语言学考研真题文档格式.docx
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语言学考研真题文档格式.docx
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1WehaveseenonseveraloccasionsthatChomskysleashavehadadirectinfluenceonlanguageteachingpractice.
2Rulesoflanguageuseareoftenmoredifficulttostatethanrulesofgrammar.
3Mostforeignlanguagelearnersinmostclassroomshaveasyllabusimposedonthemfromoutside.
4Itiscommonlybelievedthatthereceptiveskills(listeningandreading)shouldbeapproachedbeforecorrespondingproductiveones(speakingandwriting)
5Beingpreparedtotakerisksisindeedavitalpartoflanguagelearning.
6Traditionalcomprehensionexercisesfocusedontop-downprocess.
7Thevariablesthatcontributetoindividualdifferencesareusuallydividedintothreebroadcategoriescognitiveaffectiveandpersonality.
8Researchintheareaoflanguageawarenesssuggeststhatgrammaticalsensirivityisindeedanimportantskillforthenativelanguagespeakerstopossess.
9Thesociolinguisticrevolutionleftitsmarkonclassroomtechniquesor“methodology”,andcontributedsignificantlytowhatiscommonlycalledcognitivemethodology.
10Almostalloftherecentdiscussioninlanguageteachingabouttheprosandconsofdrillinghasbeenwithinthebehaviorismversuscognitivismdebate.
3:
Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly
1Whatarethemajordifferencesbetweenaptitudetestsontheonehand,andachievementandproficiencytestsontheother.
2Aredifferentiatebetweenintegrativeandinstrumentalmotivationandgiveanexampleforit.
3Whatadvantagesdomultiplechoicequestionshave?
4Distinguishbetweenforeignlanguagelearningandforeignlanguageacquisitionandgiveoneexampleforcefully.
5Whatarethedifferencesbetweeninductivelearninganddeductivelearning?
Pleasegiveoneexampleforcefully.
Answerthefollowingquestioninyourownwords
1Whatdoyouthinkhighneedachievementmakesagoodlanguagelearner?
Makealistofthequalitiesyouthinkagoodlanguagelearnerpossessthinicaboutorallanguagelearnersalso.Whatmakesthembad?
2Thebothnegativetransferandpositivetransferinforeignlanguagelearning.ConsideryourownFLlanguageteachingexperience.MakealistofthreemistakesyourstudentsmightmakeduetonegativetransferfromtheirL1andalsoalistofthreeexamplesofpositivetransfer.
语言学:
Definingthefollowingterms
1Displacement
2Recursiveness
3Ideolect
4Fieldofdiscourse
5Morphophonology
Fillingintheblankswiththebestchoices
1Consonantsareproductedbyconstrictingorobstructing__________atsomeplacetodivert,impede,orcomplemetelyshutofftheflowofairintheoralcavity.
AthealveolamridgeBthetongue
CthevocaltractDthemandible
2[p,p]aretwodifferentphonesandarevariantsofthephoneme/p/.Suchvariantsofaphonemearecalled_________ofthesamephoneme.
AfreevariantsBallophones
CcomplementarydistributionDminimalpairs
3InEnglish,pronounshavethreecasesofnominative,accusativeandgenitive.Accusativecasesinclude___________.
AI,he,sheBme,him,her
Cmy,your,hisDthey,their,them
4________________isanapproachthatstressestherelationshipsofelementsinasentence.ItisatypeofgenerativegrammardevelopedbyC.J.Fillmoreinthelate1960s.
ACognitivegrammarBSpacegrammar
CCasegrammarDTransformationalgrammar
5__________________isChomsky’stermfortheconcreteindividuallinguisticevent.Itisbasedontheintuitiveknowledgeoftheidealspeaker/listenerabouttheregularitiesofthelanguage.
ACompetenceBLangue
CPerformativeDPerformance
TrueorFlaseQuestions(10%)
1Inflectionalaffixesdonotchangethewordclassofthewordtheyattach,whereasderivationalaffixesmightormightnot,suchastherelationbetweenbrotherandbrotherhoodfortheformer,andthatbetweensmallandsmallnessforthelatter.
2Theideathatthemeaningofasentencedependsonthemeaningsoftheconstituentwordsandthewaytheyarecombinedisusuallyknownastheprincipleofcompositionality.
3Propositionalcalculusisthestudyofthetruthconditionsforpropositions.
4AccordingtoRelevanceTheoryproposedbySperberandWilson,noteveryactofostensivecommunicationcommunicatesthepresumptionofitsownoptionalrelevance.
5RecencyEffectsdescribetheadditionaleasewithwhichawordisaccessedduetoitsrepeatedoccurrenceinthediscourseorcontext.
ShortAnswerQuestions(20%)
1SummarizethemainideasofSapir-WhorfHypotheses.
2Saussureisregardedasthefatherofmodernlinguistics,why?
Giveyourcomments.
Usethelinguisticstheoryyouhavelearnedtoanalyzethefollowingtwostatements:
1Anassumptionisrelevantinacontexttotheextentthatitscontextualeffectsinthiscontextarelarge.2Anassumptionisinthiscontextissmall.
