教材文本语料库M8Word文件下载.docx
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教材文本语料库M8Word文件下载.docx
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Inthe18thcenturyCaliforniawasruledbySpain.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtooktheirland.Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.In1821,thepeopleofMexicogainedtheirindependencefromSpain.CaliforniathenbecamepartofMexico.In1846theUnitedStatesdeclaredwaronMexico,andafterthewarwonbytheUSA,MexicohadtogiveCaliforniatotheUSA.However,thereisstillastrongSpanishinfluenceinthestate.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.
RUSSIANS
Intheearly1800s,Russianhunters,whohadoriginallygonetoAlaska,begansettlinginCalifornia.Todaythereareabout25,000Russian-AmericanslivinginandaroundSanFrancisco.
GOLDMINERS
In1848,notlongaftertheAmerican-Mexicanwar,goldwasdiscoveredinCalifornia.Thedreamofbecomingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thenearest,andthereforethefirsttoarrive,wereSouthAmericansandpeoplefromtheUnitedStates.ThenadventurersfromEuropeandAsiasoonfollowed.Infact,fewachievedtheirdreamofbecomingrich.Somediedorreturnedhome,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.Theysettledinthenewtownsoronfarms.BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethethirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.
LATERARRIVALS
AlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughtevenlargernumberstoCaliforniainthe1860s.Today,Chinese-AmericansliveinallpartsofCalifornia,althoughalargepercentagehavechosentostayinthe"
Chinatowns"
ofLosAngelesandSanFrancisco.
OtherimmigrantssuchasItalians,mainlyfishermenbutalsowinemakers,arrivedinCaliforniainthelate19thcentury.In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkestablishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsuptheirDanishculture.Bythe1920sthefilmindustrywaswellestablishedinHollywood,California.TheindustryboomattractedEuropeansincludingmany
Jewishpeople.TodayCaliforniahasthesecondlargestJewishpopulationintheUnitedStates.
JapanesefarmersbeganarrivinginCaliforniaatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,andsincethe1980salotmorehavesettledthere.PeoplefromAfricahavebeenlivinginCaliforniasincethe1800s,whentheymovednorthfromMexico.However,evenmorearrivedbetween1942and1945toworkintheshipandaircraftindustries.
MOSTRECENTARRIVALS
Inmorerecentdecades,CaliforniahasbecomehometomorepeoplefromAsia,includingKoreans,Cambodians,VietnameseandLaotians.Sinceitsbeginninginthe1970s,thecomputerindustryhasattractedIndiansandPakistanistoCalifornia.
THEFUTURE
Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld,attractedbytheclimateandthelifestyle,stillimmigratetoCalifornia.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.
GEORGE’SDIARY12TH-14THJUNE(M8U1UsingLanguage)
Monday12th,June
Arrivedearlythismorningbybus.Wentstraighttohoteltodropmyluggage,showerandshave.Thenwentexploring.Firstthingwasarideonacablecar.FromtopofthehillgotaspectacularviewofSanFranciscoBayandthecity.Builtin1873,thecablecarsystemwasinventedbyAndrewHallidie,whowantedtofindabetterformoftransportthanhorse-drawntrams.Apparentlyhe'
dbeenshockedwhenhesawaterribleaccidentinwhichatram'
sbrakesfailed,theconductorcouldnotcontrolthesituationandthetramslippeddownthehilldraggingthehorseswithit.
HadalatelunchatFisherman'
sWharf.ThisisthedistrictwhereItalianfishermenfirstcametoSanFranciscointhelate19thcenturyandbeganthefishingindustry.Nowit'
satouristareawithlotsofshops,seafoodrestaurantsandbakeries.It'
salsotheplacetocatchtheferrytoAngelIslandandotherplacesintheBay.
DidsomuchexploringatFisherman'
sWharf.Amexhaustedanddon'
tfeellikedoinganythingelse.Earlybedtonight!
Tuesday13th,June
Teamedupwithacouplefrommyhotel(PeterandTerri)andhiredacar.Spentalldaydrivingaroundthecity.There'
safascinatingdrivemarkedoutfortourists.Ithasblueandwhitesignswithseagullsonthemtoshowthewaytogo.It'
sa79kmround-tripthattakesinallthefamoustouristspots.Stoppedmanytimestoadmiretheviewofthecityfromdifferentanglesandtakephotographs.Nowhaveareallygoodideaofwhatthecity'
slike.
