英语国家概况期末复习2Word文档格式.docx
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英语国家概况期末复习2Word文档格式.docx
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TheNewDealFranklinD.Roosevelt德拉诺·
罗斯福政年富兰克林·
罗斯福就任美国总统后所实行的一系列经济政策,其核心是1933),因此有时也被)和改革(Reform:
救济(三个RReliefRecovery)、复兴(R新政。
称为三?
农业调整法AgriculturalAdjustmentAct?
?
NationalIndustrialRecoveryAct?
全国工业复兴法?
?
社会保障法(MartinLutherKing)马丁.路德.金恩民权运动CivilRightsMovement
我有一个梦想(IHaveaDream)
HarryTruman哈瑞.杜鲁门:
TheTrumanDoctrine
杜鲁门主义EuropeanRecovery),也称为欧洲复兴计划马歇尔计划(TheMarshallPlanProgram
Reagan里根:
StarWarsProgram星球大战计划IrangateScandal伊朗门事件尼克松Nixon:
WatergateScandals水门事件:
ZippergateScandal克林顿BillClinton
UK
KingJohn国王约翰?
:
MagnaCarta/TheGreatCharter1215年?
大宪章fromraisingmoneypersonalpowerinlimitstoimposelegalontheKing'
s
hissubjects
:
ThePetitionofRight1628?
权力请愿书?
年页Charles查理一世第29页第权利法案?
BillofRights32?
32页ThetreatyofParis1763年第
概念搭配UK
Constitution
、1powersthelaysdownofsetrulesandconventionsthatconstitutionAisa
andfunctionsofstateinstitutionsandtheirrelationshipwitheach
other.
Thecabinet
2、withassociatedisoftengovernment,decision-makingThemajorbodyinthe
theofficeofthePrimeMinister.
)
法院,仲裁机构Tribunal(3、Amoreinformalandlessexpensivealternativetocivilandcriminal
courts,whichhandlesminorcasesoutsideoftheofficialcourtsystem.
(英国上议院的)大法官、4TheLordChancellor
andEngland司法部,法院ofthejudiciary()inTheLordChancellorishead
Wales.
Thesocialsecuritysystem
、5financialinstandardoflivingforpeopleItisdesignedtosecureabasic
needfromthecradletothegrave.
US
国会1、Congress(SenatemadeupoftheofThelegislativebranchthefederalgovernment,is
andtheHouseofRepresentative.
TheSupremeCourt
2、Consistsofachiefjusticeandeightassociatejustices.
问答题英国部分Unit3P41
1.WhowerethemainforeigninvadersofBritainatdifferenttimesin
Britishhistory?
Whatcontributionshavetheyrespectivelymadetothe
英国历史上不同时期主Britishculture,orwhatimpactshavetheyhad?
P13
要的外国侵略者?
及对英国的文化贡献或影响?
LatinWordsofHadrian'
sWall帝
(1)JuliusCaesar凯撒大(55BC)
origins,Romannumbers,thesolarcalendar,Romanlaws,andthecensustookrootlocally.Christianityspread
s]?
人口普查['
sensk?
developedtheHeptarchy,['
hept
(2)Germanictribesmen日耳曼人ɑestablishedOldEnglish
七王国;
七头统治;
七国连盟]?
(3)Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁-撒克逊ChristianitygainedholdinBritain
(4)Normans诺曼人madeNormanfeudalism封建主义;
封建制度['
fju?
d?
l?
z(?
)m]
2.WhatwasthesocialbackgroundfortheReformationtotakeplacein
England?
WhatmajorachievementsdidtheElizabethan[i,liz?
'
bi:
θ?
n]
伊丽莎白一世时代的era['
r?
]witness?
英格兰革新的社会背景?
伊丽莎白一世见证的成就?
P28
IntheMiddleAges,theChurchhadgainednotonlymaterialimportance,
butalsoextensivepowerinpoliticsandlaw.﹙P28﹚
Elizabeth:
Puttingtorestthereligiousissues;
Reducingthepoweroftheoldnobility;
Reachingfartherthanbeforethroughtradeandadventure;
DefeatingArmadaatseaCulturalandartisticmovements(theEnglish
Renaissance)
3.HowdidtheEnglishCivilWarbreakout?
Whatweretheconsequences
实用文档
ofthewar?
英国内战如何爆发?
结果如何?
P29
TheabsoluteruleofCharlesIarousedtheresistanceofthepeopleand
thebourgeoisies.Charlestookconteraction.HewantedtoarrestPym,
HampdenandthreeotherleadersoftheCommons,buthefailedtodoso.
So,hedepartedforthenorth,hopingtofindsupportersinthewestand
northdistricts.ThustheCivilWarbegan.
Consequences:
TheKingCharles'
sarmwasdefeated.CharlesIwasbeheaded.
In1649,theHouseofLordsandtheofficeofKingwereabolishedanda
CouncilofStatewassettocarrytheexecutiveworkofthegovernment,
andEnglandwasdeclaredaCommonwealth.
Unit4P50
4.WhatarethecharacteristicsoftheBritishConstitution?
英国宪法的特点?
P43
(1)Constitutionalmonarchy['
m?
n?
k?
]君主立宪制
(2)Parliamentarysovereignty['
s?
vr?
nt?
]议会至上
(3)Representativedemocracy代议民主
(4)Theruleoflaw﹝P43﹞
5.WhatarethefunctionsofParliament?
Howdoesthelaw-makingprocess
work?
议会的功能是什么?
法律制定工作是如何运行的?
P44
(1)Tolegislate立法
(2)Tovotethetaxation征税andexpenditures[?
k'
sp?
nd?
t?
