山西大学附中届高三上学期第二次模块诊断 英语 Word版含答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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山西大学附中届高三上学期第二次模块诊断 英语 Word版含答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
EnterforaChancetoWinaMontanaAdventure
ImagineyourselfhikingonthesameroutethatLewisandClarkonceexplored,fly-fishingandwhite-waterraftinginbeautifullakesandrivers,learninghowtospeakBlackfoot,diggingforancientdinosaurremains,andstandingattheedgeofa6,000-year-oldglacierinGlacierNationalPark.YouhavethechancetodoallofthisandmuchmorewiththeNationalGeographicKidsHands-OnExplorerChallengeExpeditionTeam.TheHands-OnExplorerChallengeisheadingwestin2019toMontana.
HIKE!
Montana
ishometomanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.Followinthefootstepsoflegendaryexplorersandgetaclose-upviewofwaterfalls,wildflowers,andwildlife.
DIG!
SomeofthemostimportantdinosaurdiscoverieshavebeenfoundinMontana.You’lldiscovertreasuresyourselfasyoudigforancientdinosaurremainsinMontana’sHighPlains.
CULTURE!
MontanahaselevenNativeAmericantribes―eachonefilledwithauniqueheritageandlotsofrichtraditions.Viewtheworldastheyseeitthroughtheirdances,songs,food,games,andlanguages.
HOWTOENTER
1.Writeanoriginal,personalessayinEnglishofnomorethan300wordstellingushowyouexploreyourworldandwhatitisaboutexplorationthatinspiresandexcitesyou.
2.Takeaphotographofwhat,where,orhowyouexploredthesubjectofyouressay.
3.EnterbyJanuary7,2019.Opentokidswhowillbeages9—14asofJuly1,2019.
4.Sendyourentry(参赛)form,essay,andphoto(asdescribedintheOfficialRules)to:
NGKidsHands-OnExplorerChallenge,NationalGeographicKids
magazine/CDH,114517thStreetNW,Washington,D.C.20036.
FORMOREINFORMATION,GOTOKIDS.NATIONALGEOGRAPHIC.COM/KIDS/CONTESTS/EXPLORER-TRIP-2019.
1.WhatistrueaboutMontana?
A.Ithasmanyelephantdiscoveries.
B.ItisLewisandClark'
shometown.
C.ItsNativeAmericantribessharethesameculture.
D.Itishometomanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.
2.Ifyouwanttoenterthecontestyoumust______.
A.beover14yearsold
B.sendaphotowithyouressay
C.haverichexplorationexperience
D.writeanEnglisharticleover300words
3.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A.Toprovidetravelinformation.
B.TodescribeMontana’sscenery.
C.Toannounceakidcompetition.
D.Tosuggestsomeoutdooractivities.
B
Scienceisfinallybeginningtoembraceanimalswhowere,foralongtime,consideredsecond-classcitizens.
AsAnniePottsofCanterburyUniversityhasnoted,chickensdistinguishamongonehundredchickenfacesandrecognizefamiliarindividualsevenaftermonthsofseparation.Whengivenproblemstosolve,theyreason:
henstrainedtopickcoloredbuttonssometimeschoosetogiveupanimmediatefoodrewardforaslightlylater(andbetter)one.Healthyhensmayaidfriends,andmournwhenthosefriendsdie.
Pigsrespondtohumansymbols.WhenaresearchteamledbyCandaceCroneyatPennStateUniversitycarriedwoodenblocksmarkedwithXandOsymbolsaroundpigs,onlytheOcarriersofferedfoodtotheanimals.ThepigssoonignoredtheXcarriersinfavoroftheO’s.Thentheteamswitchedfromreal-lifeobjectstoT-shirtsprintedwithXorOsymbols.Still,thepigswalkedonlytowardtheO-shirtedpeople:
theyhadtransferredtheirknowledgetoatwo-dimensionalformat,anotinconsiderablefeatofreasoning.
I’vebeenguiltyofprejudicedexpectations,myself.Atthestartofmycareeralmostfourdecadesago,Iwasfirmlyconvincedthatmonkeysandapesout-thinkotheranimals.They’reotherprimates(灵长目动物),afterall,animalsfromourownmammalianclass.Fairlysoon,Icametoseethatalongwithourclosestlivingrelatives,whalestooaremastersofculturallearning,andthatelephantsexpressprofoundjoyandmourningwiththeirsocialcompanions.Long-termstudiesonthesemammalshelpedtofuelaviewpointshiftinoursociety:
thepublicnolongersoeasilyacceptsmonkeysmadetoundergopainfulprocedureinlaboratories,elephantsforcedtoperformincircuses,anddolphinskeptinsmalltanksatthemeparks.
Overtime,though,asIbegantobroadenoutevenfurtherandexploretheinnerlivesoffish,chickens,pigs,goats,andcows,1startedtowonder:
Willthenewscienceof“foodanimals”bringanethical(伦理的)revolutionintermsofwhoweeat?
Inotherwords,willourethicsstarttocatchupwiththedevelopmentofourscience?
4.AccordingtoAnniePotts,hens’choiceofalaterandbetterrewardindicatestheirabilityof
______.
A.interactionB.analysisC.creationD.abstraction
5.Theresearchintopigsshowsthatpigs
A.learnletterquicklyB.havegoodeyesight
C.canbuildupagoodrelationshipD.canapplyknowledgetonewsituations
6.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?
