写作课程讲义Word文档格式.docx
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写作课程讲义Word文档格式.docx
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}喜欢:
like
appreciate,fondof,enjoy,prefer,favor
}严重:
serious
grave,fearful,grisliness,severe
}方法:
way
means,measure,method,avenue,approach
}部分:
part
componentfractionportionsectionsegment
}包括:
include
contain,cover,embody,comprise,consist,involve
}导致:
cause/leadto
bringon,conduce,inducereflecton,resultin
}越来越:
moreandmore
}修饰名词:
}moreandmore+名词复数;
}=名词复数+ingrowingnumbers
}修饰副词:
}moreandmore+形容词
}=increasingly+形容词
}例句:
越来越多的人认为健康很重要。
}Moreandmorepeoplethinkhealthisveryimportant.
}Adramaticallygrowingnumberofindividualscontendthathealthisextraordinarilysignificant.
}Forexample
}AmongallthetouchingfactsrelatingtothistopicthatIhaveheard,noticed,andexperienced,themostimpressiveoneis…
}在我所听到的,看到的,经历过的所有和这个话题相关的例子之中,最有说服力的是…(19words)
}句子间的衔接:
}使用重要的逻辑关系词:
}1.转折关系词:
}but,yet,however,nevertheless,while
}2.因果关系词:
}because,as,since,for,becauseof,owingto,dueto,onaccountof,asaresultof
}3.举例关系词:
}forexample,forinstance,asanexample
}asanillustration,toillustrate,suchas…
}4.结论关系词:
}inshort,inbrief,insummary,onthewhole,tosumup,toconclude
}段落间的衔接:
}使用过渡句表达法
}万能过渡句——原因、举例、影响的引出句
}观点间的衔接:
使用顺序连词:
1.首先:
first,firstly,firstofall,inthefirstplace,
foronething,aboveall,tobeginwith
2.其次:
second,secondly,inthesecondplace,
foranother,additionally,inaddition,
furthermore,whatismore,moreover
}3.最后:
intheend,atlast,finally,lastly,
inconclusion,lastbutnotleast,
eventually
设问句开篇法
}利用问句起到引导的作用
}引导原因:
}Whydoesthisphenomenonarise/occur?
}Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesawidevarietyoffactors
}引出观点:
}Whoonearthisright?
}Thereisalottobesaidforbothsidesoftheargumentaboutthisphenomenon.
}引出处理方法:
}Howshouldwedealwith……?
}Themethodsofthisissueoftendifferwidely.
感叹句开篇法
}感叹句模板:
}Howadj1andadj2the……is!
}Whataadj1andadj2……itis!
}应用:
问题、现象、观点
}应用1:
引出问题
}Howsevereandpressingtheproblemis
}Whatasevereandpressingproblemitis
}应用2:
引出现象
}Howfamiliarandpopularthephenomenonis
}Whatafamiliarandpopularphenomenonitis
}应用3:
引出观点
}Howcorrectandobviousthepointofviewis
}Whatacorrectandobviouspointofviewitis
}句子变复杂:
添加修饰成分
}这个关系到人们生活和社会发展的问题是严重和紧迫的。
}Theproblem,whichisconcernedwithlifeofcitizensanddevelopmentofsocietyissevereandpressing
}应用1变化:
}Howsevereandpressingtheproblemis,whichisconcernedwithlifeofcitizensanddevelopmentofsociety.
}Whatasevereandpressingproblemitis,whichisconcernedwithlifeofcitizensanddevelopmentofsociety.
科学数据开篇法
}增强论证的说服力
}组成部分:
引入+数据+进一步阐述
}引入部分:
Accordingtoasurvey/investigation……
}Accordingtooneofthelatestsurvey/investigationconductedbyacertaininternationalorganization,…
}TheheadlineoftheChinaDailyonJune,17th,2009,presentedathought-provokingdatatousthat……
}Asisrevealedbythestatisticsfrequentlyappearedonnewspapersrecently……
TheheadlineoftheChinaDailyonJune,17th,2009,presentedathought-provokingdatatousthat……
}thought-provoking发人深思的
}数据部分:
可以随意填写,只要符合基本常识和正常逻辑即可
}进一步阐述:
}具体体现想要表述的内容
利用非限定性定语从句表达
谚语开篇法
三部分组成:
引言+谚语+解释说明
谚语的引言:
}Asanoldsayinggoes,
}JustasanoldArabproverbsays,…
}Aremoteorientalphilosopherhassaid,
}“……”suchistheremarkmadebyafamouswriter.
}万能引言,随便挑选使用
谚语部分:
注意日常积累
谚语的选择:
结合考试内容,建议从五方面选择
}如果实在没有可用的谚语怎么办?
}具体方法:
}把具体的问题抽象化,抽象的问题具体化
}编写谚语方法总结:
1.不要直白的表达自己的观点
2.Jack和Jill在英文谚语中经常出现
3.经常用双重否定表示肯定
}如何体现解释:
}也就是说……
}thatistosay,
}所有的谚语必然是要表达正确的观点或哲理
}因此只要表示出正向的意思即可
谚语的解释说明部分
万能解释模版:
Itisthemostsignificantthingintheworldtostrugglefor……
Nothingshouldwedoinourlifeismoresignificantthanstrugglingfor……
针对对立观点型的谚语开篇
}引言:
同上
}谚语:
}Everycoinhastowsides.
任何硬币都有两面。
}Fireisagoodservantbutisabadmaster.
火是一把双刃剑。
}解释说明部分:
万用套话
Thatistosay,everythinghasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.
}Thatistosay,thereisnoagreementamongcitizens.
