12英语四级真题Word文件下载.docx
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12英语四级真题Word文件下载.docx
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Itsstrategyrestsontwobeliefs:
firstaglobalproductofferseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete.Andsecond,consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept.”Global”doesnotmeanproductsthatareconsciouslyidentifiedasAmerican,butonesthanconsumes-especiallyyoungpeople-seeaspartofamodem,innovative(创新的)worldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrossculturesbysharedbeliefsandtastes.PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmostChinese,forinstance,donotknowthanFrito-LayisanAmericancompany.Instead,Riskey,thecompany’sresearchanddevelopmenthead,wouldhopetheyassociatethebrandwiththenewworldofglobalcommunicationsandbusiness.
Withbrandperceptionacrucialfactor,RiskeyorderedaredesignoftheFrito-Laylogo(标识).Thelogo,alongwiththecompany’slong-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschips.wouldhelpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion.
TheexecutivesacknowledgethattheytrytoswingnationaleatinghabitstoafoodcreatedinAmerica,buttheydenythatamountstoeconomicimperialism.Rater,theyseeFrito-Layasspreadingthebenefitsoffreeenterpriseacrosstheworld.“We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives,”saidSteveReinemund,PepsiCo’schiefexecutive.
21.ItisthebeliefofFrito-Lay’sheadofglobalmarkingthat_____.
A)Potatochipscanhardlybeusedasaweapontodominatetheworldmarket
B)Theircompanymustfindnewwaystopromotedomesticsales.
C)Thelightgoldencolorenhancesthecharmoftheircompany’spotatochips
D)Peopletheworldoverenjoyeatingtheircompany’spotatochips
22.WhatdowelearnaboutFrito-LayfromParagraph2?
A)Itsproductsusetobepopularamongoverseasconsumers.
B)Itsexpansionhascausedfiercecompetitioninthesnackmarker.
C)Itgiveshalfofitsannualprofitstoitsparentcompany.
D)Itneedstoturntothewordmarketfordevelopment.
23.OneoftheassumptionsonwhichFrito-Laybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyisthat_____.
A)consumersworldwidetodayareattractedbyglobalbrands
B)localbrandscannotcompetesuccessfullywithAmericanbrands
C)productssuitingChineseconsumers’needsbringmoreprofits
D)productsidentifiedasAmericanwillhavepromisingmarketvalue
24.WhydidRiskeyhavetheFrito-Laylogoredesigned?
A)Tosuitchangingtastesofyoungconsumers.
B)Topromotethecompany’sstrategyofglobalization.
C)Tochangethecompany’slong-heldmarketingimage.
D)TocompetewithotherAmericanchipproducers.
25.Frito-Lay’sexecutivesclaimthatthepromotingofAmericanfoodintheinternationalmarket_____.
A)won’taffecttheeatinghabitsofthelocalpeople
B)willleadtoeconomicimperialism
C)willbeintheinterestofthelocalpeople
D)won’tspoilthetasteoftheirchips
PassageTwo
Question26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
IncommunitiesnorthofDenver,residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministratorsastheVrainschoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement.”We’reworriedaboutourteachersandprincipals,andwereallydon’twanttolosethembecauseofthis,”oneparentsail.“Ifwecanhelpeasetheirfinancialburden,wewill.”
Teachersaregrateful,butknowitmaybeyearsbeforethedistrictissolvent(有综合能力的).Theyfeelreallygoodabouttheparentsupport,buttheyrealizeit’simpossibleforthentosolvethisproblem.
The22,000-studentdistrictdiscoveredtheshortagelastmonth.“It’sextraordinary.Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel,”saidStateTreasurerMikeCoffman.
Coffmananddistrictofficialslastweekagreedonastateemergencyplanfreeingypa$9.8millionloanthatenabledthepayroll(工资单)tobemetfor2,700teachersandstaffintimefortheholidays.
Districtofficialsalsotook$1.7millionfromstudent-activityaccountsits38schools.
AtCoffman’srequest,theDistrictAttorneyhasbeguninvestigatingthedistrict’sfinances.CoffmansayshewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortageuntilaftertheNovemberelection.,whenvotersapproveda$212millionbondissueforschools.
InFrederick,students’parentsarebuyingclassroomsuppliesandofferingtopayforgroceriesandutilitiestokeepfirst-yearteachersandprincipalsintheirjobs.
