李林森简历Word文件下载.docx

李林森简历Word文件下载.docx

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　　Englishpoet,borninLombardStreet,London,onthe21stofMay1688.Hisfather,alsoAlexanderPope,aRomanCatholic,wasalinen-draperwhoafterwardsretiredfrombusinesswithasmallfortune,andfixedhis

　　residenceabout1700atBinfieldinWindsorForest.Pope’seducationwasdesultory.Hisfather’sreligionwouldhaveexcludedhimfromthepublicschools,evenhadtherebeennootherimpedimenttohisbeingsentthere.BeforehewastwelvehehadobtainedasmatteringofLatinandGreekfromvariousmasters,fromapriestinHampshire,fromaschoolmasteratTwyfordnearWinchester,fromThomasDeane,whokeptaschoolinMaryleboneandafterwardsatHydeParkCorner,andfinallyfromanotherpriestathome.Betweenhistwelfthandhisseventeenthyearsexcessiveapplicationtostudyunderminedhishealth,andhedevelopedthepersonaldeformitywhichwasinsomanywaystodistorthisviewoflife.Popewouldhavedespisedsoeasyametamorphosisasthisatanyperiodinhiscareer,andtheworkofhiscoadjutorsintheOdysseymaybe

　　distinguishedbythiscomparativecheapnessofmaterial.Broome’s

　　descriptionoftheclothes-washingbyNausicaaandhermaidensinthesixthbookmaybecomparedwiththeoriginalasaluminousspecimen.

　　Pope’swithadwonforhimthefriendshipofmanydistinguishedmen,andhissmallfortuneenabledhimtomeetthemonafootingofindependence.Hepaidlongvisitsatmanygreathouses,especiallyatStantonHarcourt,thehomeofhisfriendLordChancellorHarcourt;

atOakley,theseatofLordBathurst;

andatPriorPark,Bath,wherehishostwasRalphAllen.WiththelastnamedhehadatemporarydisagreementowingtosomeslightshowntoMarthaBlount,buthewasreconciledtohimbeforehisdeath.

　　Hediedonthe30thofMay1744,andhewasburiedintheparishchurchofTwickenham.HelefttheincomefromhispropertytoMarthaBlountuntilherdeath,afterwhichitwastogotohishalf-sisterMagdalenRackettandherchildren.HisunpublishedmanuscriptswereleftatthediscretionofLordBolingbroke,andhiscopyrightstoWarburton.

　　IfwearetojudgePope,whetherasamanorasapoet,withhumanfairness,andnotmerelybycomparisonwithstandardsofabstractperfection,therearetwofeaturesofhistimesthatmustbekeptsteadilyinview--the

　　characterofpoliticalstrifeinthosedaysandthepoliticalrelationsofmenofletters.AslongasthesuccessiontotheCrownwasdoubtful,andpoliticalfailuremightmeanlossofproperty,banishmentordeath,politicians,

　　playingforhigherstakes,playedmorefiercelyandunscrupulouslythaninmoderndays,andtherewasnocontrollingforceofpublicopiniontokeepthemwithintheboundsofcommonhonesty.HencetheageofQueenAnneispreeminentlyanageofintrigue.Thegovernmentwasalmostasunsettledasintheearlydaysofpersonalmonarchy,andtherewasthisdifference--

　　thatitwaspolicyratherthanforceuponwhichmendependedforkeepingtheirposition.Secondly,menofletterswereadmittedtotheinnercirclesofintrigueastheyhadneverbeenbeforeandastheyhaveneverbeensince.AgenerationlaterWalpoledefiedthem,andpaidtherougherinstrumentsthatheconsideredsufficientforhispurposeinsolidcoinoftherealm;

butQueenAnne’sstatesmen,whetherfromdifferenceoftastesordifferenceofpolicy,paidtheirprincipalliterarychampionswithsocialprivilegesandhonorablepublicappointments.Hencemenoflettersweredirectlyinfectedbythelowpoliticalmoralityoftheunsettledtime.Andthecharacteroftheirpoetryalsosuffered.Themostprominentdefectsoftheage--thelackofhighandsustainedimagination,thegenteellikingfor“naturetoadvantagedressed”,theincessantstrivingafterwit--werefostered,ifnotgenerated,bythesocialatmosphere.Pope’sownrulingpassionwastheloveoffame,andhehadnoscrupleswherethiswasconcerned.Hisvanityandhischildishloveofintrigueareseenattheirworstinhispettymanoeuvrestosecurethepublicationofhislettersduringhislifetime.TheseintricateproceedingswereuavelledwithgreatpatienceandingenuitybyCharlesWentworthDuke,whenthefalsepictureofhisrelationswithhiscontemporarieswhichPopehadimposedonthepublichadbeenpracticallyacceptedforacentury.ElizabethThomas,themistressofHeyCromwell,hadsoldPope’searlyletterstoHeyCromwelltothebooksellerCurllfortenguineas.ThesewerepublishedinCurll’sMiscellaneain1726（dated1727）,andhadconsiderablesuccess.ThissurreptitiouspublicationseemstohavesuggestedtoPopethe

　　desirabilityofpublishinghisowncorrespondence,whichheimmediatelybegantocollectfromvariousfriendsonthepleaofpreventingasimilarclandestinetransaction.ThepublicationbyWycherley’sexecutorsofaposthumousvolumeofthedramatist’sproseandversefurnishedPopewithanexcusefortheappearanceofhisowncorrespondencewithWycherley,whichwasaccompaniedbyaseriesofunnecessarydeceptions.After

