创新的技术应用体验魅力的时尚设计享受科技生活工作和娱乐休闲Word文档下载推荐.docx
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创新的技术应用体验魅力的时尚设计享受科技生活工作和娱乐休闲Word文档下载推荐.docx
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2.2.3.Energyrelatedparameters
3.OriginalGA-basedalgorithm
3.1.MethodologyofGA
3.2.GA-baseddynamicoptimaldesignalgorithm
4.Memeticalgorithmapproach
4.1.Localsearch
4.2.Thresholdupdateschemes
5.Results
5.1.Networkcharacteristics
5.2.Energyconservation
6.Discussion
7.Conclusions
References
Radioresourcemanagementinemergingheterogeneouswirelessnetworks
OriginalResearchArticle
Deploymentofheterogeneouswirelessnetworksisspreadingthroughouttheworldasuserswanttobeconnectedanytime,anywhere,andanyhow.Meanwhile,theseusersareincreasinglyinterestedinmultimediaapplicationssuchasvideostreamingandVoiceoverIP(VoIP),whichrequirestrictQualityofService(QoS)support.Provisioningnetworkresourceswithsuchconstraintsisachallengingtask.Infact,consideringtheavailabilityofvariousaccesstechnologies(WiFi,WiMAX,orcellularnetworks),itisdifficultforanetworkoperatortofindreliablecriteriatoselectthebestnetworkthatensuresusersatisfactionwhilemaximizingnetworkutilization.DesigninganefficientRadioResourceManagement(RRM),inthistypeofenvironment,ismandatoryforsolvingsuchproblems.InordertoprovideabetterunderstandingofRRM’sdesign,thispaperpresentsadetailedinvestigationofkeychallengesthatconstituteanefficientRRMframework.Moreimportantly,anoverviewwithaclassificationofrecentsolutions,intermsofdecisionmaking,isprovidedalongwiththediscussion.
2.Radioresourcemanagementinheterogeneouswirelessnetworks
2.1.Heterogeneouswirelessnetworks
2.2.Radioresourcemanagement
3.Decisionmechanisms
3.1.Network-centricapproach
3.2.User-centricapproach.
3.3.Collaborativeapproach
4.Importantconcerns
4.1.QoSsupport
4.2.Mobilitysupport
4.3.Architecturaldesign
5.Conclusionsandfutureworks
Constructiondefectmanagementusingatelematicdigitalworkbench
AutomationinConstruction
Real-time,rich-mediadatacommunicationbetweentheconstructionsiteandtheoff-sitedesignofficeisbecomingoneoftheimportantresearchareasininformationtechnologyforconstruction.Thispaperpresentstheconceptofatelematicdigitalworkbench,ahorizontaltabletopuserinterfaceintegratingmobilecomputingandwirelesscommunicationtofacilitatesynchronousconstructionsitetoofficecollaboration.Wedemonstratethecapabilitiesandpotentialsofthissystemconceptforconstructiondefectmanagement.Theon-sitecrewusesahandheldmobiledevicetocollectdefectinformationandtransferstheinformationtothedesignofficethroughwirelesscommunicationbysendingtheinformationtoadatabaselistener.Thedigitalworkbenchapplicationmonitorsthedatabaseandsynchronizesthelocationofthevisualinformationonthesitewiththe3Dmodelontheserver.Integratedwith3DviewingcapabilityinaCADsystem,designerscaninteractwiththecombinedmodel/sitedatausingahorizontalandverticalscreen.Acasestudycomparedthetelematicdigitalworkbenchagainstpaper-basedandPocketPC-basedmethodsfordefectmanagementinacontrolledlaboratoryexperiment.Thecasestudyresultsshowthatthetelematicdigitalworkbenchhasthepotentialtoimprovetheaccuracyofmatchingsitedatatodigitaldataandreduceinformationlossbetweensiteandofficecollaboration.
