高中英语Unit1BreakingrecordsUsingLanguageWord格式文档下载.docx

高中英语Unit1BreakingrecordsUsingLanguageWord格式文档下载.docx

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conventionalbehaviour/moralityShe’sveryconventionalinherviews.2.[usuallybeforenoun]followingwhatistraditionalorthewaysthhasbeendoneforalongtime:

conventionalmethods/approachesIt’snotahotel,intheconventionalsense,butratherawholevillageturnedintoahotel.3.[usuallybeforenoun]（especiallyofweapons）notnuclear:

conventionalforces/weaponsAconventionalwarwouldstillcauseunacceptabledevastation.aconventionalpowerstation（=usingoilorcoalasfuel,ratherthannuclearpower）

laughter

noun[U]theactorsoundoflaughing:

toroarwithlaughtertears/gales/peals/shrieksoflaughtertoburst/dissolveintolaughterahousefulloflaughter（=withahappyatmosphere）Hegaveasnortofderisivelaughter.

reality

noun（pl.-ies）

1.[U]thetruesituationandtheproblemsthatactuallyexistinlife,incontrasttohowyouwouldlikelifetobe:

Sherefusestofacereality.You’reoutoftouchwithreality.Therealityisthatthereisnotenoughmoneytopayforthisproject.Theyseemedtohavetheperfectmarriagebuttherealitywasverydifferent.2.[C]athingthatisactuallyexperiencedorseen,incontrasttowhatpeoplemightimagine:

theharshrealitiesoflifeThisdecisionreflectstherealitiesofthepoliticalsituation.Thepaperlessofficeisstillfarfrombeingareality.Willtimetraveleverbeeareality?

adjustment

noun[C,U]

1.asmallchangemadetosthinordertocorrectorimproveit:

I’vemadeafewadjustmentstothedesign.Someadjustmentofthelensmaybenecessary.2.achangeinthewayapersonbehavesorthinks:

Shewentthroughaperiodofemotionaladjustmentafterhermarriagebrokeup.

tough

adj.（tougher,toughest）

DIFFICULT

1.havingorcausingproblemsordifficulties:

atoughchildhoodItwasatoughdecisiontomake.She’sbeenhavingatoughtimeofit（=alotofproblems）lately.Hefacesthetoughesttestofhisleadershipsofar.Itcanbetoughtryingtojuggleacareerandafamily.

STRICT/FIRM

2.~（on/withsb/sth）demandingthatparticularrulesbeobeyedandshowingalackofsympathyforanyproblemsorsufferingthatthismaycause:

Don’tbetootoughonhim—hewasonlytryingtohelp.It’sabouttimeteachersstartedtogettoughwithbullies.Theschooltakesatoughlineon（=punishesseverely）cheating.Localtradersarecallingfortougheractionagainstvandals.

STRONG

3.strongenoughtodealsuccessfullywithdifficultconditionsorsituations:

atoughbreedofcattleHe’snottoughenoughforacareerinsales.She’satoughcookie/customer（=sbwhoknowswhattheywantandisnoteasilyinfluencedbyotherpeople）.

4.（ofaperson）physicallystrongandlikelytobeviolent:

Youthinkyou’resotough,don’tyou?

Heplaysthetoughguyinthemovie.

MEAT

5.difficulttocutorchew

NOTEASILYDAMAGED

6.noteasilycut,broken,torn,etc.:

atoughpairofshoesThereptile’sskinistoughandscaly.

UNFORTUNATE

7~（onsb）（informal）unfortunateforsbinawaythatseemsunfair:

Itwastoughonherbeingdroppedfromtheteamlikethat.（ironic）‘Ican’tgetitfinishedintime.’‘Tough!

’（=Idon’tfeelsorryaboutit.）

extreme

adj.

1.[usuallybeforenoun]verygreatindegree:

Weareworkingunderextremepressureatthemoment.peoplelivinginextremepovertyI’mhavingextremedifficultyinnotlosingmytemperwithher.Theheatinthedesertwasextreme.2.notordinaryorusual;

seriousorsevere:

Childrenwillberemovedfromtheirparentsonlyinextremecircumstances.Don’tgodoinganythingextremelikeleavingthecountry.ItwasthemostextremeexampleofcrueltytoanimalsIhadeverseen.extremeweatherconditions3.（ofpeople,politicalorganizations,opinions,etc.）farfromwhatmostpeopleconsidertobenormal,reasonableoracceptable:

extremeleft-wing/right-wingviewsanextremenationalistorganizationTheirideasaretooextremeforme.4.[onlybeforenoun]asfaraspossiblefromthecentre,thebeginningorinthedirectionmentioned:

KerryisintheextremewestofIreland.Shesatontheextremeedgeofherseat.politiciansontheextremeleftoftheparty

noun

1.afeeling,situation,wayofbehaving,etc.thatisasdifferentaspossiblefromanotherorisoppositetoit:

extremesofloveandhateHeusedtobeveryshy,butnowhe’sgonetotheoppositeextreme（=changedfromoneextremekindofbehaviourtoanother）.2.thegreatestorhighestdegreeofsth:

extremesofcold,windorraintheclimaticextremesofthemountains

go,etc.toextremes|takesthtoextremestoactorbeforcedtoactinawaythatisfarfromnormalorreasonable:

