美国文学史与及选读期末复习题Word文档下载推荐.docx
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美国文学史与及选读期末复习题Word文档下载推荐.docx
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5.ThomasJeffersondraftedtheDeclarationofIndependencewithJohnAdams,BenjaminFranklin,RogerSherman,andRobertLivingston.
6.PhilipFreneauhasbeencalledthe“FatherofAmericanPoetry”.
7.InWashingtonIrving’sSketchBookappearedthefirstmodernshortstoriesandthefirstgreatAmericanjuvenileliterature.
8.Cooper’senduringfamerestsonhisfrontierstories,especiallythefivenovelsthatcomprisetheLeatherstockingtales.
9.“ToaWaterfowl”isperhapsthepeakofWilliamCullenBryant’swok.
EdgarAllanPoeisconsidered“fatherofAmericandetectivestoriesandAmericangothicstories”.
10.Emersonbelievedaboveallinindividualism,independenceofmind,andself-reliance.
11.Hawthorne’sstoriestouchthedeepestrootsofman’smoralnature.
12.MobyDickisatremendouschronicleofawhalingvoyageinpursuitofaseeminglysupernaturalwhitewhale.
13.Afterhisdeath,LongfellowbecametheonlyAmericantobehonoredwithabustinthePoet’sCornerofWestminsterAbbey.
14.HarrietBeecherStowe,theauthorofUncleTom’sCabin,hadbecomeanAmericaninstitutionandthemostfamousliterarywomanintheworld.
15.Thenaturalistsemphasizedthattheworldwasamoral,thatmenandwomenhadnofreewill,thattheirliveswerecontrolledbyheredityandtheenvironment.
16.ThepoeticstyleWaltWhitmandevisedisnowcalledfreeverse.
HenryJamesisfamousforhisinternationalthemeofthetraditionlessAmericanconfrontingthecomplexityofEuropeanlife.
17.Writersofthefirstpostwareraself-consciouslyacknowledgedthattheywerea“LostGeneration,”devoidoffaithandalienatedfromacivilization.
18.WiththepublicationofTheSunAlsoRises,HemingwaybecamethespokesmanforwhatGertrudeSteinhadcalled“alostgeneration.”
Terms
1.Transcendentalism
TranscendentalismreferstothereligiousandphilosophicaldoctrinesofRalphWaldoEmersonandothersinNewEnglandinthemiddle1800’s,whichemphasizedtheimportanceofindividualinspirationandintuition,theOversoul,andNature.NewEnglandTranscendentalismistheproductofacombinationofnativeAmericanPuritanismandEuropeanRomanticism.
2.Naturalism
Naturalism,amoredeliberatekindofrealism,usuallyinvolvesaviewofhumanbeingsaspassivevictimsofnaturalforcesandsocialenvironment.Asaliterarymovement,naturalismwasinitiatedinFrance.Naturalfictionaspiredtoasociologicalobjectivity,offeringdetailedandfullyresearchedinvestigationsintounexploredcornersofmodernsociety.ThemostsignificantworkofnaturalisminEnglishbeingDreiser’sSisterCarrie.
TheLostGeneration
ThetermLostGenerationwascoinedbyGertrudeSteintorefertoagroupofAmericanLiterarynotableswholivedinParisfromthetimeperiodwhichsawtheendofWorldWarItothebeginningoftheGreatDepression.SignificantmembersincludedErnestHemingway,F.ScottFitzgerald,EzraPound,andGertrudeSteinherself.Moregenerally,thetermisbeingusedfortheyoungadultsofEuropeandAmericaduringWorldWarI.Theywere“lost”becauseafterthewarmanyofthemweredisillusionedwiththeworldingeneralandunwillingtomoreintoasettledlife
5.Modernism
Modernwritingismarkedbyastrongandconsciousbreakwithtraditionalformsandtechniquesofexpression;
itbelievesthatwecreatetheworldintheactofperceivingit.Modernismimplieshistoricaldiscontinuity,asenseofalienation,ofloss,andofdespair.Itelevatestheindividualandhisinnerbeingoversocialmanandpreferstheunconscioustotheself-conscious.