2.Background
2.1.Constructiondefectmanagement
2.2.Remotedesigncollaborationandemergingtechnologiesintheconstructionindustry
3.Mobileinspectionsystemon-site
3.1.On-sitedefectreportingapplication
3.2.Wirelesscommunication
4.Telematicdigitalworkbenchindesignoffice
4.1.Digitalworkbenchwithtangibleinteraction
4.2.Designdescriptionsofthetelematicdigitalworkbench
4.3.Synchronousdesigncollaborationusingthetelematicdigitalworkbench
5.Casestudy
5.1.Experiment
5.2.Experimentset-up
5.2.1.Participants
5.2.2.Defecttasks
5.2.3.Experimentprocess
5.2.4.Threefocusedprocesses
5.3.Observations
5.3.1.Paper-basedmethod
5.3.2.PocketPC-basedmethodusingcommercialsoftware
5.3.3.Telematicdigitalworkbenchmethod
5.4.Analysisofquestionnaireanswers
5.4.1.Perception
5.4.2.Performance
5.4.3.Collaboration
5.4.4.Suggestionsandcomments
6.Summaryanddiscussion
Acknowledgements
Areactiveroleassignmentfordataroutinginevent-basedwirelesssensornetworks
ComputerNetworks
Inthiswork,weshowhowwecandesignaroutingprotocolforwirelesssensornetworks(WSNs)tosupportaninformation-fusionapplication.Regardingtheapplication,weconsiderthatWSNsapplyinformationfusiontechniquestodetecteventsinthesensorfield.Particularly,inevent-drivenscenariostheremightbelongintervalsofinactivity.However,atagiveninstant,multiplesensornodesmightdetectoneormoreevents,resultinginhightraffic.Tosaveenergy,thenetworkshouldbeabletoremaininalatentstateuntilaneventoccurs,thenthenetworkshouldorganizeitselftoproperlydetectandnotifytheevent.Basedonthepremisethatwehaveaninformation-fusionapplicationforeventdetection,weproposearoleassignmentalgorithm,calledInformation-Fusion-basedRoleAssignment(InFRA),toorganizethenetworkbyassigningrolestonodesonlywheneventsaredetected.TheInFRAalgorithmisadistributedheuristictotheminimalSteinertree,anditissuitablefornetworkswithsevereresourceconstraints,suchasWSNs.Theoreticalanalysisshowsthat,insomecases,ouralgorithmhasaO
(1)-approximationratio.SimulationresultsshowthattheInFRAalgorithmcanuseonly70%ofthecommunicationresourcesspentbyareactiveversionoftheCentered-at-Nearest-Sourcealgorithm.
2.Relatedwork
3.Background
3.1.Networkandeventmodel
3.2.Deploymentmodel
3.3.Roleassignmentmodel
4.Problemstatement
5.InFRA:
Information-Fusion-basedRoleAssignment
5.1.Clusterformation
5.2.Routeformation
5.3.Informationfusion
5.3.1.Intra-clusterfusion
5.3.2.Inter-clusterfusion
5.4.Eventdetection
5.5.Dynamictopologies
5.6.Rolemigration
6.Theoreticalresults
6.1.Approximationratio
6.2.Acomplexityanalysis
7.Simulationresults
7.1.Methodology
7.2.Reactivevs.proactiveroleassignment
7.3.Communicationrange
7.4.Networkscalability
7.5.Eventscalability
7.6.Eventsize
7.7.Density
7.8.Eventduration
8.Finalremarks
AdaptiveCMOSanalogcircuitsfor4Gmobileterminals—Reviewandstate-of-the-artsurvey
MicroelectronicsJournal
Thefourth-generation(4G)ofcellularterminalswillintegratetheservicesprovidedbypreviousgenerationssecond-generation/third-generation(2G/3G)withotherapplicationslikeglobalpositioningsystem(GPS),digitalvideobroadcasting(DVB)andwirelessnetworks,coveringmetropolitan(IEEE802.16),local(IEEE802.11)andpersonal(IEEE802.15)areas.Thisnewgenerationofhand-heldwirelessdevices,alsonamedalways-best-connectedsystems,willrequirelow-powerandlow-costmulti-standardchips,capableofoperatingoverdifferentco-existingcommunicationprotocols,signalconditions,batterystatus,etc.Moreover,theefficientimplementationofthesechipsetswilldemandforreconfigurableradiofrequency(RF)andmixed-signalcircuitsthatcanadapttothelargenumberofspecificationswithminimumpowerdissipationatthelowestcost.
NanometerCMOSprocessesareexpectedtobethebasetechnologiestodevelop4Gsystems,assuringmassproductionatlowcostthroughincreasedintegrationlevelsandextensiveuseofdigitalsignalprocessing.However,theintegrationinstandardCMOSofincreasinglycomplexanalog/RFpartsimposesanumberofchallengesandtrade-offsthatmaketheirdesigncritical.
Thesechallengesareaddressedinthispaperthroughacomprehensiverevisionofthestate-of-the-artontransceiverarchitectures,buildingblocksanddesigntrade-offsofreconfigurableandadaptiveCMOSRFandmixed-signalcircuitsforemerging4Gsystems.
2.Reviewof4Gwirelesssystems
3.Multi-standardwirelesstransceivers
4.FlexibleCMOScircuitsfortheRF-frontend
4.1.Low-noiseamplifiers
4.2.Mixers
4.3.FrequencysynthesizersandLO-generationcircuits
5.FlexibleCMOScircuitsforthemixed-signalBB
5.1.Channelselection
5.2.Multi-standardfilteringtechniques
5.3.Reconfigurable
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