Givesomeexamplestodemonstrate.(25%)
.J江西师范大学2007年硕士研究生入学考试A卷
外国语言学与应用语言学科目:
Linguistics
Definethefollowingterms(15)
1macrolinguistics
2deepstructure
3reference
4sociolect
5freevariation
Multiplechoice(10%)。
1Anillocutionaryactisidenticalwith________
AsentencemeaningBthespeaker’sintentionClanguageunderstandingDthespeaker’scompetence
2Conceptualmeaningis_____________________
AdenotativeBconnotative
CassociativeDaffective
3A______________isanymorphemeorcombinationofmorphemestowhichaninflectionalaffixcanbeadded.
AstemBrootCAllormorphDlexeme
4Thechoiceofanallophoneinagivenphoneticcontextis___________________
ArandomBpredictableCvariableDindependent
5____________________isoneofthesuprasegmentalfeatures.
AStopBVoicingCDeletionDTone
6Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreeCentigrade“is__________________
AinterrogativeBdirective
CinformativeDperformative
7Thestudyoflanguagedevelopmentoveraperiodoftimeisgenerallytermedas________linguistics.
AcomparativeBapplied
CsynchronicDdiachronic
8___________referstoaconstructionwhereoneclauseiscoordinatedwithanother.
AEmbeddingBRecursiveness
CConjoiningDCohesion
9Whatisthesyllabicstructureoftheword“stamp”
ACVBCVCC
CCCVCCDCCVC
10Thewordssuchas“lab”,”doc”are______________
AformedbyblendingBacronyms
CcoinedbybackformationDclippedwords
TrueorFlase(10%)
1Halliday’slinguisticpotentialissimilartothenotionsofparoleandperformance.
2Aphonemeinonelanguageoronedialectmaybeanallophoneinanotherlanguageordialect.
3Paradigmaticrelationinsyntaxisalternativelycalledhorizontalrelation.
4Prediactionofasentenceisidenticaltothepropositionofthesentence.
5Inthesemiotictriangle,thereisnodirectrelationshipbetweensymbolandreferent.
6TheCooperativePrinciple,animportantpragmaticprincipleproposedbyP.Grice,aimstoexplainhowwemeanmorethanwesay.
7ThetermStreamofConsciousnesswasoriginallycoinedbythephilosopherWilliamJamesinhisPrincipleofPsychologytodescribethefreeassociationofideasandimpressionsinthemind.
8InHyme’sview,thelearneracquiresknowledgeofsentencesnotonlyasgrammaticalbutalsoaslexical.
9Itisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplelearntheirfirstlanguageconsciouslyandacquiretheirsecondlanguagenaturally.
10Generativegrammarisasystemofrulesthatinsomeexplicitandwell-definedwayassignsstructuraldescriptionstosentence.
Explainthefollowingsentences(15%)
1Whatsyntacticruleisinvolvedinthetransformationofthesentence.”Themanwascheated”?
Explainbyusingtreediagrams.(8%)
2Explainthemoodofthesentence.”Thatteapotthedukehasgiventomyauntlastyear”,accordingtoHalliday’sinterpersonalfunction.(7%)
ShortEssayQuestions(25%)
1WhatarethethreeimportantpointsofthePragueSchool?
(13%)
2Howdoesutterancemeaningdifferfromsentencemeaning?
(12%)
SentenceLanguageAcquisition.
ExplainthefollowingtermsinEnglish(10%)
1LAD
2Rotelearningability
3Ethnocentrism
4Fossilization
5TargetLanguage
TrueorFalse(10%)
1Therearerulesofusewithoutwhichrulesofsyntaxaremeaningless.
2Thetypicalextrovertisaquite,retiringsortofperson,fondofbooksratherthanpeople.
3Communicativelanguagelearningismodeledoncounselingproceduresassociatedwithpsychotherapy.
4Alearnerwithnegativefeelingswillbeclosedtoinput,languagewillnotpasseasilythroughfilter.
5Inrole-playexercises,studentsactnotpartsinasmall-scaledramaspecificallysetuptopracticechosenfunctions.
6Keepingsilenceissomesortofcommunicationstrategy.
7FouroftheprincipleprotagonistsinbehaviorismwereAmericans__IvanPavlov,JohnWatson,EdwardThorndikeandBurrhusSkinner.
8Speakingandlisteningbelongtoreceptiveskillsandreadingandwritingareproductiveskills.
9Theauthenticityreferstothedegreetowhichlanguageteachingmaterialshavethequalitiesofnaturalspeechorwriting.
10Acquiringalanguageisnotmoresuccessfulandlongerlastingthanlearningitconsciously.
Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly(25%)
1Explaintoleranceofambiguityinthelanguagelearningprocess.
2Distinguishbetweendeclarativeandproceduralknowledgewithpracticalexamplesforeach.
3Whatisaffectivefilter?
Illustrateitwithanexample.
4Whatarethedifferencesbetweentop-downandbottom-uplearningprocess?
Pleasegiveexampleforeach.
5Whatisfacevalidity?
Giveanexampletodemonstrateit.
Answerthefollowingquestionsinyourownwords(30%)
1Chinesepeoplearemoreinstrumentallymotivatedthanintegrativelymotivatedin
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