A.Thesimilaritiesbetweenmammalsandhumans.
B.Thenecessityoflong-termstudiesonmammals.
C.Achangeinpeople’sattitudestowardsanimals.
D.Adiscoveryofhowmammalsexpressthemselves.
7.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.TheLifestylesofFoodAnimalsB.ScienceReportsonFoodAnimals
C.TheInnerLivesofFoodAnimalsD.ARevolutioninFoodAnimals
C
Runnerswhoencountervisualandauditory(听觉的)distractionsmaybemorelikelytosufferleginjuries,
accordingtoaresearchbytheAssociationofAcademicPhysiatristsinLasVegas.Runnersoftenseekdistractionsfromthetaskathand.Whetheritismusic,texting,daydreaming,takinginthesights,orproppingabookuponthetreadmill(跑步机),moreoftenthannot,adistractioniswelcome.But,researchersfromtheUniversityofFloridahaverecentlydiscoveredthatthosedistractionsmayleadtoinjury.
DanielHerman,MD,PhD,assistantprofessoratUniversityofFlorida,andhisteamconductedaresearchontheeffectofvisualandauditorydistractionson14runnerstodeterminewhateffect,ifany,thesedistractionswouldhaveonthingssuchasheartrate,howmucharunnerbreathesperminute,howmuchoxygenisconsumedbythebody.
Therunnerswereallinjury-freeatthetimeofthestudyandran31mileseachweek.Dr.Herman’steamhadeachparticipantrunonatreadmillthreeseparatetimes.Thefirsttimewaswithoutanydistractions.Thesecondtimeaddedavisualdistraction,duringwhichtherunnersconcentratedonascreendisplayingdifferentlettersindifferentcolorswiththerunnershavingtonotewhenaspecificletter-colorcombinationappeared.Thethirdtimeaddedanauditorydistractionsimilartothevisualdistraction,withtherunnershavingtonotewhenaparticularwordwasspokenbyaparticularvoice.
Whencomparedtorunningwithoutdistractions,theparticipantshadfasterapplicationofforcetotheirleftandrightlegs,calledloadingrate,withauditoryandvisualdistractions.Theyalsoexperiencedanincreasedamountofforcefromthegroundonbothlegs,calledgroundreactionforce,withauditorydistractions.Finally,therunnerstendedtobreatheheavierandhavehigherheartrateswithvisualandauditorydistractionsthanwithoutanydistractionsatall.
“Runninginenvironmentswithdifferentdistractionsmayunfavorablyaffectrunningperformanceandinjuryrisk,”explainsDr.Herman.“Sometimesthesethingscannotbeavoided,butyoumaybeabletominimizepotentiallycumulative(积累的)effects.Forexample,whenrunninganewrouteinanoisyenvironmentsuchasduringamarathon,youmaywanttoskiplisteningtosomethingwhichmayrequiremoreattention—likeanewsongplaylist.”
Dr.Herman’steamwillcontinuetoinvestigatethepotentialrelationshipbetweendistractedrunningandleginjuries,andanyeffectthisrelationshiphasondifferenttrainingtechniquesthatuseauditoryorvisualcues.
8.Paragraph2tellsustheresearch
A.process
B.results
C.questions
D.reflection
9.Basedontheresearch,runnerswithauditorydistractionstendedto
______.
A.breatheheavierandhavelowerheartrates
B.getanincreasedamountofgroundreactionforce
C.applymoreforcewithlessoxygenconsumption
D.gainafasterspeedwithslowerloadingrates
10.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?
A.Runningwithdistractionsbecomesuncommonnowadays.
B.Listeningtoanewsongwhilerunningguaranteesperformance.
C.Runnersaremorelikelytogetinjuredinanenvironmentwithoutdistractions.
D.Runnersareadvisedtominimizedistractionsinadestinationmarathon.
11.WhatisprobablythenexttaskforDr.Herman’steam?
A.Whatdeterminestrainingtechniques.
B.Howdistractionsshouldbeusedintraining.
C.Whyrunnersuseauditoryandvisualcues.
D.Whateffectivewayscancureleginjuries.
D
Ifyouhaveeverhadacat,orhavewatchedoneofthemanyfunnycats’videosonline,you’llknowthatcatshaveamindoftheirown.Alotofthethingstheydoarehardtounderstand—theyliketoclimbuptallfurniture,fitthemselvesinsmallspaceandattacksmallobjectsfornoreasonatall.
Nowscientistshavemanagedtofigureoutwhatexactlyisgoingoninthebrainsofourlittlefriends.AccordingtoTonyBuffington,aprofessoratOhioStateUniversityintheUS,cats’strangebehaviorlargelycomesfromtheirwayoflifebackinthewild.“Catstodaystillhavemanyofthesameinstincts(本能)thatallowthemtoliveinthewildformillionsofyears,”hesaidinaTEDTalk.“Tothem,ourhomesaretheirjungles.”
Inthewild,catsarehunters.Theirbodiesandgreatbalancingabilitiesallowthemtoclimbtohighspotstobetterlookattheenvironment.Eventhoughtheydon’thavetohuntanymorei
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