6.Romanticism
7.Puritanism
TheprinciplesandpracticesofpuritanswerepopularlyknownasPuritanism.PuritanismacceptedthedoctrinesofCalvinism:
thesovereigntyofGod;
thesupremeauthorityoftheBible;
theirresistibilityofGod’swillformanineveryactoflifefromcradletograve.ThesedoctrinesledthePuritanstoexaminetheirsoulstofindwhethertheywereoftheelectandtosearchtheBibletodetermineGod’swill.
8.HemingwayHeroes/CodeHero
Suchaherousuallyisanaveragemanofdecidedlymasculinetastes,sensitiveandintelligent.Andusuallyheisamanofactionandofafewwords.Heissuchanindividualist,aloneevenwhenwithotherpeople,somewhatanoutsiderTheHemingwayheroesstandforawholegeneration.ButHemingwayheroespossessakindof“despairingcourage”Itisthiscouragethatenablesamantobehavelikeaman,toasserthisdignityinfaceofadversity.
Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.
1.WhatarethecharacteristicsoftheColonialLiterature?
Inarealsense,therewerenoliteralworksintheearlycolonialperiod.Theywerejustpersonalliteratureintheformofdiaries,travelbooks,letters,journals,sermons,historiesandprose.
(1)Incontent,theywroteaboutthevoyagetothenewland,aboutadoptingthemselvestounfamiliarclimatesandcrops,aboutdealingwithIndian,andespeciallyaboutreligion.
(2)Inform,Englishtraditionswereimitated.
2.CommentbrieflyonEmilyDickinson’sthemes?
(1)ByfarthelargestportionofDickinson’spoetryconcernsdeathandimmortality,themewhichlieatthecentreofDickinson’sworld.
(2)Dickinson’snaturepoemsarealsogreatinnumberandrichinmatter.Naturalphenomena,changesofseasons,heavenlybodies,animals,birdsandinsects,flowersofvariouskinds,andmanyothersubjectsrelatedtonaturefindherwayintoherpoetry.
(3)Dickinsonalsowrotesomepoemsaboutlove.Likeherdeathandnaturepoems,herlovepoemswereoriginal.
(4)Besidesdeathsandimmortality,natureandlove,Dickinson’spoemsareconcernedaboutethics,withrespecttowhich,sheemphasizesfreewillandhumanresponsibility.
4HenryJamesisagreatrealisticwriter.Nametwoofhismajorworks.Doyouknowanythingabouthisnarrative“pointofview”?
Whatisitfor?
HowdoesJamesemployitinhisworks?
Brieflydiscussthisquestion.
(1)HenryJames’smajorworksincludeDaisyMillerandThePortraitofALady,etc.
(2)OneofHenryJamesliterarytechniquesishisnarrative“pointofview.”Astheauthor,Jamesavoidstheauthorialomniscienceasmuchaspossibleandmakeshischaractersrevealthemselveswithhisminimalintervention.Soitisoftenthecasethatinhisnovelsweusuallylearnthemainstorybyreadingthroughoneorseveralmindsandsharetheirperspectives.Thisnarrativemethodprovestobesuccessfulinbringingouthisthemes.
5.TellthedifferencesbetweenEmilyDickinsonandWaltWhitman
(1)EmilyDickinsonexpressestheinnerlifeofindividuals,whileWaltWhitmankeepshiseyesonthesocietyatlarge.
(2)EmilyDickinsonis“regional”,whileWaltWhitmanis“national”inhisoutlook.
(3)Formally,EmilyDickinsonusesconcise,simpledictionsandsyntax,whileWaltWhitmanusesendless,all-inclusivecatalogs.
8.BrieflydiscusstheJazzAge
“TheJazzAge”describestheperiodtheperiodofthe1920sand1930s,theyearsbetweenWorldWarIandWorldWarII,particularlyinNorthAmerica;
withtheriseoftheGreatDepression,thevaluesofthisagesawmuchdecline.PerhapsthemostrepresentativeliteraryworkoftheageisAmericanwriterF.ScottFitzgerald’sTheGreatGatsby,highlightingwhatsomedescribeasthedecadenceandhedonism,aswellasthegrowthofindividualism.Fitzgeraldislargelycreditedwithcoiningtheterm“TheJazzAge”.Itcanalsobeknownas“TheRoaringTwenties”and“TheDollarDecade.”
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