风景园林专业英语阅读Word文档格式.docx
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风景园林专业英语阅读Word文档格式.docx
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2013--Buildtime:
--Client:
MoscowCityGovernmentChiefDesigner:
KongjianYu
ProjectProfile
InJunethisyear,theTurenscapeConsortiumwasselected,asoneofashortlistof6,toprepareadesignproposalforZaryadyePark,Moscow.Ourschemeistitled‘TheBlueCircleofMoscow’,whichhasareflectingpoolintheshapeofaperfectcircleasitscenterpiece,asamirrortotheMoscowskyline,managingurbanstormwater,andaroundwhichamyriadofprogramsandlandscapeswillflourish.
TheBlueCircleisenvisionedasanewcityicon,whichlinksthepastwiththepresentandthefuture,whichreconnectsmanwithnature,whichreunitestheseparatedurbanspace,andwhichgathersindividualsofallkinds.
Projectconcept
RootedinthegeniuslociofMoscowandthesite,theZaryadyeParkisdesignedasanurbanecosystemthatprovidesmultipleeco-servicestothecityandpeople.Byoverlayingtherichnessofsite'
shistoricallayers,theParkbecomesalivingpuzzlethatlockstogetherthecity’smemory,culture,ecologyandpeople,whichrevealsthememoryofthepastandmakesaprophecyforthefuture.ZaryadyeParkisacontemporarylandscapewithanewaestheticbasedonenvironmentalethics:
itoffershighperformanceandrequireslowmaintenance;
itrepairsthebrokenconnectionsbetweenmanandnature.Itsmainfeature-theBlueCircleistheperfectcounterpointtotheRedSquare.
Challengesofthesitethattheproposalneedstodealwithare
1.UrbanEcology:
stormwaterandsnowmeltsfromsurrounding
2.NationalIdentity:
aniconwithrepresentative,authentic,naturalandculturallandscape
3.HarshClimate:
coldwinterandhotsummer
4.RecreationandTourism:
providesintimatespacesandalsoforactivitiesinacrowdsetting
5.Heritageandhistory:
existingbuildingsasopen-airmuseum
6.SiteConnectivity:
linkingRedSquare,waterfront,andcontext
ProjectStrategies
Inordertodealwiththechallengesweadoptedadesignstrategy,whichprovides
1.Afunctionalecosystemthatcleansandfiltratescity’sstormwaterandsnowmeltandsupportnativebiodiversity
2.AnewiconofMoscowthatrepresentsanauthenticnaturalandculturallandscape
3.Anoasisthatregulatestheharshclimateandurbanenvironmentandactsasaretreattoprovideanintimateexperienceofnature
4.Aplacethatgatherspeopleandstagesdifferentactivitiesinallseasonsandweather
5.Apublic'
balcony'
andopenmuseumforthecitywhichcatchesthebestviewsofMoscow'
sheritageskyline
6.Aunitingspacethatconnectsthesurroundingurbanfabricandthewaterfront
ProjectDescription
ZaryadyePark-theBlueCircleofMoscow-isanintegrationof4layers.
Firstly,itisasystemofDesignedNatures.Itiscomposedof5majorlandscapeelementsthatrepresentRussian
vernacularlandscapes-thembeing,themonasterygardens,meadow,constructedwetland,reflectionpondandbirchforest.
Secondly,theschemebringstotheforethefootprintsremnantsonthesite.Thedesignvisualizestheimprintsofthehistoricalbuildingsandstreetscapethatliesunderneath,andtransformstheseimprintsintoafunctionalwetlandandgroundpattern.
Thirdly,therearetheWintergardens.Servicefacilitiesincludingcafé
restaurant,andtemporaryexhibitionsarecontainedinglasshouses.
Lastly,thereistheBoardwalkandSkywalksystemthataredetachedfromthegroundandthatintegrateseatingwithplatformsandenvironmentalinterpretationsystemforpeopletoexperiencethedesignednatures.
2QuzhouLumingPark
1.ProjectStatement:
Onasitesurroundedbydensenewurbandevelopment,thelandscapearchitectcreatedadynamicurbanparkbyincorporatingtheagriculturalstrategyofcroprotationandalowmaintenancemeadow.Anelevatedfloatingnetworkofpedestrianpaths,platformsandpavilionscreateavisualframeforthiscultivatedswathandthenaturalfeaturesoftheterrainandwater.Usingthesestrategies,adesertedmismanagedlandscapewasdramaticallytransformedintoaproductiveandbeautifulsettingforurbanliving,whilepreservingthenaturalandculturalpatternsandprocessesofthesite.
2.ProjectNarratives
ChallengesandObjectives:
TheprojectislocatedonthewestbankoftheShiliangRiver,intheWestNewDistrictofQuzhouCity,ZhejiangProvince,withapopulationof2.5million.Thecity,boastingahistoryofover1,800years,isknowntotheworldbecauseofitsstrategiclocationontheeastcoastofChina.DuringtheWorldWarII,theUSAirForceusedthesmallairportatQuzhouasabasefortheDoolittleRaid(theTokyoRaid),on18April,1942.
