上海市第四中学学年高一下学期周考英语试题Word格式文档下载.docx
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上海市第四中学学年高一下学期周考英语试题Word格式文档下载.docx
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Springisfinallyhere.Haveyounoticedthatyouandthosearoundyouarenowin(25)_______bettermoodthanafewmonthsago?
Infact,springeuphoria(极度愉快地心情)isnotanillusion---it(26)_______bescientificallyexplained.Thenwhatisit(27)_______makesusfeelmoreenergetic?
Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthat(28)_______(work)isthecombinationofincreasedlightandwarmth.Humanbeingsareprogrammedtofeelsleepywhenit’sdarkoutside.Thatmeanswehavetoworkharder(29)_______(stay)alertduringthelongperiodsofdarknessinwinter.Thearrivalofspringbringsmoredaylight,(30)_______wecanenjoytheenergythatisnolongerneededtofightoffdrowsiness.
Atthesametime,ourhormonalbalanceisalsochangedwhenspringiscoming.Theincreasedlightandridingtemperaturebri
ngsaboutthereleaseofserotonin(血清素),abrainchemicalthataffectshowapersonfeels,andendorphin,ahormonethatreducesthefeelingofpain.Asaresult,ourmoodsget(31)_______(improve)inspring,althoughthecolddoesnotnecessarilycontributetoworsemoods.
Withthedevelopmentofair-conditioningandheating,ourwelfareisnolongerweather-dependent,butpeoplearestillsensitive(32)_______weather.Inwarmerweather,wefeellike(33)_______(go)wherearecangetacoolbeeroranicecream.It’sapositivesign(34)_______thebodyreactspositivelytoabeautifulday.Wealsotendtosocializemore.Studieshaveshownthatpositivesocialcontactiscloselylinkedtosenseofhappiness.
Hello,springeuphoria!
Let’senjoytheperiodwhenwefeelquitepositive!
SectionB
Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.mysteryB.lowerC.developedD.freezingE.exactly
F.transplantG.finallyH.understandingI.formedJ.similar
K.survive
It’stimetowelcomethewarmspring!
Youmustbehappytotakeoffyourheavysweaterandtoseethatwinteris___35___gone.Butdidyouknowthatthereareafewanimalswhodon’tfearthecoldandevenenjoy___36___weather?
TheArcticground
squirrel,theonlyknownwarm-bloodedmammalthatcanlivewithabodytemperatureunder0℃,interestsseveralscientists,whobelievethatthesecrettothisabilitycouldbeimportant.
TheproblemoflivinginArcticwintersisthatthewaterinanimals’bodiesfreezestobecomeice,breakinguptheircellsandcausingdeath.
Inordertoliveintheirextremeenvironment,polaranimalshave___37___differentabilitiestofightagainstthedamagefromiceformingintheirbodies.Forexample,beforethelongsleepofhibernationwoodfrogslivinginAlaskacanproduce“cryoprotectants”,which___38___thefreezingpointofwaterinsidetheirbodies.Inaddition,theAntarcticmidgecanlostupto70percentofthewaterinitsbodybeforehibernation,andcan___39__temperaturesaslowas-20℃.
However,aswarm-bloodedmammals,Arcticgroundsquirrelscan’tdotheabovetrick.Instead,beforehibernationthesquirrelsmanagetogetridofwould-beice-nucleators,whichare___40___toicecrystals,intheirbodies.Althoughhowtheyexactlydothisremainsa___41___,BrainBarnes,oftheUniversityofAlaskaFairban
ksintheUS,saysthatthesquirrelsmaydothisbymakingmaskingagents.Theseagentsstopice-nucleatorstopreventicefrombeing___42___.Thismeansthattheycanentera“supercooledstate”
Scientistsbelieve___43___howArcticgroundsquirrelsdealwiththefreezingconditionscouldonedayhelphumans.Forexample,atthemoment,organsfor___44__arechilledbutnotfrozen.Thismeans
theoperationhastobedonewithinjustafewhours,andmanylife-savingorganscannotreachtheirpatientsintime.
Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension
directions:
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Filltheeachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
Allovertheworld,peopleadmirethebeautyandgraceofbutterflies.Butterfliescomeineverycolorimaginable,andtheir___45___displayanincrediblevarietyofpatterns.Thelargestbutterfly,QueenAlexandra’sBirdwing,hasawingspan(翼展)ofupto280millimetersandlivesinPapuaNewGuinea.thesmallest,theWesternPygmyBlueinthesouthernU.S.,hasawingspanofonly12millimeters.Sadly,someofthesebeautifulcreaturesarenow___46__.
