A Boy in Search of the Meaning of Life Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the RyeWord文档格式.docx
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A Boy in Search of the Meaning of Life Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the RyeWord文档格式.docx
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IV.TheThematicAnalysis………….…………………………………..…..4
1Enjoyingandadoringabundantgoods…………………………..…....4
2Returningtonatureanddefendingthechildren'
spurespiritualworld….…5
3Holden'
spsychologicaljourney:
escape,struggle,fantasyandcompromise….6
4Generationgapbetweenchildrenandadults……………………...……...7
V.ThemesofTheCatcherintheRye……….……………………………..8
1Innocence……………………………………..………………………8
2Death………..………………………………………………………….8
3Loneliness……….………………..……………………………………8
4Alienation………………………………..…………………………….9
5Sexualconfusion……...…………………..………………………………9
VI.MyViewsonHoldenCaulfield………….……………...………………9
References……………………………………….………………………...10
ABoyinSearchoftheMeaningsofLife
——HoldenCaulfieldinTheCatcherintheRye
Abstract:
Ascounterculturalrevoltbegantogrowduringthe1950sand1960s,TheCatcherintheRyewasfrequentlyreadasataleofanindividual'
salienationwithinaheartlessworld.Holdenseemedtostandforyoungpeopleeverywhere,whofeltthemselvesbesetonallsidesbypressuretogrowupandlivetheirlivesaccordingtotherules,todisengagefrommeaningfulhumanconnection,andtorestricttheirownpersonalitiesandconformtoablandculturalnorm.ManyreaderssawHoldenCaufieldasasymbolofpure,unfetteredindividualityinthefaceofculturaloppression.BecauseSalingerusedslangandprofanityinhistextandbecausehediscussedadolescentsexualityinacomplexandopenway,manyreaderswereoffended,andTheCatcherintheRyeprovokedgreatcontroversyuponitsrelease.Thoughcontroversial,thenovelimmediatelyappealedtoagreatnumberofpeople.Itwasahugelypopularbest-sellerandgeneralcriticalsuccess.Salinger'
swritingseemedtotapintotheemotionsofreadersinacompletelyunprecedentedway.
Keywords:
alienation;
loneliness;
hypocrisy;
innocence;
growth
摘要:
随着20世纪五六十年代反社会运动的高涨,《麦田守望者》不断作为冷酷世界中孤立的人的故事被品读。
霍尔顿似乎代表了所有的年轻人,他们觉得自己被来自四面八方的各种压力所包围,他们要成长,并要按照准则去生活,要断绝有意义的人际接触,要抑制自己的个性,并顺应一格索然无味的文化标准。
很多读者把霍尔顿作为一个象征,他是一个纯真的面对文化压迫而不受羁绊的人物。
由于塞林格在书中使用了俚语和亵渎的言辞,又由于他以一种复杂而坦诚的方式探讨了青少年的性问题,触怒了许多读者,使得《麦田守望者》一经问世即引发了强烈的争议。
该小说虽具争议性,但仍然受到大批读者的喜爱,它是极为受欢迎的畅销书,在评论界亦是个成功,塞林格的作品似乎以一种前所未有的形式触动了读者的情感。
关键词:
疏远;
孤独;
虚伪;
纯真;
成长
I.Introduction
JeromeDavidSalinger(1916-)wasborninNewYorkCity,onJanuary1,1916.HegrewupinNewHampshireandlaterattendedthreecolleges,butgotnodegree.Asearlyastheageoffifteenhebeganwriting,andpublishinghisfirstshortstorywhenhewastwenty-one.AfterserviceasaninfantrysergeantinEuropeduringWorldWarⅡhewrotemorestories,mostofwhichwerepublishedinCollier'
s,SaturdayEveningPost,Storyandotherjournals.Slinger'
sfirstmajorwork,TheCatcherintheRye(1951),provesawholegenerationinsearchofnewvalues.Itsadolescenthero,HoldenCaulfield,isaliterarydescendantofHuckHinn:
moreeducatedandsophisticated,thesonofaffluentNewYorkers,butlikeHuckayouthfulrunawayfromaworldofadultwhichhypocrisy,greedandphoniness.Thenovelalsocreatesapleasantlyexcitinganduniquelanguageofstammeringyouth.InNineStories(1953),Salingerrevealedthathewasamasteroftheshortstoryform.Heintroduceditinhischronicleofaneccentric,warm-heartedfamilynamedGlass,continuedinhisnextbookofstories.Salingerwasoneofthemostcontroversialauthorsofthepost-warera,andhewascertainlyoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleamongcollegeyouthfromthemid-1950'
stothemid-1960s.Ironically,hisownpersonalimplication,hisinsistenceonprivacyinanageofexposure,continuedtotheworshipthatgrewaroundhiswork.Thecultpraisesthevirtuesofchildlikeinnocenceandspiritualloveattheexpenseofthemorevigorousdemandsoflife.
