Growthstageofriceplant水稻生长阶段全英文Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Growthstageofriceplant水稻生长阶段全英文Word文档下载推荐.docx
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ReproductivePhase17
Stage4-Panicleinitiationtobooting17
Stage5-Heading20
Flowering21
RipeningPhase24
Stage7-Milkgrainstage24
Stage8-Doughgrainstage26
Stage9-Maturegrainstage27
Printversion29
Period/Growthphases29
OverviewandObjectives
Thisreferenceguidediscussesthegrowthstagesofthericeplant.TheinformationpresentedisbasedonthedataandcharacteristicsofIR64,amodern,high-yielding,semidwarfvariety,butappliesgenerallytootherricevarieties.
Thisreferenceguidewillenableyouto:
·
recognizethe3basicgrowthphasesofthericeplantandthestagesofdevelopmentineachphase.
identifythegrowthstagesofariceplantaccordingtoa0-9numericalscale.Eachnumberinthescalecorrespondstoaspecificgrowthstage.
explainthespecificphysicalchangesinagrowingriceplant.
Threegrowthphases
Thegrowthofthericeplantisdividedintothreephases:
1.vegetative(germinationtopanicleinitiation);
2.reproductive(panicleinitiationtoflowering);
and
3.ripening(floweringtomaturegrain)
Inthetropics,thereproductivephaseisabout35daysandtheripeningphaseisabout30days.
Thedifferencesingrowthdurationaredeterminedbychangesinthelengthofthevegetativephase.
Forexample,IR64whichmaturesin110dayshasa45-dayvegetativephase,whereasIR8whichmaturesin130dayshasa65-dayvegetativephase.
Growthstages0-9
These3growthphasesconsistofaseriesof10distinctstages.Thesestagesarenumberedanddescribedasfollows:
Stage0isfromgerminationtoemergence:
Stage1iscalledseedling:
Stage2,tillering:
andStage3isstemelongation:
Thesefirst4stagesmakeupthevegetativephase,thefirstphaseofriceplantgrowth.
Stage4ispanicleinitiationtobooting:
Stage5isheadingorpanicleexsertion:
andStage6isflowering:
Stages4,5,and6constitutethereproductivephase,thesecondphaseofricegrowth.
Stage7isthemilkgrainstage:
Stage8,thedoughgrainstage:
andStage9,thematuregrainstage:
Stages7through9correspondtotheripeningphase,thelastphaseinthedevelopmentofthericeplant.
VegetativePhase
Stage0-Germinationtoemergence
Seedsareusuallypregerminatedbysoakingfor24hoursandincubatingforanother24hours.Afterpregerminationtheradicleandplumuleprotrudethroughthehull.
Bythesecondorthirddayafterseedingintheseedbed,thefirstleafbreaksthroughthecoleoptile.
Theendofstage0showstheemergedprimaryleafstillcurledandanelongatedradicle.
Stage1-Seedling
Theseedlingstagestartsrightafteremergenceandlastsuntiljustbeforethefirsttillerappears.Duringthisstage,seminalrootsanduptofiveleavesdevelop.
Astheseedlingcontinuestogrow,twomoreleavesdevelop.Leavescontinuetodevelopattherateof1every3-4daysduringtheearlystage.
Secondaryadventitiousrootsthatformthepermanentfibrousrootsystemrapidlyreplacethetemporaryradicleandseminalroots.
Thisisan18-day-oldseedlingreadyfortransplanting.Theseedlinghas5leavesandarapidlydevelopingrootsystem.
Stage2-Tillering
Thisstageextendsfromtheappearanceofthefirsttilleruntilthemaximumtillernumberisreached.
Tillersemergefromtheaxiliarybudsofthenodesanddisplacetheleafastheygrowanddevelop.
Thisseedlingshowsthepositionofthetwoprimarytillerswithrespecttothemainculmanditsleaves.
Afteremerging,theprimarytillersgiverisetosecondarytillers.Thisoccursabout30daysaftertransplanting.
Theplantisnowincreasinginlengthandtilleringveryactively.Hereisafieldwithplantsattheearlytilleringstage.Notethetillersizeandcanopydevelopmentduetoincreasedleafingandtillerdevelopment.
Besidesnumerousprimaryandsecondarytillers,newtertiarytillersarisefromthesecondarytillersastheplantgrowslongerandlarger.
Bythisstage,thetillershavemultipliedtothepointthatitisdifficulttopickoutthemainstem.Tillerscontinuouslydevelopastheplantentersthenextstagewhichisstemelongation.
Stage3-Stemelongation
Thisstagemaybeginbeforepanicleinitiationoritmayoccurduringthelatterpartofthetilleringstage.Thus,theremaybeanoverlapofstages2and3.
Thetillerscontinuetoincreaseinnumberandheight,withnoappreciablesenescenceofleavesnoticeable.Groundcoverandcanopyformationbythegrowingplantshaveadvanced.
