MPICH2 ReadmeWord文档格式.docx
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MPICH2 ReadmeWord文档格式.docx
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intheRELEASE_NOTESfile,wherecertainrestrictionsaredetailed.
Finally,theMPICH2website,http:
//www.mcs.anl.gov/mpi/mpich2,
containsinformationonbugfixesandnewreleases.
WindowsusersshouldseethefileREADME.windowsinthisdirectory.
GettingStarted
===============
Thefollowinginstructionstakeyouthroughasequenceofstepstoget
thedefaultconfiguration(TCPcommunication,MPDprocessmanagement)of
MPICH2upandrunning.Alternateconfigurationoptionsaredescribed
later,inthesection"
Alternativeconfigurations"
.
1.Youwillneedthefollowingprerequisites.
-Thistarfilempich2-1.0.tar.gz
-ACcompiler(gccissufficient)
-AFortrancompilerifFortranapplicationsaretobeused(g77is
sufficient)
-AC++compilerfortheC++MPIbindings(g++issufficient)
-Python2.2orlater(forthedefaultMPDprocessmanager)
-PyXMLandanXMLparserlikeexpat(inordertousempiexecwith
theMPDprocessmanager)
-AFortran-90compilerifyouconfigurewith--enable-f90.Only
MPI-2"
basic"
supportisprovidedatthistime(noF90module).
Configurewillcheckfortheseprerequisitesandtrytoworkaround
deficienciesifpossible.(Ifyoudon'
thaveFortran,youwill
stillbeabletouseMPICH2,justnotwithFortranapplications.)
2.Unpackthetarfileandgotothetopleveldirectory:
tarxfzmpich2.tar.gz
cdmpich2-1.0
Ifyourtardoesn'
tacceptthezoption,use
gunzipmpich2.tar.gz
tarxfmpich2.tar
3.Chooseaninstallationdirectory(thedefaultis/usr/local/bin):
mkdir/home/you/mpich2-install
Itwillbemostconvenientifthisdirectoryissharedbyallofthe
machineswhereyouintendtorunprocesses.Ifnot,youwillhave
toduplicateitontheothermachinesafterinstallation.
4.ConfigureMPICH2,specifyingtheinstallationdirectory:
./configure-prefix=/home/you/mpich2-install|&
teeconfigure.log
(Onshanditsderivatives,use"
2>
&
1|teeconfigure.log"
instead
of"
|&
teeconfigure.log"
).Otherconfigureoptionsaredescribed
below.YoumightalsoprefertodoaVPATHbuild(seebelow).
Checktheconfigure.logfiletomakesureeverythingwentwill.
Problemsshouldbeself-explanatory,butifnot,sent
configure.logtompich2-maint@mcs.anl.gov.
5.BuildMPICH2:
make|&
teemake.log
Thisstepshouldsucceediftherewerenoproblemswiththe
precedingstep.Checkmake.log.Iftherewereproblems,send
make.logtompich2-maint@mcs.anl.gov.
6.InstalltheMPICH2commands:
makeinstall|&
teeinstall.log
Thisstepcollectsallrequiredexecutablesandscriptsinthebin
subdirectoryofthedirectoryspecifiedbytheprefixargumentto
configure.
7.Addthebinsubdirectoryoftheinstallationdirectorytoyourpath:
setenvPATH/home/you/mpich2-install:
$PATH
forcshandtcsh,or
exportPATH=/home/you/mpich2-install:
forbashandsh.Checkthateverythingisinorderatthispointby
doing
whichmpd
whichmpiexec
whichmpirun
Allshouldrefertothecommandsinthebinsubdirectoryofyour
installdirectory.Itisatthispointthatyouwillneedto
duplicatethisdirectoryonyourothermachinesifitisnot
inasharedfilesystemsuchasNFS.
8.MPICH2,unlikeMPICH,usesanexternalprocessmanagerforscalable
startupoflargeMPIjobs.Thedefaultprocessmanageriscalled
MPD,whichisaringofdaemonsonthemachineswhereyouwillrun
yourMPIprograms.Inthenextfewsteps,youwillgethisringup
andtested.MoredetailsoninteractingwithMPDcanbefoundin
theREADMEfileinmpich2-1.0/src/pm/mpd,suchashowtolist
runningjobs,kill,suspend,orotherwisesignalthem,andhowto
usethempigdbdebugger.Theinstructionsgivenhereshouldbe
enoughtogetyoustarted.
Beginbyplacinginyourhomedirectoryafilenamed.mpd.conf,
containingtheline
secretword=<
secretword>
where<
isastringknownonlytoyourself.Itshould
notbeyournormalUnixpassword.Makethisfilereadableand
writableonlybyyou:
chmod600.mpd.conf
9.Thefirstsanitycheckconsistsofbringinguparingofonempdon
thelocalmachine,testingonempdcommand,andbringingthe"
ring"
down.
mpd&
mpdtrace
mpdallexit
Theoutputofmpdtraceshouldbethehostnameofthemachineyouare
runningon.Thempdallexitcausesthempddaemontoexit.
