5精讲精练介词+关系词引导的定语从句.docx
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5精讲精练介词+关系词引导的定语从句.docx
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5精讲精练介词+关系词引导的定语从句
定语从句精讲精练——介词+关系代词引导
的定语从句
第一部分精讲——介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
【知识点1】
直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom,构成介词+which(指物);介词+whom(指人)两种结构。
【例】Themantowhomyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.
【例】Theserviceaboutwhichthestudentscomplainalotshouldbeimproved.
【例】HeisalibraryassistantfromwhomIborrowedsomebooks.
【例】Itisafamousschoolfromwhichhegraduated3yearsago.
【例】Thechaironwhichheissittingnowismadeofwood.
【知识点2】
直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略,但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时,可省。
【例】Theman(who/that/whom)youtalktojustnowisafamousrunner.
【例】Theservice(which/that)thestudentscomplainaboutalotshouldbeimproved.
【例】Heisalibraryassistant(whom/that/who)Iborrowedsomebooksfrom.
【例】Itisafamousschool(which/that)hegraduatedfrom3yearsago.
【例】Thechair(which/that)heissittingonnowismadeofwood.
【知识点3】
关系副词when,where,why可以相应地转化为:
介词+which结构。
【例】ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
=ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.
【例】Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?
=Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?
【例】Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhesaidso.
=Idon’tknowthereasonforwhichhesaidso.
【知识点4】
有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配,不可以拆开,一般还是放在动语之后,不提前:
【例】Heisthestudent(who/whom/that)theteachersarelookingfor.
【例】Thenumberofthechildren(who/whom/that)shetakescareofis30.
【知识点5】
注意复杂介词短语+which或whom引导的定语从句,是高考考查热点。
【例】Theyfinallyclimbedupthemountain,ontopofwhichmanystrangebirdswereseen.
【例】Lookatthephoto.ThisisMr.Green,infrontofwhomsitthreestudents.
【知识点6】
不定代词+of+which/whom引导的定语从句可化为of+which/whom+不定代词结构;这也是高考常考点。
其中用到的不定代词有some,any,none,both,all,many,afew,few,alittle,little,either,neither,one,等等。
【例】Thereare40studentsinourclass,mostofwhom(=ofwhommost)likeEnglish.
【例】ThesearebookswrittenbyMarkTwain,oneofwhich(=ofwhichone)wasreadtomebymyfather
【例】Shehastwosons,neitherofwhom(=ofwhomneither)isateacher.
【例】Shehasmanybooks,noneofwhich(=ofwhichnone)isinteresting.
【知识点7】
关系代词whose+名词引导的定语从句可转化为the+名词+of+which/whom或of+which/whom+the+名词结构;of表所属关系。
【例】Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsareallbroken.
=Iliveinaroomofwhichthewindowsareallbroken.
=Iliveinaroomthewindowsofwhichareallbroken.
【例】Thisismyteacherwhosehandwritingisexcellent.
=Thisismyteacherthehandwritingofwhomisexcellent.
=Thisismyteacherofwhomthehandwritingisexcellent.
【知识点8】
由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,当主从句主语一致时,定语从句可缩略为:
介词+which/whom+todo结构。
【例】IhaveasmallroominwhichIlivein.
=Ihaveasmallroominwhichtolive.
=Ihaveasmallroomtolivein.
【例】Hehasagoodfriendtowhomhecanturnforhelp.
=Hehasagoodfriendtowhomtoturnforhelp.
=Hehasagoodfriendtoturntoforhelp.
【知识点9】
介词后不一定只能接关系代词,可能会接关系副词,主要取决于介词及句子意思。
【例】HeusedtoliveinLondon,fromwherehecamefrom.
【例】HegraduatedfromBeijingUniversityin1988,sincewhenhehasimprovedhimselfinallaspects.
【知识点10】
如何确定关系代词前的介词:
将定语从句还原:
构成两个搭配,即从句谓语部分与介词的适当搭配;介词与先行词的正确搭配。
【例】Thepicture______whichhepaid$100wasonceownedbyaking.
【析】定语从句谓语是paysomemoney;先行词为thepicture;还原句子即:
Hepaid$100____thepicture.在本句中填上合适介词;构成短语:
paysomemoneyforsomething。
【例】ThisisTomSawyer,______whomhisteacherisproud.
【析】还原:
Histeacherisproud___TomSawyer.构成短语:
beproudof。
【例】Canyouthinkofasituation__in__whichthiswordcanbeused?
【例】I’mgratefultohimforthatadvice,__to__whichIowedallmysuccess.
第二部分精练——介词+关系词专项练习
选择
1.Onhis10thbirthday.Martymanagestoescapefromthezooandgetsontothesubway,_____hebelievesthathecangotothewild.
A.which B.fromwhatC.throughwhich D.that
2.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes________peoplewereeatenbythetiger.
A.that B.bywhichC.which D.inwhich
3.Iamgratefultohimforthatadvice,_______Ioweallmysuccess.
A.whichB.thatC.towhichD.bywhich
4.Thefarmersusewoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrainsalltheyeararound.
A.withwhichB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
5.—CanyoutellmewherePeterlives?
—Overthere.Thetwostoreyhouse,_____thereisagarden.
A.nearit B.fromwhichC.infrontofit D.infrontofwhich
6.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?
—Thereisnooneelse_______,isthere?
A.whototurnto B.shecanturnto
C.forwhomtoturn D.forhertoturn
7.Isthereagasstationaround______Icangetsomepetrol?
A.which B.whatC.where D.that
8.ThebiggesthobbyinAmerican,theoneAmericansspendmosttime,energyandmoney,isgardening.
A.thatB.whichC.onwhichD./
9.Newtoninventedanewkindoftelescopemirrorsinsteadoflenses.
A.whichusedB.inwhi
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