Inevening,wenttoChinatownwithPeterandTerri.Chineseimmigrantssettledinthis
areainthe1850s.Thefrontsofthebuildingsaredecoratedtolooklikeoldbuildingsin
southernChina.Sawsomeinterestingtempleshere,anumberofmarketsandagreatmanyrestaurants.Alsoartgalleriesandamuseumcontainingdocuments,photographsandallsortsofobjectsaboutthehistoryofChineseimmigration,butitisclosedintheevening.Willgobackduringtheday.Hadadeliciousmealandthenwalkeddownthehilltoourhotel.
Wednesday14th,June
Inmorning,tookferrytoAngelIslandfromtheportinSanFranciscoBay.OnthewayhadagoodviewoftheGoldenGateBridge.From1882to1940AngelIslandwasafamous
immigrationstationwheremanyChinesepeopleappliedforrighttoliveinUSA.Thecellsinthestationwereverysmall,coldanddamp;
somedidnotevenhavelightbuttheimmigrantshadnowhereelsetogo.Theirmiserablestayseemedtobepunishmentratherthanjusticeandfreedomtothem.TheywrotepoemsonthewallsabouttheirlonelinessandmournedtheirformerlifeinChina.In1940thecivilauthoritiesreformedthesystemsothatmanymoreChinesepeoplewereabletograsptheopportunityofsettlingintheUSA.Mademeverythoughtfulandthankfulformylifetoday.
LOUISARMSTRONG:
THEGRANDFATHEROFJAZZ(M8U1Readingtask)
Somepeopleareconsideredgreat,notjustbecauseoftheirachievementsbutalsobecauseoftheir
personalities.OnesuchpersonisLouisArmstrong,whoiswithoutadoubtthemostinfluential(有
影响的)jazzmusicianofalltime.
BorninNewOrleansin1901,Louiswassopoorthatheoftenwent"
shopping"
inrubbishbinsoutsidefancyrestaurants.Althoughsomeboysinhissituationmighthaveturnedtocrimetogetmoneyforfoodandclothing,Louisneverdid.InsteadheandseveralotherboyssangonthestreetsofNewOrleanstoearnafewcentsfrompassers-by.
Attheageof12,LouiswasarrestedbythepoliceforfiringagunintotheairataNewYear'
sEveparty.Hewassenttoaschoolforproblemboyswherethemusicteachertaughthimtoplaydrumsandthetrumpet.Whenhelefttheschooltwoyearslater,Louisfoundworkwhereverhecouldandintheeveningswenttolistenandlearnatclubswherejazzmusiciansplayed.Hewasnoticedbyawell-knownmusiciancalledJoe"
King"
Oliverwhobegantoteachhimaboutjazzandtofindhimjobsinbands.WhenJoeOliverleftNewOrleansin1917,Louistookoverhisjobinoneofthebestbandsintown.
Overthenextfewyears,Louisimprovedasamusicianandin1922hebegantravellingto
othercitiesintheUnitedStateswhereheintroducedhisparticularstyleofjazztoenthusiastic
audiences.In1924,hebeganrecordinghismusicandfromthattimeonmusiciansfromeverywherewouldlistentohim.Beforelong,hehadbecomeaverybigjazzstar,aspopularasmajorrockstarsaretoday.LouislovedentertainingpeopleandtouredallovertheUnitedStatesbeforetravellingtoEuropein1932.
Aswellasplayingwithhisbandandrecordinghismusicforalmost50years,LouisArmstrongactedinover50moviesandwrotetwoautobiographies.Hewasabletocommunicatewithpeoplefrommanydifferentbackgrounds-richandpoor,famousandordinary,educatedanduneducated,musiciansandnon-musicians.Forthisreasonthegovernmentencouragedhimtotraveltoforeigncountries,especiallyEuropeandAfrica,asanunofficialgoodwillambassador(非官方亲善大使)fortheUnitedStates.HespokepubliclyabouttherightsofblackpeopleinAmerica,usinghisfametohelpinthefightforequalrightsforallAmericancitizens.
Althoughhebecamerichandfamous,LouisArmstrongcontinuedto
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