Growthdurationissignificantlyrelatedtostemelongation.Stemelongationismoreinvarietieswithlongergrowthduration.Inthisrespect,ricevarietiescanbecategorizedintotwogroups:
theshort-durationvarietieswhichmaturein105-120daysandthelong-durationvarietieswhichmaturein150days.
Inearly-maturingsemidwarfslikeIR64,thefourthinternodeofthestem,belowthepointwherethepanicleemerges,elongatesonlyfrom2to4cmbeforepanicleinitiationbecomesvisible.Thisslideshowsstemswhichhavebeendissectedtoshowthelengthofthefourthinternodeatthepanicleinitiationstage.
Maximumtillering,stemelongation,andpanicleinitiationoccuralmostsimultaneouslyinshort-durationvarieties(105-120days).
Inlong-durationvarieties(150days),thereisaso-calledlagvegetativeperiodduringwhichmaximumtilleringoccurs.Thisisfollowedbystemorinternodeelongation,andfinallybypanicleinitiation.
ReproductivePhase
Stage4-Panicleinitiationtobooting
Theinitiationofthepanicleprimordiumatthetipofthegrowingshootmarksthestartofthereproductivephase.Thepanicleprimordiumbecomesvisibletothenakedeyeabout10daysafterinitiation.Atthisstage,3leaveswillstillemergebeforethepaniclefinallyemerges.
Inshort-durationvarieties,thepaniclebecomesvisibleasawhitefeatherycone1.0-1.5mmlong.Itoccursfirstinthemainculmandthenintillerswhereitemergesinunevenpattern.Itcanbeseenbydissectingthestem.
Asthepaniclecontinuestodevelop,thespikeletsbecomedistinguishable.
Theyoungpanicleincreasesinsizeanditsupwardextensioninsidetheflagleafsheathcausestheleafsheathtbulge.Thisbulgingoftheflagleafsheathiscalledbooting.
Bootingismostlikelytooccurfirstinthemainculm.
Atbooting,senescence(aginganddying)ofleavesandnonbearingtillersarenoticeableatthebaseoftheplant.
Stage5-Heading
Alsoknownasthepanicleexsertionstage.Headingismarkedbytheemergenceofthepanicletipfromtheflagleafsheath.Thepaniclecontinuestoemergeuntilitpartiallyorcompletelyprotrudesfromthesheath.
Flowering
Stage6iscalledflowering.Itbeginswhenanthersprotrudefromthespikeletandthenfertilizationtakesplace.
Atflowering,thefloretsopen,theanthersprotrudefromtheflowerglumesbecauseofstamenelongation,andthepollenisshed.Thefloretsthenclose.
Thepollenfallsonthepistil,therebyfertilizingtheegg.Thepistilisthefeatherystructurethroughwhichthepollentubeofthegerminatingpollen(round,darkstructuresinthisillustration)willextendintotheovary.
Thefloweringprocesscontinuesuntilmostofthespikeletsinthepanicleareinbloom.Fromlefttoright,thisframeshowsanthesisorfloweringatthetopofthepanicle,1stdayafterheading;
anthesisatthemiddleofthepanicle,2nddayafterheading;
anthesisatthelowerthirdofthepanicle,3rddayafterheading.
Floweringoccursadayafterheading.Generally,thefloretsopeninthemorning.Ittakesabout7daysforallspikeletsinapanicletoopen.Atflowering,3-5leavesarestillactive.
Thetillersofthisriceplanthavebeenseparatedatthestartoffloweringandgroupedintobearingandnonbearingtillers.
RipeningPhase
Stage7-Milkgrainstage
Thelast3stagesofgrowth,stages7,8,and9comprisetheripeningphase.
Stage7.Milkgrainstage
Inthisstage,thegrainhasbeguntofillwithamilkymaterial.
Thegrainstartstofillwithawhite,milkyliquid,whichcanbesqueezedoutbypressingthegrainbetweenthefingers.
Thepaniclelooksgreenandstartstobend.Senescenceatthebaseofthetillersisprogressing.Theflagleavesandthetwolowerleavesaregreen.
Stage8-Doughgrainstage
Duringthisstage,themilkyportionofthegrainfirstturnsintoasoftdoughandlaterintoaharddough.
Thegrainsinthepaniclebegintochangefromgreentoyellow.Senescenceoftillersandleavesisnoticeable.
Thefieldstartstolookyellowish.Asthepanicleturnsyellow,thelasttworemainingleavesofeachtillerbegintodryatthetips.
Stage9-Maturegrainstage
Theindividualgrainismature,fullydeveloped,hard,andhasturnedyellow.
Thisslideshowsriceplantsatthematuregrainstage.Ninetytoonehundredpercentofthefilledgrainshaveturnedyellowandhard.
Theupperleavesarenowdryingrapidlyalthoughtheleavesofsomevarietiesremaingreen.Aconsiderableamountofdeadleavesaccumulateatthebaseoftheplant.
Printversion
Themanual
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- Growthstageofriceplant 水稻 生长 阶段 英文
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