10.Nowwewillbringuparingofmpd'
sonasetofmachines.Createa
fileconsistingofalistofmachinenames,oneperline.Namethis
filempd.hosts.Thesehostnameswillbeusedastargetsforsshor
rsh,soincludefulldomainnamesifnecessary.Checkthatyoucan
reachthesemachineswithsshorrshwithoutenteringapassword.
Youcantestbydoing
sshothermachinedate
or
rshothermachinedate
Ifyoucannotgetthistoworkwithoutenteringapassword,youwill
needtoconfiguresshorrshsothatthiscanbedone,orelseuse
theworkaroundformpdbootinthenextstep.
11.Startthedaemonson(someof)thehostsinthefilempd.hosts
mpdboot-n<
numbertostart>
Thenumbertostartcanbelessthan1+numberofhostsinthe
file,butcannotbegreaterthan1+thenumberofhostsinthe
file.Onempdisalwaysstartedonthemachinewherempdbootis
run,andiscountedinthenumbertostart,whetherornotitoccurs
inthefile.
Thereisaworkaroundifyoucannotgetmpdboottoworkbecauseof
difficultieswithsshorrshsetup.Youcanstartthedaemons"
by
hand"
asfollows:
#startsthelocaldaemon
mpdtrace-l#makesthelocaldaemonprintitshost
#andportintheform<
host>
_<
port>
Thenlogintoeachoftheothermachines,puttheinstall/bin
directoryinyourpath,anddo:
mpd-h<
hostname>
-p<
&
wherethehostnameandportbelongtotheoriginalmpdthatyou
started.Fromeachmachine,afterstartingthempd,youcando
toseewhichmachinesareintheringsofar.Moredetailson
mpdbootandotheroptionsforstartingthempd'
sarein
mpich2-1.0/src/pm/mpd/README.
12.Testtheringyouhavejustcreated:
TheoutputshouldconsistofthehostswhereMPDdaemonsarenow
running.Youcanseehowlongittakesamessagetocirclethis
ringwith
mpdringtest
Thatwasquick.Youcanseehowlongittakesamessagetogo
aroundmanytimesbygivingmpdringtestanargument:
mpdringtest100
mpdringtest1000
13.Testthattheringcanrunamultiprocessjob:
mpdrun-n<
number>
hostname
Thenumberofprocessesneednotmatchthenumberofhostsinthe
ring;
iftherearemore,theywillwraparound.Youcanseethe
effectofthisbygettingranklabelsonthestdout:
mpdrun-l-n30hostname
Youprobablydidn'
thavetogivethefullpathnameofthehostname
commandbecauseitisinyourpath.Ifnot,usethefullpathname:
mpdrun-l-n30/bin/hostname
14.NowwewillrunanMPIjob,usingthempiexeccommandasspecified
intheMPI-2standard.Therearesomeexamplesintheinstall
directory,whichyouhavealreadyputinyourpath,aswellasin
thedirectorympich2-1.0/examples.Oneofthemistheclassiccpi
example,whichcomputesthevalueofpibynumericalintegrationin
parallel.
mpiexec-n5cpi
Aswithmpdrun(whichisusedinternallybympiexec),thenumberof
processesneednotmatchthenumberofhosts.Thecpiexamplewill
tellyouwhichhostsitisrunningon.Bydefault,theprocesses
arelaunchedoneaftertheotheronthehostsinthempdring,soit
isnotnecessarytospecifyhostswhenrunningajobwithmpiexec.
Therearemanyoptionsformpiexec,bywhichmultipleexecutables
canberun,hostscanbespecified(aslongastheyareinthempd
ring),separatecommand-lineargumentsandenvironmentvariablescan
bepassedtodifferentprocesses,andworkingdirectoriesandsearch
pathsforexecutablescanbespecified.Do
mpiexec--help
fordetails.Atypicalexampleis:
mpiexec-n1master:
-n19slave
mpiexec-n1-hostmymachine:
toensurethattheprocesswithrank0runsonyourworkstation.
Theargumentsbetween'
:
'
sinthissyntaxarecalled"
argument
sets"
sincetheyapplytoasetofprocesses.Somearguments,
called"
global"
applyacrossallargumentsetsandmustappear
first.Forexample,togetranklabelsonstandardoutput,use
mpiexec-l-n3cpi
SeetheUser'
sGuideformuchmoredetailonargumentstompiexec.
ThempiruncommandfromtheoriginalMPICHisstillavailable,
althoughitdoesnotsupportasmanyoptionsasmpiexec.Youmig
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