高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目附答案50Word文档格式.docx
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高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目附答案50Word文档格式.docx
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TheRemoveDEBRISsatellitewillconductafewmoreexperimentsinthecomingmonths,includingtestingnavigationfeaturesthatcouldhelpguidethesatellitetoaspecificpieceofdebris.
JonathanMcDowell,anastrophysicistattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,saidthesuccessofthisweek'
sexperimentwasexciting,buthecautionedagainst"
over-publicizing"
it.
Therearestillenormousbarrierstoclearbeforeoperationalcleanuptasksareunderway,hesaid,andthemostdiscouragingisfiguringouthowtofundsuchprojects.
Aglietti,theSurreyprofessorwhohelpedleadtheRemoveDEBRISproject,said"
Thechallengewilllieinpersuadingtherelevantauthoritiestosponsorthesetasks."
AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.
(1)WhatistheuseoftheRemoveDEBRISsatellite?
A.
Demonstratingspacetechnology.
B.
Imitatingadevelopingtechnique.
C.
Collectingwastesexistinginspace.
D.
Symbolizinggreatprogressinspace.
(2)HowdoestheRemoveDEBRlSsatellitework?
Bythrowinganettotakethejunkfromorbit.
Byfasteningittothemainsatellitetightly.
Bydraggingsatellitesupto10meterslong.
Bytargetinglargepiecesofjunkcarefully.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"
sponsor"
inthelastparagraphprobablymean?
Accomplish.
Support.
Oppose.
Provide.
(4)What'
sthebesttitleforthetext?
TheRemoveDEBRISProjectIsPerfect
HowRemoveDEBRISIsInventedintheLab
WhytheRemoveDEBRISSatelliteIsInvented
SatelliteCollectsSpaceJunkfortheFirstTime
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了“卫星首次收集太空垃圾。
”一种名为“清除碎片”的实验清理设备成功地在一颗虚拟卫星周围撒网,模仿一种有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技术。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中“...,imitatingatechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.”模仿一种有一天可以收集太空垃圾的技术。
可知,theRemoveDEBRIS卫星的用途是收集太空中存在的废物。
故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第六段中的“...,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRlStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meterslong.“该公司表示,一种操作性版本的RemoveDEBRlS技术将会在主卫星上撒网,这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。
它可以瞄准大块的垃圾,包括长达10米的报废卫星。
”可知,RemoveDEBRlS卫星是通过撒网把垃圾带离轨道。
故选A。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据最后一段中的”AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.“Aglietti说,他希望清理碎片的工作每年能进行几次,目标是最拥挤轨道上最大的垃圾碎片。
可知,“挑战在于说服有关当局赞助这些任务。
”可知,划线词的意思是“支持”。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第二段中的”Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:
junkinspace.“专家告诉CNN,本周进行的这次测试被广泛认为是太空清洁技术的首次成功演示。
它象征着解决太空垃圾这一关键问题的第一步。
可知,本文主题是“卫星首次收集太空垃圾”。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断,词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:
Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?
Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?
Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe"
outofsight,outofmind"
principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.
Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?
Notnecessarily.Researchersdon'
tbelievethatone'
swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.
Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.
Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.
Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear'
sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don'
ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you'
llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'
trequiremakingdecisionsatall.
(1)Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat________.
peoplehaveunlimitedself-control
highmotivationensuresone'
ssuccess
willpowerishardlycompletelyexhausted
toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure
(2)Theunderlinedphrase"
tapinto"
inParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.
makeuseof
runoutof
build
increase
(3)Theauthorcomparesself—controltomuscles________.
toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpower
toshowthesignificanceofregularexercise
toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedup
toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control
(4)Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?
"
Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise."
Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester."
IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."
Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation."
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点,作者认为有了明确的目标,良好的自我监督和练习,就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。
根据第三段中的“Researchersdon'
swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.”可知,研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽,他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。
所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的"
Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown."
可知,正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备,即使我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽,我们仍然可以继续前进。
所以通过上下文的语境,判断出"
指利用,与makeuseof同义。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.”可知,虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪,但长期而言,它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。
同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。
两者相比是为了说明同一个道理:
长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。
所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,you'
trequiremakingdecisionsatall.”可知,作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。
一旦养成好习惯,你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。
最终健康的习惯将成为惯例,而且不需要做任何决定。
所以C项"
是先设立目标,然后成为好习惯,作者更喜欢这种目标。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Whenhewasyoung,LouisArmstrongwastakingwhatwascalled“Creolejazz”,whichwasalsocalleddancemusic,andcombiningitwithtrumpeter(小号手)BuddyBolden,tocreatewhatwouldeventuallybecometoday'
sjazz.
Armstrongaccomplishedthatwithalmostnoformaltraining.HereceivedlittletrainingbeforehewasplacedintheNewOrleansColoredWaif'
sHomeattheageof12,afterarun-in(小争执)withthepolice.Thepunishmentturnedouttobeamixedblessing,forhealsohadtheopportunitytoplayinarealband.
WhileattheWaif'
s,Armstrongalsogotthechancetohearsomeofthecity'
sfinestmusicians.CornetistFred
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