语言学第四章课后练习Word下载.docx
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语言学第四章课后练习Word下载.docx
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NPPP
DetNPNP
DetN
theargumentagainsttheproposals
d.alreadyabovethewindow
PP
QualPNP
alreadyabovethewindow
9.Thefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes.Foreachsentence,firstidentifythemodifier(s),thendrawthetreestructures.
a.Acrippledpassengerlandedtheairplanewithextremecaution.
InflP(S)
NPInflVP
VNPPP
DetAPNNonepst
A
APN
Acrippledpassengerlandedtheairplanewithextremecaution
b.Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky.
InflP(s)
NPInflVP
DetAPNVPP
PNP
DetAPN
Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky
C.Themanexaminedhiscarcarefullyyesterday.
NPinflVP
DetNpstVNPAdvAdv
Themanexaminedhiscarcarefullyyesterday
d.Awoodenhutnearthelakecollapsedinthestorm.
InflP(S)
DetAPNPPVPP
PNPPNP
DetNDetN
Awoodenhutneatthelakecollapsedinthestorm
10.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainconjoinedcategories.Drawatreestructureforeachofthesentences.
a.Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants.
InflP(=S)
NPVP
AuxVNP
N
DetANP
NCONN
Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants
or
AuxVNP
b.Helenputonherclothesandwentout.
InflP(=S)
NPVP
VPCONVP
VPNPVAdv
VPDetN
Helenputonherclothesandwentout
OR
NPInflVP
pst
c.Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.
NPVP
N
VPNPVPNP
VAPNVAPN
Maryisfondofliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatistics
OR
Infl
nonpst
11.Thefollowingsentencesallcontaincontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.
a.YouknowthatIhatewar.
S
NVCP
CS
VNP
YouknowthatIhatewat
OR
NNonpstVCP
b.GerrybelievesthefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.
NVPNP
NPCP
VCS
DetNNPVP
NVNP
DetAN
GerrybelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam
c.ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.
NVACP
CS
DetNVNPNP
NDetN
ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce
d.Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.
DetNVPCP
VPCS
NVNP
Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings
12.
a.Theessaythathewrotewasexcellent.
Deepstructure
CP
CS
DetNCPVAP
CSDegP
NN
Theessayhewrotethatwastoolong
Surfacestructure
NPNPInflVP
NNN
Theessaythathewroteewastoolong
b.Hebertboughtahousethatsheloved.
Deepstructure
NInflVNP
DetNCP
Hebertboughtahouseshelovedthat
NNVNP
Hebertboughtahousethatshelovede
c.Thegirlwhomheadoresmajorsinlinguistics.
DetNCPVPP
CInflSPNP
NVN
Thegirlheadoreswhommajorsinlinguistics
NPNPVP
NNVN
Thegirlwhomheadoresemajorsinlinguistics
13.
a.Wouldyoucometomorrow?
NInflVAdvP
Adv
Youwouldcometomorrow
Surfacestructure
InflNPVP
wouldyouecometomorrow
b.WhatdidHelenbringtotheparty?
InflVNPPP
NPNP
Helendidbringwhattotheparty
NPCS
NInfl
WhatdidHelenebringetotheparty
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