]支出ofthegovernment
(3)Toexaminegovernmentpoliciesandadministration行政
(4)Todebatemajorpoliticalissuesoftheday(P45)
6.Whatismeantbythe“two-partysystem”intheUKtoday?
Howeffective
issuchasystem?
英国两党制在今天有何意义?
这种制度如何起作用?
P48
TheBritishpartypoliticsofgovernmentintheUKParliamentwithpower
beingheldbyeitherConservativePartyorLabourParty.Thepartywhich
winsmostMPseatsintheHouseofCommonbecomesthegoverment.The
largestminoritypartybecomestheofficialOpposition,withitsown
leaderandshadowcabinet.
美国部分
Unit1P123
1.WhatarethecharacteristicsofMiddleAmerica,geographically,
culturally,andpolitically?
美国中部的地理、文化、政治特点?
P115
Geographically,theMiddleAmericareferstotheterritorybetween
theEastCoastoftheUnitedStates(particularlythenortheast)andthe
WestCoast.IthasyieldedsomeofAmerica'
sgreatestagriculturaland
mineralwealth,istheheartofAmerica.
Culturally,Americaiscontrastedwiththemoreculturally
progressiveurbanareasofthecountry,particularly,thoseoftheEast
andWestCoasts.TheconservativevaluesconsideredtypicalofMiddle
America(oftencalled
amilyvaluesinAmericanpolitics)areoften
calledMiddleAmericanvalues.TheideaofMiddleAmericamayexclude
locationssuchasChicago(thethirdlargestcityintheUnitedStates
andoneoftheworld'
stenalphacities)andverywealthycitieslikeAspen,
Colorado.ThecoastalregionsofthesouthernUnitedStatesareimplicitly
included.
Politically,ThephraseMiddleAmericanvaluesisapoliticalcliché
;
likefamilyvalues,itreferstomoretraditionalorconservative
politics,althoughlargercitiessuchasSt.Louis,Missouriand
Minneapolis,Minnesota,andmajoruniversitytownssuchasMadison,
Wisconsin,Columbia,MissouriandLawrence,Kansasprovideexceptions.
ManyofthepoliticalbattlegroundstatesaresituatedinMiddle
America.
2.WhatmakestheNortheaststandoutasauniqueculturalregion?
美国东北部独特的文化区域?
P119
theNortheastofAmericaisdenselypopulatedandhighurban,andit'
thenation'
seconomicandculturalcenter.Sincethisareawasoneofthe
twoearliestsettlementsbyBritishcolonists,Americanstendtotrace
manyofthenation'
scorevaluestotheregion.Oneoftheregion'
greateststrengthsinitseconomiccompetitionwithotherregionsisits
longtraditionofsupportforeducation.Additionally,theregionhasalso
enjoyedalonghistoryofboomingtourismindustry,bothforitsbeautiful
landscapeandforitssignificantroleinshapingtheearlypartof
Americanhistory.
Unit2P143
3.WhatdoyouthinkoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesof
America?
Weretheygreat?
你怎么看待美国的开国元勋?
他们获得哪些伟大的成就?
AmericahasproducedsuchgreatmenasGeorgeWashington,ThomasJefferson,
andAbrahamLincoln.Undoubtedly,theFoundingFathersoftheUnited
StatesofAmericamadegreatcontributionstotheUS.Allservedin
importantpositionsintheearlygovernmentoftheUnitedStates.They
alsoputforthasetofpoliticalideasthatbecamesodeeplyembedded
inthenationalconsciousnessthattheyareoftenreferredtoasthe
AmericanCredo.
4.WhatwerethemainreasonsthatmadetheUnitedStatestheworld'
leadingindustrialpowerinthelate19thandearly20thcenturies?
19到20世纪美国位于世界工业霸权的地位的主要原因?
P128
AYankeetraditionoftradeandcommercethatprovidedboththeskilland
thecapitalrequiredforindustrialexpansion;
acommitmenttoprivate
propertyandtheprofitsystemthatgavetheRockefellers,theMorgans,
andtheCarnegiestheincentivetobuildcorporateempires;
anabundant
andskilledlaboursupply;
politicalinstitutions......P130第一段全部
5.WhatwerethechiefcausesoftheGreatDepression?
DidtheNewDeal
solvetheproblemsbroughtaboutbytheDepression?
Whyandwhynot?
大萧条的主要原因?
新政解决大萧条问题了吗?
P132
Thechiefcausescanbefoundintheunbalancedeconomybothdomesticand
internationalofthetwenties.
TheNewDealdidn'
tsolvetheproblemitself.TheNewDealwasaseries
economicprogramstohelpalleviatethedisastrousimpactoftheGreat
Depression.Theprogramsfocusedonthreeaspects,includingrelieffor
theunemployedandpoor,recoveryoftheeconomytonormallevelsand
reformthefinancialsystemtopreventarepeateddepression.
小测
Part1:
TrueorFalse
1.TheUnitedKingdomconsistsoffourpoliticaldivisions—England,
Ireland.FNorthernScotland,WalesandIreland英国由四个政治区组成:
英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰P3
2.ThelongestriverinBritainistheThames.FtheSevern英国最长的河流是赛文河P7
3.IntheUK,mostundergraduate(bachelor'
s)degreestakethreeyears
tocomplete.T在英国,大多数本科(学士)学位需要三年才能完成P96
4.TheEnglish,theScots,andtheWelshareAnglo-Saxons,buttheIrish
areCelts.F只有英格兰人才能可盎格鲁—萨克逊人onlyTheEnglishis
Anglo-SaxonsP13
5.SocialclassintheUKlaysmoreemphasisonmoneyandproperty.F英国的社会阶层更注重金钱和财产
6.Thename“England”derivedfromtheAngles,oneoftheGermanictribes
whocametoEnglandinthe5
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