　　manipulatinghiscorrespondencesoastoplacehisowncharacterinthebestlight,hedepositedacopyinthelibraryofEdward,secondearlofOxford,andthenhehaditprinted.ThesheetswereofferedtoCurllbyapersoncallinghimself““,whoprofessedadesiretoinjurePope,butwasnootherthanPopehimself.ThecopywasdeliveredtoCurllin1735afterlongnegotiationsbyanagentwhocalledhimself“R.Smythe”,withafeworiginalstovouchfortheirauthenticity.““haddrawnupan

　　advertisementstatingthatthebookwastocontainanswersfromvariouspeers.CurllwassummonedbeforetheHouseofLordsforbreachofprivilege,butwasacquitted,asthelettersfrompeerswerenotinfactforthcoming.DifficultiesthenarosebetweenCurlland““,andPopeinducedabooksellernamedCoopertopublishaNarrativeoftheMethodbywhichMr.Pope’sPrivateLetterswereprocuredbyEdmundCurli,

　　Bookseller（1735）.Thesepreliminariesclearedthewayforashowof

　　indignationagainstpiraticalpublishersanda“genuine”editionoftheLettersofMr.AlexanderPope（1737,folioand4to）.UnhappilyforPope’s

　　reputation,hisfriendCaryll,whodiedbeforethepublication,hadtakenacopyofPope’slettersbeforereturningthem.Thisletter-bookcametolightinthemiddleofthe19thcentury,andshowedthefreedomwhichPopepermittedhimselfinediting.ThecorrespondencewithLordOxford,preservedatLongleat,affordedfurtherevidenceofhistortuousdealings.ThemethodsheemployedtosecurehiscorrespondencewithSwiftwereevenmorediscreditable.Theproceedingscanonlybeexplainedasthemeasuresofadesperatemanwhosemaladiesseemtohaveengenderedapassionfortrickery.TheyarerelatedindetailbyElwinintheintroductiontovolumeIofPope’sWorks.Amanwhoissaidtohave“playedthe

　　politicianaboutcabbagesandturnips”,andwho“hardlydrankteawithoutastratagem”,wasnotlikelytobestraightforwardinamatterinwhichhisrulingpassionwasconcerned.AgainstPope’spetulanceand“generalloveofsecrecyandcunning”havetobeset,inanyfairjudgmentofhischaracter,hisexemplaryconductasason,theaffectionwithwhichhewasregardedinhisowncircleofintimates,andmanywell-authenticatedinstancesofgenuineandcontinuedkindlinesstopersonsindistress.Father:

AlexanderPope（linenmerchant,d.1717）

　　Mother:

（d.1733）

　　Authorofbooks:

　　PoeticalMiscellanies（1709,poetry）

　　AnEssayonCriticism（1711,poetry）

　　TheRapeoftheLock（1712–14,poetry）

　　TheDunciad（1728）

　　PeriBathouse,OrtheArtofSinkinginPoetry（1728）

　　AnEssayonMan（1733–34）

　　TheNewDunciad（1742）

　　2222

　　Earlylife

　　PopewasborntoAlexanderPope（1646–1717）,alinenmerchantofPloughCourt,LombardStreet,London,andhiswifeEdith（né

eTurner）

　　（1643–1733）,whowerebothCatholics.[3]Edith’ssisterChristianawasthewifeofthefamousminiaturepainterSamuelCooper.Pope’seducationwasaffectedbytherecentlyenactedTestActs,whichupheldthestatusoftheestablishedChurchofEnglandandbannedCatholicsfromteaching,attendingauniversity,voting,orholdingpublicofficeonpainofperpetualimprisonment.Popewastaughttoreadbyhisaunt,andwenttoTwyfordSchoolinabout1698/99.[3]HethenwenttotwoCatholicschoolsinLondon.[3]Suchschools,whileillegal,weretoleratedinsomeareas.[4]In1700,hisfamilymovedtoasmallestateatPopeswoodinBinfield,

　　[3]Berkshire,closetotheroyalWindsorForest.Thiswasduetostrong

　　anti-CatholicsentimentandastatutepreventingCatholicsfromlivingwithin10miles（16km）ofeitherLondonorWestminster.[5]PopewouldlaterdescribethecountrysidearoundthehouseinhispoemWindsorForest.Pope’sformaleducationendedatthistime,andfromthenonhemostlyeducatedhimselfbyreadingtheworksofclassicalwriterssuchasthesatiristsHoraceandJuvenal,theepicpoetsHomerandVirgil,aswellasEnglishauthorssuchasGeoffreyChaucer,WilliamShakespeareandJohnDryden.[3]HealsostudiedmanylanguagesandreadworksbyEnglish,French,Italian,Latin,andGreekpoets.Afterfiveyearsofstudy,PopecameintocontactwithfiguresfromtheLondonliterarysocietysuchasWilliamWycherley,WilliamCongreve,SamuelGarth,WilliamTrumbull,andWilliamWalsh.[3][4]

　　AtBinfield,healsobegantomakemanyimportantfriends.Oneofthem,JohnCaryll（thefuturededicateeofTheRapeoftheLock）,wastwentyyearsolderthanthepoetandhadmademanyacquaintancesintheLondonliteraryworld.HeintroducedtheyoungPopetotheageingplaywrightWilliamWycherleyandtoWilliamWalsh,aminorpoet,who