新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程三4Word格式.docx

新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程三4Word格式.docx

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Ajobcanbeclassifiedaslaborifapersonhasnointerestinitandiscompelledtotakeitbythenecessityofearningalivingandsupportinghisfamily.

2.

Playisanactivitythatoneenjoysdoingasapastime.Whetheroneplaysornotisamatterofconcerntosociety.

3.

Intheauthor'

seye,themajorityofpeopleinthemoderntechnologicalsocietyarelabourersratherthanworkers.

4.

Thedevelopmentoftechnologyandthedivisionoflaborhaveturnedalargeamountofenjoyableworkintoboringlabor.

5.

Weareveryhappytoimagineaworldinfuturewherethemajorityoftheworkforcehaveasmuchtimeforplayastheupperclassesusedtohaveinthepast.

6.

Workersseldomcommitactsofviolencebecausetheaggressioninsidethemselves,ifany,wouldnaturallyturnintothemotivationanddeterminationtodotheirjobswell.

7.

Theprofessionweselectreflectsthekindofqualitieswewanttoshowinpublic.

8.

Thehighertheeducationalbackgroundisrequiredforanoccupation,theloweritsstatusis.

9.

Studiesshowthathavingtheabilityrequiredbythejobguaranteesgoodworkperformanceandcareersatisfaction.

10.

Ifyouareinterestedinyourwork,youaremorelikelytoobtaincareersuccessandjobsatisfaction,andlesslikelytogiveitup.

CompoundDictation

Youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom11-20withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.（10points）

Employmentisacontractbetweentwoparties,onebeingtheemployerandtheotherbeingtheemployee.Anemployerisapersonor11thathiresemployeesorworkers.Employersofferhourlywagesorasalaryin12fortheworker'

slaborpower,dependinguponwhethertheemployeeispaidbythehourorasetrateperpayperiod.Asalariedemployeeis13notpaidmoreformorehoursworkedthanthe14whereaswagesarepaidforallhoursworked,includingovertime.

Employersincludeeverythingfrom15hiringababysittertogovernmentsandbusinesseswhichmayhirethousandsofemployees.Inmostwestern16,governmentsarethelargestsingleemployersbutmostoftheworkforceisemployedinsmalland17businessesintheprivatesector.

Althoughemployeesmaycontributetoanenterprise,theemployermaintainscontrolovertheproductivebaseoflandandcapital,andistheentitynamedincontracts.18.Theseinventionsorcreationsbecomethepropertyoftheemployerbasedonaconceptknownas"

worksforhire"

.

Anemployers'

relativelevelofpoweroveremployeesisdependentuponnumerousfactors,19.

Therelationshipemployerssharewithemployeesisaffectedbythreesignificantfactors—interests,controlandmotivation.20.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

ReadingComprehension

Therearetwopassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices.Clickonthebestchoice.（20points）

PassageOne

Mobileofficeisthemutualproductofeconomic,scientific,andsocialprogress.Mobileofficehasbecomeasolutionthatprovidesuserswithconvenient,prompt,safe,reliableandreasonablypricedcommunicationsandofficefacultyanywhereanytimeviathemobileinterconnectionplatform（MIP）anditsapplicationssystems.

Whenyouleaveyourofficetoattendmeetingsortravelonbusiness,whatwouldhappentoyourbusinessroutine?

Ofcourse,faxesande-mailswouldstillbesenttoyourfaxmachineore-mailbox,butyoucannotreadthemandmakepromptreactiontimely.Whenyourclientsneedyoutomakesomeurgentmodificationsonyourworkandyouareneitherintheofficenorcarryingrelevantdocuments,whatcanyoudo?

Maybeyouhavetosay"

sorry"

totheclients.But,yourbusinesswillbeaffected,theclientswillbeunhappyanddisappointedbecauseofyourdelay,andyouwilllosealotofbusinessopportunities.

Infact,veryfrequently,youneedtocheck,reply,distribute,display,modifyorreadsomematerialswhenyouarenotinyouroffice.Youmustgetoutofthisdilemma.Thebestsolutiontonormallyhandleyourbusinessanywhereanytimeandnottodisappointyourclientsistoletyouroffice"

move"

withyou.Thus,youcanhaveconvenient,prompt,safe,reliable,andreasonablypricedcommunicationsandofficefacultyanywhereanytime.Withthedevelopmentofcommunicationstechnology,networkapplicationandwirelessinterconnection,mobileofficehasbecomesimplerandsmaller,andevencanberealizedviaonemobilephonewithdatacommunicationsfunction.Thus,mobileofficehasalreadybeenputintoyourpocket,andofficemobilityhasbeenrealized.

