新SAT社会科学类文章SocialScienceWord下载.docx

新SAT社会科学类文章SocialScienceWord下载.docx

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Unstructuredplayisalsoanessentialpartofchildhood

15whichenableschildrentodeveloparelationshipwiththeirsurroundingenvironmentandenhancessocialskills,coordinationandstrength.OutdoorenvironmentsfacilitateplayandareassociatedwithincreasedlevelsofPA.Thus,childrenshouldbeprovidedwithdailyopportunitiestoplay

20Outdoors.Theschoolenvironmentprovidessuchanopportunitythroughtheprovisionofplaytime.Playtimenormallytakesplaceontheconcreteschoolplaygroundandlastsforatleastonehourperday.However,universallyplaytimeisreportedtomakerelativelysmallcontributionsto

25children#soveralldailyactivityrequirements.IntheUK,onlyoneknownstudyhasreportedthecontributionofplaytimetooverallactivityrequirements,withcontributionsbeingaslowas4.5%.

unstructuredplay非常重要,孩子需要outdoor■玩耍,学校提供了playtime,但是昔通的playtime满足不了activityrequirements

30

35

AnumberofstudieshavesuccessfullyincreasedplaytimePAthroughtheintroductionofinterventionssuchassportsorgamesequipment,playgroundmarkings,fitnessbreaksandplaygroundstructures.However,thesetypesofinterventionstendtofacilitatestructuredratherthanunstructuredPA.UnstructuredPAisessentialtochildhooddevelopmentandthereforeneedstobeencouragedduringplaytime.

很多类型的intervention对structuredPA有帮助,对unstructuredPA没有帮助,增加unstructuredPA很重要

NaturalenvironmentscanencourageunstructuredplayandmaythereforeplayaroleinfacilitatingunstructuredPAduringplaytime.Naturalenvironmentsprovidelargeopenspaceswhichencourageindividualstobeactive,whilstareas40lackingnaturemayrestrictPAduetolimitedspaceandparentalfearsovercrimeandroadtraffic.Childrenreportapreferenceforplayinnaturalenvironmerits,withnaturefacilitatingmoreimaginativeandinventiveplay.

Furthermore,adolescentslivinginurbansettingswithaccess45togreenspacessuchasparksaremorelikelytobephysically

activethantheirpeerswithoutparkaccess:

indicatingthatallformsofnaturecanbeusedasatoolforengagingyouthinPA.Thus,ifschoolplaytimewereperformedontheschoolfield,itispossiblethatchildren‘sPAlevelswouldbe

50increased.Todate,thereisalackofdataquantifyingthe

impactofnaturalenvironmentsonlevelsofPAinchildren,particularywithintheschoolsetting.

Allnaturalenvironments都对unstructuredPA有帮助，但是量化关系，还没有数据。

在学校的field±

进行playtime,可以增加PA水平。

PerformingPAinanaturalenvironmerit（*'

GreenExercise"

）hasalsobeendemonstratedtoprovide

55improvementsinself-esteeminadults,whetherparticipantsaresimplyviewingscenesofnatureordirectlyinteractingwithnaturalenvironmerits.StudiesinadolescentsandchildrensuggestthatGreenExercisehasnosuchadditiveeffectonself-esteemcomparedtoexerciseinother

60environments.However,theonlyknownstudyinchildrenexaminedtheimpactofagreenplaytimeinterventionconsistingoforienteering.*Thetask-oriented,structurednatureoforienteeringmaynotfacilitatethegreenexerciseeffect.Unstructuredfreeplayinanaturalenvironmentmay

65allowgreaterinteractionwiththeenvironment,thusbenefitingself-esteem.

在naturalenvironment中的PA可以增加成年人的自尊,孩子中,没有发现这个效果。

orienteering的intervention对屮eenexercise没有什么帮助。

还是unstructuredfreeplay对self-esteem有好处。

中心思想

Unstructuredffreefnatureenvironmentalplaytime对PAlevel,self-esteem很重要;

现在的很多interventions作用不大。

IncreaseinSelf-EsteemPost-PlayforBoysand

GirlsinDifferentPlayEhvjrorrrnent^

IncreaseinSelf-EsteemPost-PlayfarBoysandGirlsin

DifferentPlayEnvironments

PlaygroundFieldTotal

PtxiyTyp»

Thestartingse^esteemscorewas28.8,outofapossible40

Atfaptecfrom呀anCartyWood,Vali&

rGlatf^ellandJo

Barton,AARepeatedMeasuresExperimentofSchoolPlaying

EnvironmenttoIncreasePhysicalActivityandEnhanceSe^

EsteeminUKSchoolChildren/originallypuWishedin2014.

1Themainpurposeofthepassageisto

A）defendanunpopularbelief

B）confirmapreviouslyuntestedhypothesis.

C）summarizevariousstudiesofasocialcondition.

D）debunkcommonmisconceptionssurrounclinganissue.

正确选项选择C,直接对应标题//HARepeatedMeasuresExperimentofSchoolplayingEnvironmenttoincreasePhysicalActivityandEnhanceSelf-EsteeminUKSchoolChildren."