Withatotalareaof32hectares,thesiteissurroundedbyintensiveurbandevelopment,boundedbytheriveronthewestandanurbanthoroughfareattheeast.Itisaremnantpatchworklandscapemadeupofrollinghillscoveredwithamosaicofexposedredsandstone;
vegetatedareasofbushesandgrasses;
smallswathesofabandonedfarmfields;
ariparianfloodplainalongtheriverbasin;
andalineargroveoftreesborderingtheriver.Scatteredinthislandscapeweresmallvillagetrailspavedwithriverstones,anoldrestingpavilion,anirrigationditchleadingtoapumphousethatpulledwaterfromtheriver.Thereisanelevationdropof20metersfromtheurbanroadwaytotheriparianfloodplainandasandstonecliffatthewaterfront.TheconventionalapproachindevelopingalargenewurbandistrictinChinaistolevelthesite–themethodusedinthesurroundinglandscapeforurbanareasandparks.Simplybecausethisruggedlandscapemosaicisnotconsideredvaluableoraestheticallypleasingandtheculturallandscapeelementsaredeemedinsignificant,thecommonpracticeoflevelingthegroundsimplifiesthemechanicalandengineeringprocessesandfacilitatestheinstallationofinfrastructuresuchasroads,watersupplyandstormwaterdrainage.
Theclient’ssimplerequestwasthattheparkshouldbeamultifunctionalgreenspacethatprovidesrecreationalopportunitiesforthecitizens.Thelandscapearchitecttookthisopportunitytoexploreinnovativeconceptstorealizethepotentialforanurbanparkthatisnotonlyarecreationalgreenspace,butalsoservesasecologicalinfrastructurethatprovidesholisticecosystemsbenefits.Thedesigngoalsalsoincludedaddressingbigpictureissuessuchasclimatechange,foodandenergysecurity,waterresilience,andanewlandscapeaestheticofproductivityandlowmaintenance.Ideassuchas“befriendingtheflood”,agriculturalurbanismandproductivelandscape,minimumintervention,performativelandscape,etc.areintegratedintoalandscapetransformationstrategy:
“quiltingtheterrain”.
3.DesignStrategy:
Quiltingtheterrain
Thetransformativestrategyofquiltingtheterrainisexecutedbythefollowingfourstrategies:
(1)Preservationofthelandscape’sassets
Themosaiclandscapepatternanditsnaturalprocessesarekeptbasicallyunchanged:
therockoutcroppingsandcliffs,thebrushandgrasscover,thenaturaldrainagesystemandthefluctuationofriverwater,theagriculturalfields,andthetreesliningtheriverbankarekeptintact.Theculturallandscapeelementsincludingthevillagetrailswiththeoldpavilionandtheirrigationditchwiththepumphousearetreatedasculturalheritageelementsofthesitetobemaintainedandrepairedtopreservethesite’shistory.Thesesignificantnaturalandculturallandscapefeaturescomposeacanvaslacedwithmeaningandrichtextures,ontowhichthelandscapearchitectweavedinlayersofcontextuallyappropriatedesign.
(2)“Quilting”productivevegetationintotheterrain:
Whiletheexistinghabitatswerepreserved,productivecropswereintroducedtocovertheabandonedfields.Thecropsrotateannuallyaccordingtotheseason:
canolaflowersinthespring,sunflowersinthesummerandfall,andbuckwheatinearlywinter.Meadowsplantedwithamixtureofflowerspeciesalsorotatewithotherproductivecropsinsomeareas.Patchesoflowmaintenanceperennialchrysanthemumflowers,whichcanbeharvestedforChineseherbalmedicine,aregrowntoenrichthelandscapespectrum.Twoareasofgrassylawnsaredesignatedforcamping,athleticfields,kid’srecreation,etc.Thediversepalletofvegetationcreatesanoverallproductiveand/orlowmaintenancecanvasthatencouragesdynamicyear-roundeventsandcelebrationsandprovidesday-to-dayuseofthepark.
(3)Adaptingthewaterprocessesandwaterresilience:
Thepre-existingdrainagesystemonthesitewaspreserved,andadditionalbio-swaleswereaddedtofieldsandslopedareastocaptureandfilterstormwater(whichcanbeusedforirrigationwhenneeded).Permeablematerialswereusedonallpavedsurfaces.Concreteembankmentswereremovedsothattheriverandwetlandswerefreetofluctuatenaturally.Aboardwalkwasdesignedto“float”abovetherivercreatinganaccessroutethatallowsvisitorstoappreciatetheredstonecliffs,whichwouldotherwisegounnoticed.Thepavilionswerebuilttobeflood-friendly.
(4)Framingtheterrainandwaterwithanetworkofpathsandstructures:
Boardwalks,bridges,platforms,pavilionsandaviewingtowerformacirculationnetworkthatprovidesvisitorswitharichsetofinteractionswiththemosaiclandscape.Thepavilionstructuresareinspiredbythesimplesheltersdottedinthevernacularlandscapethatprovidelunchandrestingspaceforworkingfarmersinthefieldsinthissubtropicalclimate.Thisnetwork,whiledetachedfromthe“canvas”ofthelandscapemosaicbelowit,effectivelytransformstheproductiveand“messy”natureb
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