SPARQL协议Word格式.docx
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SPARQL协议Word格式.docx
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Thisdocumentwasproducedbythe
RDFDataAccessWorkingGroup,whichispartofthe
W3CSemanticWebActivity.ThefirstreleaseofthisdocumentasaWorkingDraftwas14January2005andtheWorkingGrouphasaddressedanumberof
commentsreceived
and
issues
sincethen.Therehasbeen
oneeditorialchange
sincethe
November2007ProposedRecommendation.
TheWorkingGroup'
s
SPARQLProtocolImplementationReport
demonstratesthatthegoalsforinteroperableimplementations,setinthe
April2006CandidateRecommendation
wereachieved.
TheDataAccessWorkingGrouphaspostponed12issues,including
aggregatefunctions,and
anupdatelanguage.
Thisdocumentwasproducedbyagroupoperatingunderthe
5February2004W3CPatentPolicy.W3Cmaintainsa
publiclistofanypatentdisclosures
madeinconnectionwiththedeliverablesofthegroup;
thatpagealsoincludesinstructionsfordisclosingapatent.Anindividualwhohasactualknowledgeofapatentwhichtheindividualbelievescontains
EssentialClaim(s)
mustdisclosetheinformationinaccordancewith
section6oftheW3CPatentPolicy.
TableofContents
∙1.Introduction
∙2.SPARQLProtocol
o2.1
SparqlQuery
Interface
▪2.1.1
query
Operation
▪2.1.2
InMessage
▪2.1.3
OutMessage
▪2.1.4
FaultMessages
o2.2HTTPBindings
▪2.2.1HTTPExamples
▪2.2.1.1
SELECT
withservice-suppliedRDFdataset
▪2.2.1.2
withsimpleRDFdataset
▪2.2.1.3
CONSTRUCT
withsimpleRDFdatasetandHTTPcontentnegotiation
▪2.2.1.4
ASK
▪2.2.1.5
DESCRIBE
▪2.2.1.6
withcomplexRDFdataset
▪2.2.1.7
withquery-onlyRDFdataset
▪2.2.1.8
withambiguousRDFdataset
▪2.2.1.9
withmalformedqueryfault
▪2.2.1.10
withqueryrequestrefusedfault
▪2.2.1.11Verylong
queryusingPOSTbinding
▪2.2.1.12
withinternationalization
▪2.2.1.13
withqueryHttpPostbindingandXMLinput
o2.3SOAPBindings
▪2.3.1SOAPExample
∙3.PolicyConsiderations
o3.1Security
∙4.Conformance
∙5.References
o5.1Normative
o5.2Informative
∙6.Acknowledgments
1.Introduction
Thisdocument(whichreferstoitselfas"
SPARQLProtocolforRDF"
)describesSPARQLProtocol,ameansofconveyingSPARQLqueriesfromqueryclientstoqueryprocessors.SPARQLProtocolhasbeendesignedforcompatibilitywiththeSPARQLQueryLanguageforRDF
[SPARQL].SPARQLProtocolisdescribedintwoways:
first,asanabstractinterfaceindependentofanyconcreterealization,implementation,orbindingtoanotherprotocol;
second,asHTTPandSOAPbindingsofthisinterface.Thisdocument,aswellastheassociatedWSDLandW3CXMLSchemadocuments,areprimarilyintendedforsoftwaredevelopersinterestedinimplementingSPARQLqueryservicesandclients.
Whenthisdocumentusesthewords
must,
mustnot,
should,
shouldnot,
may
recommended,andthewordsappearasemphasizedtext,theymustbeinterpretedasdescribedin
RFC2119
[RFC2119].
Whenthisdocumentcontainsexcerptsfromotherdocuments,includingWSDLandXMLSchemainstances,itusesthefollowingnamespaceprefixesandnamespaceURIs:
Prefix
NamespaceURI
st
http:
//www.w3.org/2005/09/sparql-protocol-types/#
xs
//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
vbr
//www.w3.org/2005/sparql-results#
rdf
//www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
whttp
//www.w3.org/2006/01/wsdl/http
wsoap
//www.w3.org/2006/01/wsdl/soap
soap
//www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope
wsdlx
//www.w3.org/2005/08/wsdl-extensions
tns
//www.w3.org/2005/08/sparql-protocol-query/#
2.SPARQLProtocol
ThissetofdocumentscomprisesthespecificationoftheSPARQLProtocol:
ThecurrentdocumentwhichnormativelyspecifiestheSPARQLProtocolinhuman-readablelanguage.