Some$36,000hasbeenraisedindonationsfromSafeway.AChevroletdealershipdonated$10,000andforgavethedistrict’s$10,750billforrentingthedrivereducatingcars.IBMcontributed4,500packsofpaper.
“Weemploythousandsofpeopleinthiscommunity,”saidMitchCarson,ahospitalchiefexecutive,whohelpedraisefunds.“Wehavechildrenintheschool,andweseehowtheycouldbeaffected.”
AtCreekHighSchool,threestudentsstartedawebsitethatdisplaysnewspaperarticles,districtinformationandanemailforum(论坛)。
“Rumorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightingspeed,”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.”
26.WhathashappenedtotheVrainSchoolDistrict?
A)Ahugefinancialproblemhasarisen.
B)Manyschoolstherearemismanaged.
C)Lotsofteachersinthedistrictareplanningtoquit.
D)Manyadministrativepersonnelhavebeenlaidoff.
27.HowdidtheresidentsintheVrainSchoolDistrictrespondtothebudgetshortage?
A)Theyfeltsomewhathelplessaboutit.
B)Theyaccusedthoseresponsibleforit.
C)Theypooledtheireffortstohelpsolveit.
D)Theydemandedathroughinvestigation.
28.IntheviewofStateTreasurerMikeCoffman,theeducationalbudgetshortageis_________.
A)unavoidable
B)unthinkable
C)insolvable
D)irreversible
29.WhydidCoffmanrequestaninvestigation?
A)Toseeiftherewasadeliberatecover-upoftheproblem.
B)Tofindouttheextentoftheconsequencesofthecase.
C)Tomakesurethattheschoolprincipalswereinnocent.
D)Tostopthevotersapprovingthe$212millionbongissue.
30.Threehighschoolstudentsstartedawebsiteinorderto__________.
A)attractgreaterpublicattentiontotheirneeds
B)appealtothepublicforcontributionsanddonations
C)exposeofficialswhoneglectedtheirduties
D)keeppeopleproperlyinformedofthecrisis
PassageThree
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
“Humansshouldnottrytoavoidstressanymorethantheywouldshunfood,loveorexercise.”SaidDr.HansSelye,thefirstphysiciantodocumenttheeffectsofstressonthebody.Whilehere’sonquestionthatcontinuousstressisharmful,severalstudiessuggestthatchallengingsituationsinwhichyou’reabletorisetotheoccasioncanbegoodforyou..
Ina2001studyof158hospitalnurses,thosewhofacedconsiderableworkdemandsbutcopedwiththechallengeweremorelikelytosaytheywereingoodhealththanthosewhofelttheystressthatyoucanmanagealsoboostimmune(免疫的)function.InastudyattheAcademicCenterforDentistryinAmsterdam,researchersputvolunteersthroughtwostressfulexperiences.Inthefirst,atimedtaskthatrequiredmemorizingalistfollowedbyashorttest,subjectsthroughagory(血淋淋的)videoonsurgicalprocedures.ThosewhodidwellonthememorytesthadanincreaseinlevelsofimmunoglobulinA,anantibodythat’sthebody’sfirstlineofdefenseagainstgerms.Thevideo-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibody.
Stresspromptsthebodytoproducecertainstresshormones.Inshortburststhesehormoneshaveapositiveeffect,includingimprovedmemoryfunction.“Theycanhelpnervecellshandleinformationandputitintostorage,”saysDr.BruceMcEwenofRockefellerUniversityinNewYork.Butinthelongrunthesehormonescanhaveaharmfuleffectonthebodyandbrain.
“Sustainedstressisnotgoodforyou,”saysRichardMorimoto,aresearcheratNorthwesternUniversityinIllinoisstudyingtheeffectsofstressonlongevity,”It’stheoccasionalburstofstressorbriefexposuretostressthatcouldbeprotective.”
31.Thepassageismainlyabout______
A)thebenefitsofmanageablestress
B)stayawayfrom
C)runoutof
D)putupwith
32.Theword“shun”(Line1,Para.1)mostprobablymeans________.
A)cutdownon
33.Wecanconcludefromthestudyofthe158nursesin2001that_______
A)peopleunderstresstendtohaveapoormemory
B)peoplewhocan’tgettheirjobdoneexperiencemorestress
C)doingchallengingworkmaybegoodforone’shealth
D)stresswillweakenthebody’sdefenseagainstgerms
34.IntheexperimentdescribedinParagraph3,thevideo-watchersexperiencedad
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