职称英语理工类B级阅读判断历年真题及答案.docx
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职称英语理工类B级阅读判断历年真题及答案.docx
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职称英语理工类B级阅读判断历年真题及答案
2020年职称英语理工类B级阅读判断历年真题及答案
2020年真题
ADHDfinkedtoAirPollutants
Childrenhaveanincreasedofattentionproblemsseenasearlyasgradeschool.Iftheirnosesinhaled(吸入)acertaintypeofairpollutionwhentheywerepregnant.That'sthefindingofanewstudy,releasedwhenthingsaren'tburnedcompletely,thispollutionisknownaspolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsofPAHs.
ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHs:
thebruningoffossilefuels,woodandtrash.FredericaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity'sMailmanSchoolofpublicHealthisNeYorkCity.Sheandherteamstudiedthexposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregantwomeninNewYorkCity.
Becauseburningtobaccocanspew(排放)PAHsintotheairandlungs.Perera'steamfocusedonnonsmokers.
Theresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthosechildren,nowage9.Theyaskedeachchild'smotheraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwahteverherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained(长期的)mentaleffort,suchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.
Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefollowinginstructionsormadegrequent,carelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesumptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDeficitHyperactivietyDisorder,orADHD.AboutoneinU.S.childrenhasADHD.Amongthewomenstueiedtrafficandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutionexposure.Pereraandherteamsuspect.
SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirbolld.Othershadghighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavedhilrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.ThenewfindingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE.
16.PereraandherteamchosenonsmikingpregnantwomenalloverAmerica.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
17.ThemainpurposeoftheresearchwastofindouthowexposuretoPAHsplayedaroleinharmingthesubjects'physicalhealth.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
18.NonsmokingmotherswereselectedbecausetheeffectofsmokingonPAHswasunclear.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
19.Thebloodofeachwomanwastestedonceamonthduringpregnancy.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
20.KidswithADHDcommonlyfailinschool.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
21.ThewomenwithhighlevelsofPAHsintheirbloodweremorelikelytohavekidswithADHD.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
22.TrafficandhomeheatingwereconsideredtobethebiggestsourcesofPAHsforthesubjectsintheresearch.
A..Right
B.Wrong
D.Notmentioned
2020年真题
SoMany"Earths"
TheMilkyWay(银行)containsbillionsofEarth-sizedplanetsthatcouldsupportlife.That'sthefindingofnewstudy.ItdrawsondatathatcamefromNASA'stopplanet-huntingtelescope.
AmechanicalfailurerecentlyputthatKepterspacetelescopeoutofservice.Keplerhadplayedabigroleincreatingacensusofplanetsorbitingsome170,000stars.Itsdatehavebeenhelpingastronomerspredicthowcommonplanetsareinourgalaxy.ThetelescopefocusedonhuntingplanetsthatmighthaveconditionssimilartothoseonEarth.
TheauthorsofastudypublishedinTheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesconcludethatbetween14and30outofevery100starswithamassandtemperaturesimilartotheSunmayhostaplanetthatcouldsupportlifeasweknowit.SuchaplanetwouldhaveadiameteratleastaslargeasEarth'sbutnomorethantwicethatbig.Theplanetalsowouldhavetoorbitinastar'shabitablezone.That'swherethesurfacetemperaturewouldallowanywatertoexistasliquid.
Thenewestimateofhowmanyplanetsmightfittheseconditionscomesfromstudyingmorethat42,000starsandidentifyingsuitableworldsorbitingthem.Thescientistsusedthosenumberstoextrapolate(推算)totherestofthestarsthatthetelescopecouldnotsee.
Theestimateisrough,theauthorsadmit.Ifappliedtothesolarsystem,itwoulddefineashabitableazonestartingascloseottheSunasVenusandrunningtoasfarawayasMars.NeitherplanetisEarthlike(althougheithermighthavebeeninthedistantpase).Usingtighterlimitstheresearchersestimatethebetween4and8outofevery100sunlikestarscouldhostanEarth-sizedworld.Theseareonesthatwouldtake200to400daystocompleteayearlyorbit.
Fouroutofevery100sunlikestarsdoesn'tsoundlikeabignumber.ItwouldmeanhoweverthattheMilkyWaycouldhostmorethanabillionEarth-sizedplanetswithachanceforlife.
16.TheKeplerspacetelescopehasbeeninservicefor15years.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
17.ThemaintaskoftheKeplerspacetelescopeistofindoutplanetswithsimilarconditionstoEarth's.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
18.Theplanetthatcouldsupportlifemightbealittlebit
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