}Somebelievethat……isgood,whileotherstakingtheoppositestandholdtheviewthat……isbad
}对立观点型的万能开篇段:
}Aremoteorientalphilosopherhassaid,fireisagoodservantbutisabadmaster.Thatistosay,everythinghasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Somebelievethat……isgood,whileothers,takingtheoppositestand,holdtheviewthat……isbad.
句型篇
}简单句开篇
}并列句开篇
}复合句开篇
简单句开篇:
句子主干:
1、Adebatehashappened.
2、Peoplehavebeentalkingaboutatopic.
3、Adebatehasbeencausedbyfirecrackers.
4、Adebatehasbeencommon.
5、Therehasexistedadebate/topic/phenomenonof/(that)…
6、Ithasbeencommon(tohear/tosee/toexperience)that…
讨论:
discussion,dispute,argument,disagreement,quarrel,controversy
话题:
topic,issue,matter,problem,question
现象:
phenomenon,occurrence,trend
发生:
人们:
people,person,individuals,citizens,
public,folks,themasses
引起:
cause,arouse,breed,engender,giveriseto
关注:
concern,attention,notice,interest,
concentration,thought,focus
普遍:
popular,general,universal,rife,
widespread,pervasive,prevalent
不同的:
different,dissimilar,diverse,varied,various,assorted,avarietyof,arangeof,anassortmentof,amixtureof
表时间:
当前
Nowadays,recently,lately,currently,presently,atpresent,thesedays,inrecentyears,atthepresenttime,
表地点:
校园或社会
oncampusinthesociety
表范围:
在几乎所有学生中或几乎所有人中
amongnearlyallthestudents
amongnearlyallthepeople
例句1:
近来,在社会上几乎所有人当中,关于燃放鞭炮的话题产生了。
Atthepresenttime,atopicaboutsettingofffirecrackershasoccurredamongnearlyallthepeopleinthesociety.(20ws)
例句2:
近来,一个关于燃放鞭炮的话题在社会上几乎所有人当中存在着。
Thesedays,therehasexistedanissueofsettingofffirecrackersamongnearlyallthepeopleinthesociety.
(19ws)
2、并列句开篇
a.事情发生了。
b1.人们谈论事情。
b2.争论/关注被事情引起。
c.事情是普遍的。
连词及副词:
and,notonly…but(also)…,also,moreover,furthermore,besides,additionally,
inaddition,
并列句模板句型:
1、事情发生了,并且人们都在谈论。
2、事情发生了,并且争论/关注被引起。
3、事情发生了,并且非常普遍。
4、事情很普遍,并且人们都在谈论。
5、事情很普遍,并且争论/关注被引起。
变形:
目前有些校园内浪费现象十分严重,并且老师和学生都在谈论此现象。
Inrecentyears,thephenomenonofwasteoncampushasbeenratherserious,andbothstudentsandteachershavebeentalkingaboutit.(23ws)
非常:
quite,pretty,fairly,somewhat,relatively,reasonably,toacertainextent
当前社会上存在着许多不诚实现象,并且此现象引起了人们的普遍关注。
Inrecentyears,therehasexistedaphenomenonofdishonestyalmosteverywhereinthesociety,ithasalsoarousedpeople’suniversalconcern.(22ws)
3、复合句开篇
非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句放于全句之后,用逗号隔开,内容多为个人对全句所说现象的评论或句子中心名词的描述。
目前,随着科学技术的迅猛发展,数字化产品被越来越广泛的使用于日常生活中,此事对各行各业的人们都很有价值。
Nowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,
(1)moreandmoredigitalproductsarecommonlyandwidelyusedineverydaylife,which
(2)havebeenofgreatvalueforpeopleindifferentfields.(33ws)
be+形容词(该词的名词为抽象名词时)同义转换
→be+of+该形容词的名词形式
beofusebeuseful
beofimportancebeimportant
beofhelpbehelpful
beofvaluebevaluable
beofinterestbeinteresting
beofqualitybequalified
beofnecessitybenecessary
}“越来越”修饰形容词:
相当于副词
}moreandmoreserious
}=increasinglyserious
应用非限定性定语从句开篇句模板:
Nowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentof……,moreandmore……arecommonlyandwidelyusedineverydaylife(越来越的表达),whichhavebeenofgreat+抽象名词forpeopleindifferentfields.
模板篇
}功能句组合开篇法:
万能现象引出句
}Amongallthepopularissuesthatindividualsaretalkingaboutrecently,oneofthehottestisabout……
}Thepastseveralyearshavewitnessedaphenomenonthat……havebeenprevalentandwidespreadgrowinglyinourmodernsociety.
}Howshouldwehandle/regard……?
}回答①
}Attitudestowardstheissueoftendiffersharply/widely.
}回答②
}Theanswerstothisquestionusuallyvaryfrompersontoperson.
}回答③
}Gradually,distinctiveattitudesemergetowardstheissue.
万能问题引出句
}Withthedevelopmentof……,nothingismoreseriousthan……
}Asamatteroffact,citizensofchinaarefacingaproblemof……
}Withthedevelopmentof……,theproblemof……,whichcitizensofchinaarefacingisofmostseriousness.
}Alongwiththereformandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,……hasbecomeincreasinglyseriousthanever.
万能论点引出句
}……isasentencefulloflogicandphilosophy,whichhasbeengenerallyaccepted.
Itiswellknowntousallthatwhateveronedoes,heshoulddoitwith…….
万能观点引出句
}Wefindsomecitizensholdtheopinionthat…(甲方观点)
}Othersprefertheoppositeonethat…(乙方观点)
}Othersareinfavoroftheoppositeonethat…(乙方观点)
}Othersap
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