Estimatesindicatethatbetween15and20thousandspeciesofbutterfliesexistaroundtheworld.Anumberofthesespeciesareendangered,over20inJapan___47___.Althoughthatnumbermayseemsmall,losingevenonespecieswouldbe___48__.Nowadaysscientistsevenlooktobutterfliesasa___49___oftheenvironment’shealth,sincetheyare___50___toenvironmentalchanges.Manyenvironmentalistsaroundtheworldareeagertoprotecttheendangeredbutterfliesfromextinction.TheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYork,forexample,hasanunusualbutterflyexhibit.Thisexhibit___51___theimportantrolethatbutterflies
playinourenvironment.
inrecentyears,envi
ronmentalgroupshavemadesignificantprogressin___52___endangeredbutterflypopulations.GovernmentsthroughoutAsiahavepassedlawstohelpprotectendangeredwildlife,includingbutterflies.AnareacalledButterflyValleyinAssam,India,hasbecomethefocusofconscious___53___toprotectthebutterflies’habitat(栖息地).OtherprojectsinSerbia,Japan,andCanadaarealsohopingto___54___.Someoftheseeffortsarealreadystartingtowork.ThepopulationoftheE1SegundoBlueButterflyinCalifornia,forinstance,hasincreasedby8percentsince2010.
Findingacureforthebutterflycrisisis,___55___,notjustforenvironmentalgroups.___56___citizenscanplantbutterflygardenstosupportandenjoythesegentlecreatures.AgroupoffemaleprisonersinBelfair,Washington,arehelpingtorescueanendangeredspeciescalledTaylor’sCheckerspot.Theyrecognizehow___57___seeminglyinsignificantcreaturescanbe.Theworldcannotaffordtoloseanybutterflies.AsenvironmentalistJohnMuironce___58___,“Whenwetrytopickoutanythingbyitself,wefindit___59___toeverythingelseintheUniverse.”
45.A.colorsB.bodiesC.wingsD.feelers
46.A.outofcontrolB.ingreatdangerC.ontheflyD.outofdate
47.A.nearbyB.thoughC.besidesD.alone
48.A.predictableB.possibleC.imaginableD.terrible
49.A.
factorB.pictureC.measureD.display
50.A.exposedB.accustomedC.sensitiveD.resistant
51.A.highlightsB.changesC.replacesD.finds
52.A.preservingB.controllingC.observingD.recognizing
53.A.projectsB.effortsC.stepsD.groups
54.A.setanexampleB.keepthepromise
C.makeadifferenceD.takethetime
55.A.howeverB.furthermoreC.otherwiseD.therefore
56.A.distinguishedB.LeadingC.SeniorD.Ordinary
57.A.gracefulB.significantC.pitifulD.mysterious
58.A.proposedB.commentedC.promisedD.recommended
59.A.restrictedB.adaptedC.contributedD.tied
Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
A
Mostchildren,eventheyoungestchildren,aredelightedtobearoundcatsanddogs.Butthesepetscarryplentyofgermsandallergens(过敏原),researcherstoask:
Arecatsanddogsreallysafeforchildren?
Astudyfindsthat,contrarytomanyparents’fears,owningcatsordogsdoesnotincreaseachild’sriskofdevelopingallergies,andinfact,mayactuallyprotectthem.Thestudy’sleadingauthor,Dr-DennisOwnbyoftheMedicalCollegeofGeorgia,saidthatevenhewas“verysurprised”bytheresults.Heandhiscolleaguesfollowedmorethan470childrenfrombirthtoage6or7,comparingthoseexposedtocatsanddogsduringtheirfirstyearoflifetothosewhowerenot.
Byusingskinprick(皮肤针刺)testsfordetectingcommonallergies,theresearchesfoundthat,contrarytowhatmanydoctorshadbeentaughtforyears,childrenwhohadlivedwithapetwerenotatgreaterrisk.
Evenmoreremarkable,childrenwhohadtwoormoredogsorcatshadevengreatreductionupto77%,inriskofallergies.Researcherssuggestthisprotectiveeffectmaybetheresultofearlyexposuretolotsofbacteriathatarecarriedbydogsandcats.exposingyoungchildrentothesebacteriahelps“exercise”theirimmunesystemsearlyinlifesothatthey’rebetterabletoresistallergicdiseaseslater.
Andwhileresearchersarenotencouragingparentstobuydogsorcatsjusttoreduceachild’sallergyrisk,theysayifa
familyalreadyhasoneormoreanimals,there’snoneedtogetridofthem.
60.Whydotheresearchersfeel“verysurprised”bytheresultsofthestudy?
A.Becauseparentsaresomuchworriedabouttheirchildren.
B.Becausesomanychildrenareplayingwithcatsanddogs.
C.Becausetheresultsarecontrarytotheirexpectation.
D.Becausechildrenwithanimalsmaydevelopallergieseasily.
61.Comparedwithchildrenwhohavepets,thosewhohaven’t_______.
A.willlosethechancetodevelopimmunesystem
B.maysufferallergicdiseasesmoreoften
C.willreducetheharmfrombacteria
D.cankeepdoctorsaway
62.Itcanbeinferredfromthepa
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