Mobileofficehasprovidedpeoplewithconvenient,casualworkingenvironment,butatthesametimeitstillhassomeunsatisfactoryaspectssuchasmismatchingequipmentinterface（接口，界面）andinadequatebattery.Nevertheless,webelievethatwithtechnicalprogress,peoplecancertainlyovercomeallkindsofdifficulties.Mobileofficewillmakeyourcareerunimpeded,andwillrealizethedreamofcompletelyfreecommunication.Userswillenjoymorecolorfullifeandbetterworkingenvironment,andusers'

livingstandard,workingefficiency,andevenenterprises'

productionefficiencywillcertainlybeimmenselyraised.

21.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_____.

A.mobileofficeistheonlywaybywhichpeoplecouldenjoypromptandsafeworkingenvironment

B.withthedevelopmentofscience,mobileofficecomestoourlifeinevitably

C.peoplehadnoconvenientandreliablecommunicationsandofficefacultybefore

D.mobileinterconnectionplatformanditsapplicationsystemsisthecoreofmobileoffice

22.Welearnfromthepassagethatwithoutmobileoffice,_____.

A.youcannotputyourbusinessroutineasideorattendmeetings

B.youcannotreadfaxesande-mailswhenyoutravelonbusiness

C.youcannotmakeapologiestotheclientsforyourdelay

D.youcannotcatchanybusinessopportunitiesbecauseofbadworkingcondition

23.Thepassagesuggeststhatmobileofficeisnecessary,especiallywhen_____.

A.youneedtomakesomeurgentmodificationonyourwork

B.youneedtoreadandreplyfaxesande-mails

C.youareoutoftheofficetoattendmeetings

D.youcanputthemobileofficeintoyourpocket

24.Whichofthefollowingstatementbestexpressesthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

A.Whenyouleaveyouroffice,youshouldnotforgetyourbusinessroutine.

B.Youwilllosealotofbusinessopportunitiesifyoualwaysdelayyourwork.

C.Whenyouleaveyouroffice,yourbusinessroutinewouldbeharmed.

D.Whenyoucannotmeettheneedofyourclients,youshouldsay"

25.Intheeyesoftheauthor,mobileoffice_____.

A.hassomefatalshortcomings

B.istooexpensivetoafford

C.wouldberealizedinthefuture

D.hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages

PassageTwo

Inthelast12yearstotalemploymentintheUnitedStatesgrewfasterthananytimeinthepeacetimehistoryofanycountry—from82to110millionbetween1973and1985—thatis,byafullonethird.Theentiregrowth,however,wasinmanufacturing,andespeciallyinno-blue-collarjobs.

Thistrendisthesameinalldevelopedcountries,andis,indeed,evenmorepronouncedinJapan.Itisthereforehighlyprobablethatin25years,developedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandJapanwillemploynolargeraproportionofthelaborforceinmanufacturingthandevelopedcountriesnowemployinfarming—atmost,10percent.TodaytheUnitedStatesemploysaround18millionpeopleinblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingindustries.By2010,thenumberislikelytobenomorethan12million.Insomemajorindustries,thedropwillbeevensharper.Itisquiteunrealistic,forinstance,toexpectthattheAmericanautomobileindustrywillemploymorethanone-thirdofitspresentblue-collarforce25yearshence,eventhoughproductionmightbe50percenthigher.

Ifacompany,anindustryoracountrydoesnotinthenextquartercenturysharplyincreasemanufacturingproductionandatthesametimesharplyreducetheblue-collarworkforce,itcannothopetoremaincompetitive—oreventoremain"

developed"

.Theattempttopreservesuchblue-collarjobsisactuallyaprescriptionforunemployment.

ThisisnotaconclusionthatAmericanpoliticians,laborleadersorindeedthegeneralpubliccaneasilyunderstandoraccept.WhatconfusestheissueevenmoreisthattheUnitedStatesisexperiencingseveralseparateanddifferentshiftsinthemanufacturingeconomy.Oneistheaccelerationofthesubstitutionofknowledgeandcapitalformanuallabor.