塑料的性能外文文献翻译中英文翻译Word文档格式.docx
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塑料的性能外文文献翻译中英文翻译Word文档格式.docx
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polymerized.The
“poly”
refers
to
“many”
building
block
or
monomers,
join
form
molecule.Frequently,
term
“resin”
used,
interchangeably
with
“polymer”
describe
backbone
molecule
material.
However,
sometimes
syrupy
liquid
ofboth
natural
and
synthetic
resin.
Plastics,
in
finished
form,
are
seldom
comprised
exclusively
polymer
but
also
include
other
ingredients
such
as
fillers,
pigments,
stabilizers,
processing
aids.
material
molding
compound
always
takenfrom
designation.
Broadly
speaking
plastics
may
be
divided
into
two
categories:
thermoplastics
thermoset
plastics.
classes
materials
areso
named
because
effect
temperature
on
their
properties.
2.2.1Thermosets
Thermoset
polymers
relatively
useless
intheir
raw
states.
Upon
heating
certain
temperatureaa
chemical
reaction
takes
place
causes
bond
togetheror
cross-link.
After
vulcanization
curing,the
remains
stable
cannot
return
original
state.
Thus,
â
”œthermo-setâ
”?
identifies
those
become
set
useable
state
resulting
addition
heat.
Normally,
mixed
fillers
reinforcing
agents
obtain
properties
compound.
Thermosets
hardest
stiffest
all
plastics,
chemically
insoluble
after
curing,
less
affected
changes
than
heat-sensitive
thermoplastics.
closest
non-plastic
counterparts
thermosets
ceramics.
Common
examples
are:
phenolics,
melamine,
urea,
alkyds,
epoxies.
Molding
compounds
madefrom
these
polymeric
resins
contain
additional
optimum
properties.
2.2.2Thermoplastics
Thermoplastic
solids
at
room
temperature,like
most
metals.
heating,
begin
soften
eventually
reach
melting
point
liquid.
Allowing
thermoplastic
cool
below
resolidification
freezing
plastic.
Successive
cooling
cycles
cause
repetition
melting-freezing
cycle
just
it
does
for
metals.
fact
melt
basis
parts.
Thermoplastics
processed
any
method
softening
Examples
fabrication
techniques
using
injection
molding,
extrusion,
rotational
casting,
calendering.
Fabrication
methods
take
advantage
thermoforming
(vacuum
pressure),
blow
forging.
Of
course,
normal
metal-cutting
can
applied
solid
polyethylene,
polystyrene,
polyvinyl
chloride
(PVC),
nylon
(polyamide).
2.2.3Fillers
Plastics
often
added
fillers.
Fillers
employed
increase
bulk
help
impart
desired
properties.
containing
will
cure
faster
hold
closer
established
dimensions,
since
shrinkage
reduced.
Wood
flour
general-purpose
commonly
filler.
Cotton
frock,
produced
cotton
linters,
increases
mechanical
strength.
For
higher
strength
resistance
toimpact,
cloth
chopped
sections
about
1/2-inch
square
Asbestos
fiber
filler
increased
heat
fire
resistance,
mica
parts
superior
dielectric
characteristics.
Glass
fibers,
silicon,
cellulose,
clay,
nutshell
mayalso
used.
Nutshell
instead
wood
where
better
finish
desired.
Plastic
short
result
lower
costs,
while
long
having
greater
impact
strengths
more
expensive.
Other
materials,
not
defined
dyes,
lubricants,
accelerators,
plasticizers
added.
Plasticizers
improve
moldability
Filler
modifying
before
molded
formed.
2.2.4Properties
Plastics
1.General
Properties
problem
selecting
findingthe
suitable
standpoint
intended
service,
forming
fabricating,
cost.
New
improved
possessing
almost
characteristic
being
introduced
continually.
There
do
require
have
flexibility
under
temperatures,
temperatures.
Some
resist
water,
acids,
oils,
destructive
matter.
wide
use
testifies
value;
however,
fundamental
limitations
should
considered
when
applying
new
adapting
an
old
applications.
2.Effects
Temperature
inclined
toward
rigidity
brittleness
low
softness
They
fundamentally
unstable
dimensionally
respect
temperature,
susceptible
distortion
flow
subjected
elevated
particularly
susceptible,
thermosetting
much
resistant,
differing,
only
degree.
distinction
between
thermal
stability
well
defined.
A
true
drawn
individual
rather
High
temperatures
seriously
reduce
accelerate
action
external
they
sensitive.
Continuous
induce
heavily
plasticized
volatilization
plasticizers.
one
contact
dissimilar
proposed
application
checked
first
light
possible
”œmigration
plasticizerâ
”,
discoloration
hardening
plastics.
In
general,
moderate
required
storage
over
periods;
avoided
low-temperature
rapid
loss
properties,
plasticizers,
susceptibility
large
number
distortion.
few
exceptions,
extremely
sensitive
effects
water.
High-
humidity
atmospheres
water
absorption
varied
effects,
depending
upon
composition
formulation
Increased
content
plasticizes
some
there
general
lowering
Water
responsible
swelling
ultimate
decomposition
few.
Moist
wet
extract
provide
conditions
favorable
fungal
growth.
recent
years,
come
first-class
moisture
indefinitely
resisting
influences
same
time.
Extremely
dry
environments
normally
contributes
totheir
plasticity.
Cyclic
continuous
exposure
constant
stresses
induced
shrinking
emission.
Relatively
constant,
humidities
preferred
adverse
structure
possibility
plasticizer
extraction
attack
moist
atmospheres
3.Effects
Light
Prolonged
sunlight
affect
adversely
exception
tetrafluoroethylene
(Teflon).
change
ultraviolet
components
vary
kind
severity
slight
yellowing
complete
disintegration
degradation
Loss
strength,
reduced
ductility,
fragility
usually
accompany
action.
Many
offered
special
formulations
“ultraviolet
inhibitors”
utilized
this
influence
present.
Exposure
during
avoided,
especially
transparency
clear
preserved.
4.Weight
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