II.TheSynopsisofTheCatcherintheRye
Thenoveltellsa16-year-oldmiddleschoolboy——HoldenCaufield'
slivingstyleinNewYorkCity.BecauseHoldenisverypooratstudy,heisexpelledfromschool.Inordernottogohomeearlierthanhisparentsgetnoticefromschool,heletshimselfroaminNewYork,hegoestoahotelcrawlingwithprostitutesand'
'
queers'
.Verysoon,herealizesafactthattheworldofadultsisphony,andthatheissurroundedbyall'
jerks'
ofallkinds.HisfirstnightinNewYorkendsinabitterquarrelwithapimpwhocheatshimoutofhispocketandbeatshimup.Thenextmorningprovesdullandspiritless.Thedaymovesonslowly,sadandweary.Ameetingwithafriendendswithanotherquarrel;
drinkingwithanoldacquaintancedoeslittletoimprovehismood.Hegetsdrunkandfeelsdepressedandlonesome.Nightfalls.HoldensneaksbackhometoseehiskidsisterPhoebe.Sheisalivelygirl,butherwordsabouttheirfather'
killing'
himsickensHolden,thenhethinksofanex-classmateandhejumpedoutofthewindowandlaydeadonthestonesteps.Aftercreepingoutofhome,Holdengoestohisformerteacher,Mr.Antolini,onlyfindsthatthemanisahomosexual.Holden'
ssecondnightinNewYorkthusendswithahastyescapeformMr.Antolini'
shouse.Christmasiscoming,butHoldenfeelshimselfsinking.Nowheisthinkingofgoingtothewestandspendingtherestofhislifethere.Hegoestosaygood-byetoPhoebe,tohisdismay,Phoebeinsistsongoingwithhim.Thisunexpectedactoflovejostleshimoutofhisdreamandhisnightmarishthree-dayadventureinNewYork.Hegoeshome,fallsill,andrecoversinapsychiatricwardinCalifornia.Itistherethatherecountshissadstoryofgrowingup.
ThenovelmainlydepictsHolden'
sthree-dayadventurelifeandhispsychologicalfeelings.Holdenwastiedofmoderncivilization'
shypocrisyandcorruption,buthecouldn'
tfindlife'
smeanings.Hethusbecameanxious,crazyanddespairing.Althoughhetriedtoreturntonature,atlasthehadtostayintherealsociety,learnedtoadjusthimandadaptedthesocietygradually.Asanearly-maturingyoungster,Holdenwasbitterlyawarethatmodernsocietyprovidedapoorevenbarrensoilfortheyouth.Itmadethe'
edger'
whowasgrowinguplikehim,stoppedtostepintothefuturebecauseoffear.Intheworldmadeof'
childrenangels'
and'
adultsevils'
tobe'
acatcherintherye'
washisuniquemeaningfuljobandhisonlymoralchoice.Parentsandcriticscommentonthisnovelfromdifferentviews.Somepeopleextolledthisbookwhileotherpeoplecriticizeditseverely.Howeverwithtimegoingby,itsplaceintheAmericanliteraturewasgraduallystableanditwaspaidmoreattentionbythecriticcircle.
III.TheBackgroundsofTheCatcherintheRye
TheatomicexplosionoverHiroshimaandNagasakiclaimedthevictoryoftheUnitedStatedoverJapanandtheendoftheSecondWorldWaraswell.NeverhadanewhistoricalerasoabruptlybefallenAmericanasthecataclysmofatomicbombsonJapanese.TheAtomicAgehasunmistakablyasserteditselfandAmericansweresuddenlybroughttofaceacompletelynewworldinwhicholdrulesandguidelinesturnedouttobehelpless.Afterthewar,theUnitedStatesgotevenmoreinvolvedintheinternationalaffairs.America'
srivalwiththeSovietUnionresultedintheinitialoftheColdWar.ItsmarkwastheimplementoftheTrumanDoctrinein1947,theprincipleofridiculouslysupportinganti-CommunistregimeswithmassiveaidandtheMarshallPlan,theinvestmentofvastsumsofmoneybytheUnitedStatestohelpreconstructionofEurope.By1949,thefurtherhostilityandtensionprocuredtwomilitaryopposinggroups:
NATO,theNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganizationandWarsawPact,anallianceofthenationsofEasternEurope.In1950,McCarthy,anotorioussenator,suggestedinvestigatingso-calledun-Americanactivitiesingovernmentalestablishments.Underthepretenceoftheseinvestigations,thereactionaryforcesintheU.S.intensifiedtheirpersecutionofcommunistsandprogressives.AsTruman'
scontainmenttoEastAsiafaltered,KoreanWarbrokeout.Inthe1950s,the'
Beat'
writers,inexpressionofdissatisfactionwith'
official'
Americanlife,werebrutallyanddirectlydominant.Theso-called'
BeatGeneration'
thoughnotexpatriateliketheLostGeneration,werealienatedfeelingliketheforeignersintheirowncountry.TheSecondWorldWarbroughttheUnitedStatesoutfromtheGreatDepression.Businessespeciallyinthecorporateworldseemedtoofferthegoodlife(usuallyinthesuburbs)withitsrealandsymbolicmarksofsuccesses,horses,cars,televisionsandhomeappliances.AftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,U.S.imperialismutilizeditsdominantindustrialandeconomicexpansionabroad.
JeromeDavidSalingerwasborninNewYorkCity,onJanuary1,1916.HegrewupinNewHampshireandlaterattendedthreecolleges,butgotnodegree.Asearlyastheageoffifteenhebeganwriting,andpublishedhisfirstshortstorywhenhewastwenty-one.AfterserviceasaninfantrysergeantinEuropeduringWorldWarⅡhewrotemorestories,mostofwhichwerepublishedinCollier'
s,SaturdayEveningPost,StoryandotherJournals.In1951,Salingerpublishedhisonlyfull-lengthnovel,TheCatcherintheRye,whichpropelledhimontothenationalstage.ThisbookwaspublishedatatimewhentheburgeoningAmericanindustrialeconomymadethenationprosperousandentrenchedsocialrulesservedasacodeofconformityfortheyoungergeneration.ManyeventsfromSalinger'
s
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