A选项unpopularbelie毎昔误

B选项untestedhypothesis辛昔误

D选项commonmisconception错误

2Asusedinline8,

A）carry.

B）assign.

C）monitor.

D）linger.

"

track"

mostnearlymeans

ParticipationinPAinyouthisofgreatimportanceasPAmaytrackintoadulthoodwhereadequatelevelsofPAareprotectiveagainstmanychronicdiseases.

正确答案选择Dlinger

A选项carry和B选项assign,放回原文需要用〃被动语态〃C选项monitor和track含义不相关

（做SAT单词题，需要考虑到语法中的〃主被动语态"

）

3ThestatisticsaboutUKchildren（lines10-13）primarilyserveto

A）encouragereaderstobecomemoreactive.

B）callattentiontoaparticularsituation.

C）transitiontoadiscussionofunstructuredandstructuredplay.

D）introduceanargumentthattheauthorswilllatercontradict.

B选项,particularsituation指的是"

notmeetingthedailyrecommendatiorT,真确

A选项zreadertobecomemoreactive,错误

C选项,定位的原文没有讨论unstructured和structuredplay,错误D选项,定位的原文是提供论据,不是论点,错误

4Theauthorimpliesthatstudiesthathaveincreasedplaytimephysicalactivityare

A）accurate,becausetheydepictthebenefitsofplayacrossallsocialgroups.

B）correct,becausetheyhaveallowedforthepurchaseofplaygroundstructuresandotherequipmenttohelpfacilitateplay.

C）faulty,becausetheyignoretheimportsneeofnaturalenvironments.

D）limited,becausetheydonotstudysocio-emotionaldevelopment

无定位的细节类题目,判断下一题是否是commandofevidence题

5Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevideneefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?

A）lines29-32（"

Anumber...structures**）

B）lines32-33（"

However..・PA〃）

C）lines34-35（"

Unstructured...playtime"

D）lines36-38（"

Natural..playtime"

29-32:

AnumberofstudieshavesuccessfullyincreasedplaytimePAthroughtheintroductionofinterventionssuchassportsorgamesequipment,playgroundmarking®

fitnessbreaksandplaygroundstructures.

32-33:

However,thesetypesofinterventionstendtofacilitatestructuredratherthanunstructuredPA.

34-35:

UnstructuredPAisessentialtochildhooddevelopmentandthereforeneedstobeencouragedduringplaytime.

36-38:

NaturalenvironmentscanencourageunstructuredplayandmaythereforeplayaroleinfacilitatingunstructuredPAduringplaytime.

根据四个选项，可以判断第四题的A和B两个选项是错误。

误。

第四题的D选项,socio-emotional对应unstructuredPA,原文14行"

Unstructuredplayisalsoanessentialpartofchildhoodwhichenableschildrentodeveloparelationshipwiththeirsurroundingenvironmentandenhancessocialskills,coordinationandstrength."

第四题是推理题，做答比较难。

第五题白勺C选项,"

thereforeneedstobeencouragedduringemotionaldevelopment〃,需要被encouraged,B音示之前没有考虑到，正确答案。

第五题的B选项,"

thesetypesofinterventionstendtofacilitatestructuredratherthanunstructuredPA."

是一个客观观点,并没有说明studies有没有limited,错误。

6.Whatdoestheauthorclaimabout"

Greenexercise"

（lines53-54）

A）Itbenefitsadultsself-esteembutitseffectsonchildrenhavenotbeenfullydetermined.

B）Lookingatimagesofnaturalenvironmentsisthebestwaytoimproveself-esteem.

C）Adolescentsdonotbenefitfromgreenexerciseinthesamewaythatadultsdo.

D）Self-esteemcanonlyrisethroughdirectinteractionwiththeenvironmerit.

原文53-60:

PerformingPAinanaturalenvironment（"

GreenExercise"

）hasalsobeendemonstratedtoprovideimprovementsinsei仁esteeminadults,whetherparticipantsaresimplyviewingseenesofnatureordirectlyinteractingwithnaturalenvironments.StudiesinadolescentsandchildrensuggestthatGreenExercisehasnosuchadditiveeffectonself-esteemcomparedtoexerciseinotherenvironments.

A选项"

Itbenefitsadultsself-esteembutitseffectsonchildrenhavenotbeenfullydetermined."

禾口原文对应"

StudiesinadolescentsandchildrensuggestthatGreenExercisehasnosuchadditiveeffectonself-esteemcomparedtoexerciseinotherenvironments."

正确

B选项"

Lookingatimagesofnaturalenvironmentsisthebestwaytoimproveself-esteem."

thebestway,极端词,错误

C选项"

Adolescentsdonotbenefitfromgreenexerciseinthesamewaythatadultsdo."

原文没有讨论g「eenexercise^self-esteem的影响方式,错误

D选项"

Self-esteemcanonlyrisethroughdirectinteractionwiththeenvironment."

only,极端词z错误

（含有极端词，only,all,every等的选项，一般为错误选项）

7.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutphysicalactivityinanaturalenvironment?

A）Scientificstudieshavede