SPARQLProtocolWSDL2.0Description
ThenormativedescriptionoftheSPARQLProtocolusingWSDL2.0.
SPARQLProtocolTypes
TheXMLSchemadocumentthatnormativelydefinesthetypesusedinSPARQLProtocol.
SPARQLProtocolcontainsoneinterface,
SparqlQuery,whichinturncontainsoneoperation,
query.SPARQLProtocolisdescribedabstractly
with
[WSDL2]intermsofawebservicethatimplementsitsinterface,types,faults,andoperations,aswellasbyHTTPandSOAPbindings.NotethatwhilethisdocumentusesWSDL2.0todescribeSPARQLProtocol,thereisnoobligationonthepartofanyimplementationtouseanyparticularimplementationstrategy,includingtheuseofanyWSDLlibraryorprogramminglanguageframework.
2.1SparqlQueryInterface
2.1.1
operation
istheprotocol'
sonlyinterface.Itcontainsoneoperation,
query,whichisusedtoconveya
SPARQLquerystring
and,optionally,an
RDFdataset
description.
The
operationisdescribedasan
In-Outmessageexchangepattern
[WSDL-Adjuncts].TheconstraintsofanIn-Outmessageexchangepatternareasfollows:
Thispatternconsistsofexactlytwomessages,inorder,asfollows:
1.Amessage:
oindicatedbyaInterfaceMessageReferencecomponentwhose{messagelabel}is"
In"
and{direction}is"
in"
oreceivedfromsomenodeN
2.Amessage:
Out"
out"
osenttonodeN
Thispatternusestherule
2.2.1FaultReplacesMessage.
ThisinterfaceanditsoperationaredescribedinthefollowingWSDL2.0fragment(from
protocol-query.wsdl,whichcontainstherelevantnamespacedeclarations):
<
!
--AbstractSparqlQueryInterface-->
interfacename="
SparqlQuery"
styleDefault="
//www.w3.org/2006/01/wsdl/style/iri"
>
<
--theInterfaceFaults-->
faultname="
MalformedQuery"
element="
st:
malformed-query"
/>
QueryRequestRefused"
query-request-refused"
--theInterfaceOperation-->
operationname="
query"
pattern="
//www.w3.org/2006/01/wsdl/in-out"
documentation>
Theoperationisusedtoconveyqueriesandtheirresultsfromclientstoservicesandback
again.<
/documentation>
inputmessageLabel="
query-request"
outputmessageLabel="
query-result"
--theinterfacefaultsareoutfaults-->
outfaultref="
tns:
messageLabel="
/operation>
/interface>
Excerpt1.0WSDL2.0fragment
2.1.2
Abstractly,thecontentsoftheInMessageof
SparqlQuery'
operationisaninstanceofanXMLSchemacomplextype,called
query-request
inExcerpt1.0,composedoftwofurtherparts:
one
SPARQLquerystring;
andzerooroneRDFdataset
descriptions.TheSPARQLquerystring,identifiedbyone
type,is
defined
by[SPARQL]as"
asequenceofcharactersinthelanguagedefinedbythe[SPARQL]grammar,startingwiththeQueryproduction"
.TheRDFdatasetdescriptioniscomposedofzerooronedefaultRDFgraphs—composedbytheRDFmergeoftheRDFgraphsidentifiedbyzeroormore
default-graph-uri
types—andbyzeroormorenamedRDFgraphs,identifiedbyzeroormore
named-graph-uri
types.Thesecorrespondtothe
FROM
FROMNAMED
keywordsin[SPARQL],respectively.
ThesetypesaredefinedinthefollowingXMLSchemafragment,from
protocol-types.xsd:
xs:
elementname="
complexType>
sequence>
elementminOccurs="
1"
maxOccurs="
name="
type="
string"
annotation>
queryisanxs:
stringconstrainedbythelanguagedefinition,
http:
//www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/#grammar,as"
asequenceofcharactersin
thelanguagedefinedbythe[SPARQL]grammar,startingwiththeQueryproduction"
.<
/xs:
element>
0"
unbounded"
default-graph-uri"
anyURI"
named-graph-uri"
Excerpt1.1XMLSchemafragment
SpecifyinganRDFDataset
TheRDFdatasetmaybespecifiedeitherina[SPARQL]queryusing
keywords;
oritmaybespecifiedintheprotocoldescribedinthisdocument;
oritma
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