Element 03 BOD Guidelines130706Word格式.docx

Element 03 BOD Guidelines130706Word格式.docx

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3.1HAZARDIDENTIFICATIONANDRISKASSESSMENT

3.2SIGNIFICANTTASKIDENTIFICATIONANDANALYSIS

3.3MANAGEMENTOFCHANGE

3.4OPERATIONALCONTROL

FUNCTIONALDEFINITIONS:

HAZARD–Sourceorsituationwithapotentialforharm.

HAZARDIDENTIFICATION–Processforrecognizingthatahazardexistsanddefiningitscharacteristics.

RISK–Combinationofthelikelihoodandconsequence（s）ofaspecifiedhazardouseventoccurring.

RISKASSESSMENT–Overallprocessofestimatingthemagnitudeofriskanddecidingwhetherornottheriskistolerable.

RISKCONTROL–Selectionandapplicationofsuitablemeasurestoreducerisk.

ENVIRONMENT-Surroundingsinwhichtheorganizationoperatesincludingair,water,land,naturalresources,flora,fauna,humans,andtheirinterrelation.

ENVIRONMENTALASPECTS-Anyelementoftheorganizationsactivities,products,orservices,whichcaninteractwiththeenvironment.

ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS-Anychangetotheenvironmentasaresultoftheorganization’sactivities,products,orservices.Impactscanbeeitherharmfulorbeneficial.

TASK-Asegmentofanoperationoroperatingprocess.Whentasksarecombinedtheyaccomplishaspecificworkgoal.

TASKOBSERVATION-Aformalobservationofanemployeeperformingatask.Therearetwotypesofformaltaskobservations:

Complete,whichobservestheentiretaskbeingperformed;

andPartial,whichobservesapartofataskbeingperformed.

POTENTIALLOSS–AsituationwiththepotentialforharmtoPeople,Equipment,Material,Property,Process,ortheEnvironment.

Loss-HarmtoPeople,Equipment,Material,Property,Process,ortheEnvironment.

OCCUPATION-Positionswithuniqueresponsibilitiesthatformakeypartofthemaintenanceorproductionprocessesofanorganization.

OPERATION/OPERATINGPROCESS-Acombinationoftasksorworkmethods,whichaccomplishadesiredworkgoal.

SIGNIFICANTTASKS–Aspecificelementofwork,whichhasproducedand/orwhichpossessesthepotentialtoproducemajorlossorharm（topeople,property,processorproduct）whennotproperlyperformed.

SIGNIFICANTOPERATION/OPERATINGPROCESS-Anoperation/operatingprocesswiththepotentialtoproducemajorlossorharm.

SIGNIFICANTRISK–Arisk,whichhasthepotentialtoproduce/resultinaloss,whichexceedsthelossbearingpotentialofthecompany.

WORKINSTRUCTIONS-Adescribedsequenceofactionsneededtocompleteatask.CAP™haschosenthetermworkinstructionoverProceduresinceitisgaininguseintheSHEQarenaandiswidelyusedinQuality.Organizationsshouldfeelfreetouseanytermtheychooseinsteadofworkinstructions,e.g.Procedures,Practices,ManufacturingProcedures,StandardOperatingProcedures,andsoforth,aslongastheymeansimilarthings.

CHANGE-Achangeisanychangeinmethod,organizationalchange,suppliers,spares,andneworalteredfacility,pieceofequipment,materialorprocess.

ProcessChange-Achangetotheoperatingprocess.Thesechangesincludechangestotemperature,pressure,flowrates,butalsochangestothematerialusedintheprocessaswell.

HAZARDOUSWASTE-Anywastethatposesaphysicalorhealthhazard.Thisincludeschemicalsthatmaycauseanacuteorchronichealthproblemaswellascombustibleliquids,compressedgas,andexplosive/flammable/otherunstablechemicals,whichmightcauseharmtopeopleortheenvironment.

3.1HAZARDIDENTIFICATIONANDRISKASSESSMENT

A3.1.1

TheorganizationshouldhaveatotalappreciationofallsignificantSHEQrisksinitsdomain,afterusingtheprocessesofhazardidentification,riskassessmentandriskcontrol.

Thehazardidentification,riskassessmentandriskcontrolprocessesandtheiroutputsshouldbethebasisofthewholeSHEQsystem.Itisimportantthatthelinksbetweenthehazardidentification,riskassessmentandriskcontrolprocessesandtheotherelementsoftheSHEQmanagementsystemareclearlyestablishedandapparent.

Thehazardidentification,riskassessmentandriskcontrolprocessesshouldenabletheorganizationtoidentify,evaluateandcontrolitsSHEQrisksonanongoingbasis.

Inallcases,considerationshouldbegiventonormalandabnormaloperationswithintheorganization,andtopotentialemergencyconditions.Thecomplexityofhazardidentification,riskassessmentandriskcontrolprocessesgreatlydependsonfactorssuchasthesizeoftheorganization,theworkplacesituationswithintheorganization,andthenature,complexityandsignificanceofthehazards.

