高级英语单元七Word下载.docx
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高级英语单元七Word下载.docx
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Comparisonofthesimilaritiesandthedifferences
2ndPart:
Section1.(Paras.1.Itis7:
30.2.Afterherhusband.3.Wellsianfantasy?
)
ThematutinalscenarioofMr.Aladdin'
sfamily,anordinaryfamilyinlatter-dayAmericansocietywhenequippedwithcomputers.
Thefirstsectionofthispartisactuallyanarrativeprose.ThethreeparasgiveavividdescriptionofwhatlifeinanordinaryAmericanfamilywillbelikewhenequippedwiththecomputer.Theauthoradoptedamixtureofactiveandoldfashionorbig/militarywordstoportraitthemorninghappeningsinthefamily.
Theclockburr,blindssnapup,percolatorburbling,TVblinkson,snuglyabed,sauntersout...Allthesephrasescreatedapictureofvivid,comfortable,smooth,perfectlyorderedlife.
Theexpression"
eyeball-to-eyeball"
ischoseninsteadof"
face-to-face"
or"
eye-to-eye"
tostressdirectness,closenessasifAlicewerejuststandinginthemarkettalkingwiththemerchant.
Theword"
commandeer"
makesthereaderimaginethatMrs.Aislikeapersonwithcommandingforce,whoseizes,ortakesovereverythingshewantsforherownuse.Andalsotheword"
supply"
.Thenshe"
orders"
"
directs...,obviouslyshehasthegoverningpower.
Therearealsosomeslangwordssuchas"
tube"
groovy"
tomakethegeneralatmospherelight,pleasant,relaxedandlively.
Section2.(Paras.from"
Themicroelectronicrevolutionpromises..."
to"
beyondthekenofmanyeducators"
)Themanyusesofthismicroelectronicrevolution.
Inthissectionthetechniqueofillustratingisadopted,thatis,lotsofexamplesareusedtoshowthecapabilityofthecomputerinvariousareasoflife.
Section3.Conclusion:
thecomputerrevolutionis...toahigherorderofexistence.
TheAgeofMiracleChips修辞方法/Metonymy,Synecdoche,Alliteration
RHETORIC
Metonymy
Metonymyisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanother.Thissubstitutednamemaybeanattributeofthatotherthingorbecloselyassociatedwithit.Inotherwords,itinvolvesachangeofname.
Shewasagirlwhoexcitedtheemotions,butIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.
Hetooktothebottle.
...littleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapers...strugglebetweenkimonoandtheminiskirt
IthoughtthatHiroshimastillfelttheimpact
Metonymycanbederivedfromvarioussources:
a.Namesofpersons
UncleSam:
theUSA
LuXun:
allthebookswrittenbyhim
IamrecentlyreadingLuXun.
b.Animals
thebear:
theSovietunion
thedragon:
theChinese
c.Partsofthebody
heart:
feelingsandemotions
head,brain:
wisdom,intelligence,reason
greyhair:
oldage
d.Profession:
thepress:
newspapers,reportersetc.
HemetthepressyesterdayeveningattheGrandHotel.
thebar:
thelegalprofession
e.Locationofgovernment,businessetc.
DowningStreet:
theBritishGovernment
theWhiteHouse:
theUSpresidentandhisgovernment
theCapitalHill:
USCongress
WallStreet:
USfinancialcircles
Hollywood:
Americanfilm-makingindustry
JustastheIndustrialRevolutiontookoveranimmenserangeoftasksfromMEN'
sMUSCLESandenormouslyexpanded
productivity,sothemicrocomputerisrapidlyassuminghugeburdensofdrudgeryfromHUMANBRAINandtherebyexpandingthemindscapacities...
Synecdoche
Synecdoche(tiyu)hasoftenbeenconfusedwithMetonymy,andsometimeseventreatedsynonymously.Thisisnotsurprising,asbothfiguresofspeechinvolvesubstitution.Thedistinctionliesinthefactthatwhilemetonymyinvolvesthesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanother,synecdocheinvolvesthesubstitutionofthePartfortheWHOLEor
viceversa.
a.PartfortheWhole:
...eatyourhumbleBREADandCHEESE...
AllHANDSondeck.
Allofasudden,IsawaSAILinthedistance.
...eye-balltoeye-ballconsultationswith...ontheTUBE...
Thecomputerrevolutionis...liberatingLIMBS...
cf:
metonymy
takeoverfromHUMANMUSCLESandassumeburdensofdrudgeryfromtheHUMANBRAIN
b.WholeforthePart:
ChinabeatJapanatthegame.
Hecutmeopenandtookouttheappendixandstitchedmeupagain.
c.Thespeciesforthegenusorviceversa
Alas,thatSpringshouldvanishwiththeROSE!
(flowersingeneral)
WhatatrickyCREATUREheis!
(man)
d.Nameofmaterialforthethingmade
Shewasdressedinsilksandsatins.
