模考综合写作部分文本Word文档下载推荐.docx
- 文档编号:22245302
- 上传时间:2023-02-03
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:16
- 大小:28.04KB
模考综合写作部分文本Word文档下载推荐.docx
《模考综合写作部分文本Word文档下载推荐.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《模考综合写作部分文本Word文档下载推荐.docx(16页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Youhave20minutestoplan,write,andreviseyourresponsetoareadingpassageandalectureonthesametopic.First,readthepassageandtakenotes.Then,listentothelectureandtakenotes.Finally,writeyourresponsetothewritingquestion.Typically,agoodresponsewillrequirethatyouwrite150-225words.
文本
Test1
Historically,schoolsintheUnitedStateshaveborrowedtheEuropeansystemofschoolorganization,asystemthatseparatesstudentsintogradesbychronologicalage.Ingeneral,childrenbeginformalschoolingattheageofsixinwhatisreferredtoasthefirstgrade.Forthemostpart,studentsprogressthroughtwelvegrades;
however,somestudentswhodonotmeetminimumrequirementsforaparticulargrademaybeaskedtorepeattheyear.
Gradedschoolsaredividedintoprimarygrades,intermediategrades,andsecondarygrades.Primaryeducationincludesgrades1through5or6,andmayalsoprovidekindergartenasapreparationforfirstgrade.Referredtoaselementaryschool,thesegradesareusuallytaughtbyoneteacherinaself-containedclassroom.Intermediategradesbeginwithgrade6or7andofferthreeyearsofinstruction.Atthislevel,teamsofteachersmaycollaboratetoprovidesubject-basedclassessimilartothoseofferedinhighschool.Viewedasapreparationforhighschool,intermediateeducationisknownasjuniorhighschool.Atgrade9or10,secondaryschoolbegins.Classestaughtbysubjectspecialistsusuallylastaboutfiftyminutestoallowastudenttenminutestomovetothenextclassbeforeitbeginsatthetopofthehour.Attheendoftwelvesuccessfulgradesofinstruction,studentsareeligibleforasecondaryschooldiploma,morecommonlycalledahighschooldiploma.
Question:
Summarizethemainpointsinthelecture,explaininghowtheycastdoubtontheideasinthereadingpassage.
Test2
Docomputersthink?
Itisn’tanewquestion.Infact,AlanTuring,aBritishmathematician,proposedanexperimenttoanswerthequestionin1950,andthetest,knownastheTuringTest,isstillusedtoday.Intheexperiment,agroupofpeopleareaskedtointeractwithsomethinginanotherroomthroughacomputerterminal.Theydon’tknowwhetheritisanotherpersonoracomputerthattheyareinteractingwith.Theycanaskanyquestionsthattheywant.Theycantypetheirquestionsontoacomputerscreen,ortheycanasktheirquestionsbyspeakingintoamicrophone.Inresponse,theyseetheanswersonacomputerscreenortheyhearthemplayedbackbyavoicesynthesizer.Attheendofthetest,thepeoplehavetodecidewhethertheyhavebeentalkingtoapersonortoacomputer.Iftheyjudgethecomputertobeaperson,oriftheycan’tdeterminethedifference,thenthemachinehaspassedtheTuringTest.
Since1950,anumberofcontestshavebeenorganizedinwhichmachinesarechallengedtotheTuringTest.In1990,HughLoebnersponsoredaprizetobeawardedbytheCambridgeCenterforBehavioralStudies-agoldmedalandacashawardof$100,000tothedesignerofthecomputerthatcouldpasstheTuringTest;
however,sofar,nocomputerhaspassedthetest.
Summarizethemainpointsinthereadingpassage,andthenexplainhowthelecturecastsdoubtontheideasinthereading.
Test3
ThedesignfortheSydneyOperaHousewasselectedfromentriesinaninternationalcompetitionheldin1956.Frommorethan230designssubmittedbymajorarchitecturalfirmsworldwide,thecommitteeselectedadramaticconceptbyJornUtzon,aDanisharchitectwhowasvirtuallyunknownoutsideofDenmark.Hedescribedhisworkasmorelikeasculpturethanabuildingbecauseitappearedtochangeshapedependingonthedirectionfromwhichitwasviewed.Hewasalsoverycommittedtoorganicprinciples,whichdictatedthatthestructuremustfitinwiththeenvironment.SituatedinBennelongPoint,apromontorythatstretchesintotheharbor,Utzondraftedthecurvedroofsoftheoperahousetolooklikeasailingshipatfullsailonthewater.
Clearly,theroofisthemostrevolutionarypartofthedesign,whichwassofaraheadofthecapabilitiesofengineeringatthetimethatUtzonhadtospendseveralyearsreworkingthedetailsfortheconstructionoftheroofsailsinordertohelptheengineerssolvetheproblemsassociatedwithactuallybuildingthem.Forexample,stabilizingtheshellsthatrosealmost200feethighpresentedaseriouschallenge.Prestressedconcretewasverynewinbuildingconstructionatthetimethatitwasusedtomaketheribbedshellsfortheroof.Inaddition,computertechnologywasjustcatchingupwiththecomplexstructuralcalculationsandmodelsthatthearchitectneededforhisvisiontoberealized.