B3.1.2

Aninitialbaselinerisk/impactassessmentwouldindicatethecurrentstatusoftheorganizationinthemanagementofrisks.Itwouldidentifyshortcomingsandprovideaplatformtoimprovethemanagementsystem.

B3.1.2.1

Thepurposeofhazardidentification,riskcontrolistounderstandthehazardsthatmightariseinthecourseoftheorganizationsactivitiesandtoensurethatanyhazardstopeople,equipmentandstructuresareacceptableandtolerable.Riskassessmentcanalsobeusedtomakeasystematiccomparisonofdifferentriskcontrol/reductionoptions.Itaidstheorganizationtoprioritizeanyresultingactionstoreducerisk.RiskassessmentsarethefoundationforproactiveSHEQmanagement.Nomatterhowsimpleorcomplicatedtheriskassessment,itrequiresasystematicprocesstobeeffective.Thisisalegalrequirementinmanycountries.RiskassessmentisanessentialtoolfororganizationsseekingcontinualimprovementintheirSHEQmanagementsystems.

Therelationshipbetweenenvironmentalaspectsandenvironmentalimpactsisoneofcauseandeffect.Anenvironmentalaspectreferstoanelementofanorganization’sactivity,productorservicewhichcanhaveabeneficialoradverseimpactontheenvironment.Forexample,itcouldinvolveadischarge,anemission,consumptionorreuseofamaterial,ornoise.Anenvironmentalimpactreferstothechangewhichtakesplaceintheenvironmentasaresultoftheaspect.Examplesofimpactsmightincludepollutionorcontaminationofwaterordepletionofanaturalresource.Evaluationstoidentifypotentialenvironmentalimpactsareintendedtobesystematicandthorough.Becauseofthescopeoftheworktobedone,specialeffortmustbemadetokeeptheseassessmentspractical.Identifyingsignificantimpacts/aspectsisamethodtofocustheorganization’sresourcesonthe“criticalfew”issues.Withlimitedresourcesandcompetitionfortheresources,thatdoexist,thisisanimportantactivitytoimplement.

QUALITY:

Riskassessmentshouldbeundertakentoassessthepotentialfor,andtheeffectof,possiblefailuresorfaultsinprocesses.Theresultsshouldbeusedtodefineandimplementpreventiveactionstomitigateidentifiedrisks.

A3.1.3

Specificmethodsforidentifyinghazards/aspectsassociatedwiththeorganization’soperationsrangefrom“team”brainstormingusingchecklists,worksheets,andguidesthroughsophisticatedhazardidentificationandassessmenttechniquessuchas:

∙HAZOP’s,,

∙“WhatIf’s,”

∙SWIFT

∙QuantifiedRiskAssessments（QRA）,

∙Faultmodesandeffectsanalysis,

∙Faulttreeanalysis,

∙Relationshipdiagrams,

∙Simulationtechniques,and

∙Reliabilityprediction.

Itisacceptableandevenencouragedtouseavarietyofhazard/aspectidentificationtechniquestoassesssignificantoperatingprocesses.Thetechniquesusedshouldreflectthebestpracticalmethodsforaccomplishingtheworktobedone.Organizationsoftenuseacombinationofmethodstoconductoperationassessments.Specialeffortshouldbemadetokeepprocessessimpleandeffectiveandavoidbureaucracyandcomplexapproacheswheneverpossible.

B3.1.4

Riskassessmentsshouldbecarriedoutbycompetentpeoplewithpracticalknowledgeoftheworkactivities.Theidealmethodistoassignateamtocoordinatetheassessments.Trainingshouldbegiventoteammembers.Theteamcompositionshouldbetakenfroma“verticalslice”oftheareabeingassessed.Aspecialistfacilitatormightberequiredforsomeassessments.

C3.1.4.1

Ateamapproachforconductinghazardidentificationandriskassessmentshelpsensureahighqualityassessmenttakesplace.Typicalteammembersincluderepresentativeswithoperatingexperiencerelatedtothework,technicalSHEQexpertise,engineeringexpertise,andexperienceintheassessmentmethodused.Usingateamapproachforassessmentsisoftenrequiredtomeettheintentofindustrycodes.

B3.1.5.1

Thehazardidentification,riskassessmentandriskcontrolprocessshouldbereviewedatapre-determinedtimeorperiodassetoutintheprocedureoratatimepredeterminedbymanagement.Thisperiodcanvarydependingonthefollowingconsiderations:

∙Thenatureofthehazard;

∙Themagnitudeoftherisk;

∙Changesfromnormaloperation;

∙Changesinequipment,rawmaterials,chemicals,etc.

Operationsandworkprocesseschangeconstantly,thereforeasystemshouldexisttoreviewandupdatethelistofthosethathavebeenidentifiedassignificant

Itisimportanttonotethereviewshouldnotonlydetermineifneworchangedoperationsshouldbeaddedtothelistbutshouldalsoidentifyifoperationsshouldbeeliminatedfromthelistaswell.

B3.1.5.2

Thereviewshouldalsotakeplaceifchangeswithintheorganizationcallintoquestionthevalidityoftheexistingassessments.

C3.1.9

Toperformeffectivehazardidentificationandriskassessment,individualsmusthavetheskilltodoitwe