Antonomasia(huancheng)
1.thesubstitutionofanotherdesignationforacommonobvious,ornormalone,
a.theuseofanofficialtitleoranepithetinplaceofapropername
a有两种,同样是用另外一个指称来代替一个普通明白的,或标准的说法,但第一是实指,因此给了JudgeDoe,即用“大人”代替“张(或王、李等)法官”,有如用“先生”、“阁下”指代“张省长”,“邱首相”等,
hishonourforJudgeDoe
his/hermajesty:
kingorqueen
yourhonour/highness/mightiness
而第二种是虚指,因此没有给姓氏,也没有大写,如用“首席行政长官”来代替“总统”,用“首长”,“中央领导”来代替“市长”,“省长”或“部长”“副总理”等。
但这两种替代必须是官方正式头衔或称号(anofficialtitleoranepithet),chiefexecutiveforthepresident
b:
theuseofapropernametodesignateamemberofaclass
b也有两个方面,第一点的重点在propername两个词的理解上,冯说antonomasia与metonymy的区别在于:
thepropernamemustdenotesomeideaorcharacteristicofawell-knownperson,eitherhistoryorfiction,而王也说:
Themaindifferencebetweenantonomasiaandmetonymyliesinthatintheformerthepropernounshavebiblical,mythological,historicalorliteraryoriginsSolomonawiseruler
Danielawiseandfairjudge
Judasatraitor
Hitleratyrant
Shylockanextortionateusurer
Romeoromanticyounglover
DonJuanalady-killer
Quislingtraitor
Helenbeautifulwoman
RockefellerisaNapoleonoffinance.
HeistheNapoleonofcrime.
John/HeistheNewtonofourschool/thiscentury.
thelatter-dayAladdin
AliceA
alsothemakingofacommonnounorverbfromapropername
b第二点涉及词性词义转换,法国科学家Pasteur(巴斯德)发明了巴氏消毒法,于是就产生了动词pasteurize,名词pasteurization,这种变换一目了然,毋庸赘言。
当然,如果从词源学的视角去研究,肯定也会有另一番景色。
pasteurizefromPasteur
Wellsianfantasy
Smithsonianantic
2.thegivingofpropername(astoacharacterinfiction)thatnamesorsuggestsaleadingquality
至于antonomasia的2,谢已经给了很好的说明:
“…使人物的姓(名)本身就包括一个对其特点的简短说明。
…如拜伦的MissReading,MissKnowman;
狄更斯的Mr.Murderstone,萨克莱的BeckySharp等。
”其要害仍然是propername必需传递某种特性,有如汉语中的卜世仁,高大全等。
SquireAllworthy,DoctorSawbones
Parallelism
...everythingfromautomobileenginestouniversitiesandhospitals,fromfarmstobanksandcorporateoffices,fromouterspacetoababy'
snursery
Onomatopoeia
alarmclockburrs
percolatorstartsburbling
Parody:
aliteraryormusicworkinwhichthestyleofanauthororworkiscloselyimitatedforcomiceffects,foramusementorridicule.
Usingthewords,thoughts,orstyleofanauthor,butbyaslightchangesoastoadaptthemtoanewpurposeorridiculouslyinappropriatesubject,bitterirony,bitingsarcasm
繁荣必然娼盛。
革命不是请客就是吃饭。
咱们共产党人是吃喝不垮的。
一个人做一件坏事并不难,难就难在一辈子只做坏事,不做好事。
去年今日此门中,人面桃花相映红,(人面麻花相对搓)
人面不知何处去,桃花依旧笑春风。
(麻花依旧下油锅)
Neverventured,nevergained(lost).
...andthatgovernmentof(off)thepeople,by(buy)thepeople,for(foe)thepeopleshallnotperishfromtheearth.
Twinkle,twinkle,littlebat,
HowIwonderwhatyou’reat,
Upabovetheworldyoufly,
Likeateatrayinthesky.
Ajudgetoawitness:
"
Doyouswearthatyouwilltellthetruth,thewholetruth,andnothingbutthetruth?
Adentisttoapatient:
...pullthetooth,thewholetooth,andnothingbutthetooth?
"
Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday(canbeputofftilldayaftertomorrowjustaswell).
Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatcanbe(donetoday)putofftillthedayaftertomorrowjustaswell.(MarkTwain)
theultimateapplications...arestillaroundthebendofasiliconcircuit.
Alliteration
Nexttohealth,heartandhome,happinessformobileAmericansdependsupontheautomobile.
TheAgeofMiracleChips词汇(Vocabulary)
词汇(Vocabulary)
miracle(n.):
aneventoractionthatapparentlycontradictsknownscientificlawsandishencethoughttobeduetosupernaturalcauses,esp.toanactofGod奇迹
chip(n.):
asemiconductorbodyinwhichanintegratedcircuitisformedoristobeformed集成电路片
silicon(n.):
anonmetallicchemicalelementoccurringinseveralforms.foundalwaysincombination,andmoreabundantinnaturethananyotherelementexceptoxygen,withwhichitcombinestoformsilica(usedinthemanufactureoftransistors。
solarcells,rectifiers,silicones,ceramics,etc.)硅(符号Si)
inert(adj.):
havingfewornoactiveproperties;
inactive惰性的
fleck(n.):
asmallpiece;
flake;
particle小片,薄片;
粒子,微粒
hulking(adj.):
1arge,heavy,andoftenunwieldyorclumsy巨大的,庞大的;
笨重的
tangle(v.):
makeakno
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