyinourhome,whetherwe’re
buying—ah—fuelefficientcarsandproducts,whetherwe’reusingStyrofoamwhenwedon’thave
tobe,--ah—whetherwe’returningofflightbulbswhenwe—ah—leavetheroom—um—andjust
avarietyofpersonalactionslikerecyclingthatweneedtostartthinkingaboutanddoingmore.”
IsobelWadealsosaysshe’dlovetoseeeveryoneinCalifornia’surbanarrearstakethetime
toplantonetreeandtakecareoftheonesthatarealreadygrowing.
KeyB
1.plantingsingletree
2.deflateGreenhouseEffect/takeCO2
3.realsimpleactivities/accessibletopeople/citizens/doalot
4.cleanupCO2/improveenvironment/neighborhoodsattractive
5.avarietyofpersonalactions
PartIII
Whenyougotothesupermarket,canyouresistusingplasticbags?
Forlotofus,probablywon’t.Whatyoueatout?
Canyouguaranteenottouseanyplastictableware?
Andhowaboutifsomeoneasksyou;
canyourecommendareplacementforplasticproducts?
Don’tsaypaper!
Here
isanewsolution;
biodegradableplastic!
Aseveryoneknows,plasticisabigenvironmentalheadachealthoughitbringsusmuchconvenience.Likeplasticbags,plasticfoodcontainers,andplastictableware.Butitisperhapsthemostharmfulofallourgarbagebecauseitdoesnoteasilybreakdowninnature.
AresearcherformtheChineseAcademyofSciences,JiJunhuisaysheandhiscolleagueshavefoundabettersolution.
“WhenthePBSinthebiodegradableplasticcomesincontactwithmicroorganismsorenzymes,theplasticstructurewilldegradeintosmallerpieces,andfinallyitturnsintowaterandcarbondioxide.Thisishowthebreak-downprocessworks.”
PBSisachemicalcomponentthatisthekeytothisnewbiodegradableplastic.Itcanhelptheplasticdegradeintonon-pollutingelements,sothebroken-downplasticfragmentscanbeabsorbedbysoilandwater.
PBSisnotanentirelynewproduct,however,thisChina-madebiodegradableplasticissaferandmoreheat-resistant.AccordingtoJiJun-hui,testinghasshownthat90%ofthisnewbiodegradableplasticcanbedegradedwithin90days.Anditeventakesashorterperiodoftimeifitisburiedinadumpratherthanexposedtotheair.
Usually,biodegradableplasticfoodcontainersmadeinothercountrieswillmeltwhenthetemperaturereaches60degreeCelsius,whiletheChineseproductcanretainitsshapeinupto100degrees.
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However,JiJunhuisayshis-techproductsoftencomeatahigherprice.
“PBSproductisabitmoreexpensivethanordinaryplastic.Takingaplasticbowlasanexample,thePBSbowlcanbe20%moreexpensivethanthecurrentplasticbowlweuse.”
SomehotelsandrestaurantsinShanghaihavealreadystartedusingthenewPBSbiodegradableplasticfoodcontainers,andtheproductwillbepopularizedinBeijingaswellasinotherbigcities.
Itwillplayaroleinthe2008OlympicGa
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