It’sembarrassingtheextremeshe’llgotoinordertoimpresshisboss.Takentoextremes,thiskindofbehaviourcanbedangerous.Inthejungletheyweredriventoextremesinordertosurvive.

intheextreme（formal）toagreatdegree:

Thejourneywouldbedangerousintheextreme.

unfit

1.~（forsth）|~（toeat,drink,livein,etc.）|~（todosth）notofanacceptablestandard;

notsuitable:

Thehousingwasunfitforhumanhabitation.Thefoodonofferwasunfitforhumanconsumption.Thiswaterisunfittodrink.Mostofthebuildingsareunfittolivein.Theydescribedhimasunfittogovern.（technical）Manyofthehouseswerecondemnedasunfit.（technical）Thecourtclaimssheisanunfitmother.2.~forsth|~todosthnotcapableofdoingsth,forexamplebecauseofillness:

He’sstillunfitforwork.Thepany’sdoctorfoundthatshewasunfittocarryouthernormalwork.3.（especiallyBrE）（ofaperson）notingoodphysicalcondition;

notfit,becauseyouhavenottakenexercise:

Thecaptainisstillunfitandwillmisstonight’sgame.

fascinate

verbtoattractorinterestsbverymuch:

[vn]Chinahasalwaysfascinatedme.Itwasaquestionthathadfascinatedhimsincehewasaboy.[v]Theprivatelivesofmoviestarsneverfailtofascinate.

meditation

noun

1.[U]thepracticeofthinkingdeeplyinsilence,especiallyforreligiousreasonsorinordertomakeyourmindcalm:

Shefoundpeacethroughyogaandmeditation.Hewasdeepinmeditationanddidn’tseemeein.2.[C,usuallypl.]~（onsth）（formal）seriousthoughtsonaparticularsubjectthatsbwritesdownorspeaks:

hismeditationsonlifeandart

urge

verb

1.toadviseortryhardtopersuadesbtodosth:

[vntoinf]Sheurgedhimtostay.Policeareurginganyonewhosawtheaccidenttocontactthemimmediately.[vthat]Thereporturgedthatallchildrenbetaughttoswim.2.[vn]~sth（on/uponsb）toremendsthstrongly:

ThesituationisdangerousandtheUNisurgingcaution.3.[vn+adv./prep.]（formal）tomakeapersonorananimalmovemorequicklyand/orinaparticulardirection,especiallybypushingorforcingthem:

Heurgedhishorseforward.

urgesbontoencouragesbtodosthorsupportthemsothattheydoitbetter:

Shecouldhearhimurgingheronassheranpast.

acplish

[vn]tosucceedindoingorpletingsth,achieve:

Thefirstpartoftheplanhasbeensafelyacplished.Idon’tfeelI’veacplishedverymuchtoday.That’sit.Missionacplished（=wehavedonewhatweaimedtodo）.

motivate

verb

1.[vn][oftenpassive]tobethereasonwhysbdoessthorbehavesinaparticularway:

Heismotivatedentirelybyself-interest.2.tomakesbwanttodosth,especiallysththatinvolveshardworkandeffort:

[vn]She’sverygoodatmotivatingherstudents.[vntoinf]Theplanisdesignedtomotivateemployeestoworkmoreefficiently.3.[vn]（formal）togivereasonsforsththatyouhavestated:

Pleasemotivateyouranswertoquestion5.

motivated

adj.:

araciallymotivatedattackahighlymotivatedstudent（=onewhoisveryinterestedandworkshard）

motivation

noun[C,U]:

Whatisthemotivationbehindthissuddenchange?

Mostpeoplesaidthatpaywastheirmainmotivationforworking.He’sintelligentenoughbuthelacksmotivation.Allresearchproposalsmustbeacpaniedbyafullmotivation.

devotion

noun~（tosb/sth）

1.[U,sing.]greatlove,careandsupportforsb/sth:

Hisdevotiontohiswifeandfamilyistouching.

2.[U,sing.]theactionofspendingalotoftimeorenergyonsth:

herdevotiontodutyHerdevotiontothejobleftherwithverylittlefreetime.3.devotions[pl.]prayersandotherreligiouspractices

soul

SPIRITOFPERSON

1.[C]thespiritualpartofaperson,believedtoexistafterdeath:

Hebelievedhisimmortalsoulwasinperil.Thehowlingwindsoundedlikethewailingoflostsouls（=thespiritsofdeadpeoplewhoarenotinheaven）.

INNERCHARACTER

2.[C]aperson’sinnercharacter,containingtheirtruethoughtsandfeelings:

Therewasafeelingofrestlessnessdeepinhersoul.

SPIRITUAL/MORAL/ARTISTICQUALITIES

3.[sing.]thespiritualandmoralqualitiesofhumansingeneral:

thedarksideofthehumansoul

4.[U,C]strongandgoodhumanfeeling,especiallythatgivesaworkofartitsqualityorenablessbtorecognizeandenjoythatquality:

Itwasaverypolishedperformance,butitlackedsoul.

5.[sing.]the~ofsthaperfectexampleofagoodquality:

Heisthesoulofdiscretion.

PERSON

6.[C]（beingold-fashioned）apersonofaparticulartype:

S