By1966,adecadeafterthedesignwaschosen,theoperahousewasnotevennearcompletion.Itwasoverbudget,therewereproblemswiththeengineersandthecontractors,andthefateofthestructurewastheobjectofpoliticaldebate;
JornUtzonresignedfromtheproject.Eventuallycompletedbyothers,bythetimethatitopenedin1973,ithadbeenunderconstructionfor17years.Theroofalonehadrequiredalmost2200precastconcretesections,someofwhichweighed15tons,heldtogetherby220milesoftensionedsteelcableandcoveredbymorethanamillionwhiteglazedceramictiles.
Referringtothemainpointsinthereading,describetheSydneyOperaHouse.Then,usinginformationfromboththereadingandthelecture,explainwhytheprofessorclassifiesthebuildingasunique.
Test4
Thejetstreamisanirregularbandofwindthatoccursinhighaltitudesatabout20,000feet,thatis,between6and9milesabovethesurfaceoftheEarth.Consequently,thejetstreamwandersnearthetopoftheEarth’stroposphere,and,coincidentally,thatisexactlywheremostoftheEarth’sweatherpatternsoccur.Itishelpfultothinkofthejetstreamlikeariverofairthatoccursatseveraldifferentlocations,butingeneralflowsfromwesttoeastoverthemiddlelatitudes.Technically,tobecalledajetstream,thewindsshouldbemovingfasterthan57milesanhour,butitcanhaveaveragecorespeedsof190milesperhour,andinthewinter,whenthejetstreamisstrongest,windshavebeenclockedat300milesanhour.Forthemostpart,thewindsarestrongerinthewinterbecauseduringthewintermonthsthesurfacetemperaturecontrastsmorewiththetemperatureinthetroposphere.Toputthatanotherway,thegreaterthecontrastinthetemperatureoftheEarthandtheatmosphere,thestrongerthejetstreamwindswillblow.
Ingeneral,therearetwojetstreamsbetweentheequatorandtheNorthPole.ThesubtropicaljetstreamtendstohoveraroundthesouthernborderofthecontinentalUnitedStates,whereasthepolarjetstreamblowsoverIdahoandMontana.TheconditionthatcausesthesetwostreamsisthedifferenceinthetemperaturebetweenthetropicandthearcticregionsoftheEarth,whichtendstoconcentrateinsmallzonescalledfronts.Itisalongthesefrontsthatstormstendtodevelop.Thejetstreamsblowthestormsalongtheirpath.Whenthejetstreamisoveranarea,strongstormsmaymoveintoit,butwhenthejetstreamhasdippedoutofthearea,calm,dryweatherwillprobablybeforecast.
Describejetstreamsbyusingtheinformationinthereading,andprovideexamplesofthewaythattheyaffectairtravelbydrawingonthematerialthatyouheardinthelecture.
Test5
Accordingtothemostrecentresearchonparenting,caretakerstendtousethreestrategiesfordiscipliningchildren.Powerincludestheuseofphysicalpunishmentsuchasaspankingorthethreatofphysicalpunishment,butparentscanalsodemonstratepowerbytakingawayaprivilegesuchasusingthecar,attendingasportingevent,or,inthecaseofaveryyoungchild,playingwithafavoritetoy.Inspiteofthefactthatpowerstrategies,especiallyseverephysicalpunishment,cancausechildrentofearorevenhateparents,it’ssurprisingthatpowerremainsthestrategyusedmostoftenindiscipliningchildren.It’salsoworthnotingthatchildrenwhoareharshlydisciplinedinthiswaytendtobehostile,defiant,andaggressivesocially.Secondinpopularityafterpoweristhewithholdingofaffection.Thiscantaketheformofrefusaltocommunicatewithachild,threateningtoabandonorrejectthechild,orotherwisetreatingchildrenasthoughtheywereunworthyoflove.Interestingenough,childrendisciplinedinthiswayappearonthesurfacetobeveryself-disciplined,evenmodelchildrenwhoareseldomintrouble,butunderneath,thesesamechildrenaregenerallyverynervous,insecure,anddependentonotherstoapproveofandguidetheirevaluationofbehavior.Finally,managementtechniquesareemployedfordiscipline.Thesebeginwithasetofrulesthatareclearlyexpressedatanage-appropriatelevel.Toenforcetherules,parentsuseacombinationofpraiseandapprovalwithexplanationandreasoning,alwaysreferringbacktotherules.
Butregardlessofthestrategy,thebehaviorthathasprecipitatedpunishmentshouldbeclearlyunderstood,andtheconsequencesshouldbeconsistent.Keytoanykindofdisciplineisapatternofconsistencysothatchildrenunderstandtherelationshipbetweentherules,theirbehavior,andtheconsequences.
Referringtothemainpointsinthelecture,summarizetheprofessor’sviewsoneffectivedisciplineandcontrastthemwiththeoptionsthatparentstendtouse,asoutlinedinthereadingpassage.
Test6
TheoriginoflifewashighlyspeculativeuntilagraduatestudentattheUniversityofChicago,StanleyMillerdesignedandconductedanempiricalresearchprojectundertheguidanceofhisgraduateadvisor,HaroldUrey.Int
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 综合 写作 部分 文本